Cloud Computing – An overview
اسلاید 1: Cloud Computing – An overviewReddyRajaResearch Consultant, IIIT HyderabadVasudev VermaAssociated Professor, IIIT Hyderabad
اسلاید 2: Cloud Computing - Some termsTerm cloud is used as a metaphor for internetConcept generally incorporates combinations of the followingInfrastructure as a service (IaaS)Platform as a service (PaaS)Software as a service(SaaS)Not to be confused withGrid Computing – a form of distributed computingCluster of loosely coupled, networked computers acting in concert to perform very large tasksUtility Computing – packaging of computing resources such as computing power, storage, also a metered servicesAutonomic computing – self managed
اسلاید 3: Grid ComputingShare Computers and dataEvolved to harness inexpensive computers in Data center to solve variety of problemsHarness power of loosely coupled computers to solve a technical or mathematical problemUsed in commercial applications for drug discovery, economic forecasting, sesimic analysis and back-officeSmall to bigCan be confined to a corporationLarge public collaboration across many companies and networksMost grid solutions are built onComputer AgentsResource ManagerSchedulerCompute gridsBatch up jobsSubmit the job to the scheduler, specifiying requirements and SLA(specs) required for running the jobScheduler matches specs with available resources and schedules the job to be runFarms could be as large as 10K cpusMost financial firms has grids like thisGrids lack automation, agility, simplicity and SLA guarantees
اسلاید 4: Utility ComputingMore related to cloud computingApplications, storage, computing power and networkRequires cloud like infrastructurePay by the drink modelSimilar to electric service at homePay for extra resources when neededTo handle expected surge in demandUnanticipated surges in demandBetter economics
اسلاید 5: Cloud computing – HistoryEvolved over a period of timeRoots traced back to Application Service Providers in the 1990’sParallels to SaaSEvolved from Utility computing and is a broader concept
اسلاید 6: Cloud computingMuch more broader conceptEncompassesIIAS, PAAS, SAASDynamic provision of services/resource pools in a co-ordinated fashionOn demand computing – No waiting periodLocation of resource is irrelevantMay be relevant from performance(network latency) perspective, data localityApplications run somewhere on the cloudWeb applications fulfill these for end userHowever, for application developers and ITAllows develop, deploy and run applications that can easily grow capacity(scalability), work fast(performance), and offer good reliabilityWithout concern for the nature and location of underlying infrastructureActivate, retire resourcesDynamically update infrastructure elements without affecting the business
اسلاید 7: Clouds Versus GridsClouds and Grids are distinctCloudFull private cluster is provisionedIndividual user can only get a tiny fraction of the total resource poolNo support for cloud federation except through the client interfaceOpaque with respect to resourcesGridBuilt so that individual users can get most, if not all of the resources in a single requestMiddleware approach takes federation as a first principleResources are exposed, often as bare metalThese differences mandate different architectures for each
اسلاید 8: Cloud MythologiesCloud computing infrastructure is just a web service interface to operating system virtualization.“I’m running Xen in my data center – I’m running a private cloud.”Cloud computing imposes a significant performance penalty over “bare metal” provisioning.“I won’t be able to run a private cloud because my users will not tolerate the performance hit.”Clouds and Grids are equivalent“In the mid 1990s, the term grid was coined to describe technologies that would allow consumers to obtain computing power on demand.”
اسلاید 9: Commercial clouds
اسلاید 10: Cloud AnatomyApplication Services(services on demand)Gmail, GoogleCalenderPayroll, HR, CRM etcSugarm CRM, IBM Lotus LivePlatform Services (resources on demand)Middleware, Intergation, Messaging, Information, connectivity etcAWS, IBM Virtual images, Boomi, CastIron, Google AppengineInfrastructure as services(physical assets as services)IBM Blue house, VMWare, Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure Platform, Sun Parascale and more
اسلاید 11: Cloud Computing - layersLayersArchitecture
اسلاید 12: What is a Cloud?IndividualsCorporationsNon-CommercialCloud Middle WareStorage ProvisioningOSProvisioningNetworkProvisioningService(apps)ProvisioningSLA(monitor), Security, Billing, PaymentServicesStorageNetworkOSResources
اسلاید 13: Why cloud computingData centers are notoriously underutilized, often idle 85% of the timeOver provisioningInsufficient capacity planning and sizingImproper understanding of scalability requirements etcincluding thought leaders from Gartner, Forrester, and IDC—agree that this new model offers significant advantages for fast-paced startups, SMBs and enterprises alike. Cost effective solutions to key business demandsMove workloads to improve efficiency
اسلاید 14: How do they work?Public clouds are opaqueWhat applications will work well in a cloud?Many of the advantages offered by Public Clouds appear useful for “on premise” ITSelf-service provisioningLegacy supportFlexible resource allocationWhat extensions or modifications are required to support a wider variety of services and applications?Data assimilationMultiplayer gamingMobile devices
اسلاید 15: Cloud computing - CharacteristicsAgility – On demand computing infrastructureLinearly scalable – challengeReliability and fault toleranceSelf healing – Hot backups, etcSLA driven – Policies on how quickly requests are processedMulti-tenancy – Several customers share infrastructure, without compromising privacy and security of each of the customer’s dataService-oriented – compose applications out of loosely coupled services. One service failure will not disrupt other services. Expose these services as API’sVirtualized – decoupled from underlying hardware. Multiple applications can run in one computerData, Data, DataDistributing, partitioning, security, and synchronization
اسلاید 16: Public, Private and Hybrid clouds
اسلاید 17: Public cloudsOpen for use by general publicExist beyond firewall, fully hosted and managed by the vendorIndividuals, corporations and othersAmazons Web Services and Google appEngine are examplesOffers startups and SMB’s quick setup, scalability, flexibility and automated management. Pay as you go model helps startups to start small and go bigSecurity and compliance?Reliability concerns hinder the adoption of cloudAmazon S3 services were down for 6 hours
اسلاید 18: Public Clouds (Now)Large scale infrastructure available on a rental basisOperating System virtualization (e.g. Xen, kvm) provides CPU isolation“Roll-your-own” network provisioning provides network isolationLocally specific storage abstractionsFully customer self-serviceService Level Agreements (SLAs) are advertizedRequests are accepted and resources granted via web servicesCustomers access resources remotely via the InternetAccountability is e-commerce basedWeb-based transaction“Pay-as-you-go” and flat-rate subscriptionCustomer service, refunds, etc.
اسلاید 19: Private CloudsWithin the boundaries(firewall) of the organizationAll advantages of public cloud with one major differenceReduce operation costsHas to be managed by the enterpriseFine grained control over resourcesMore secure as they are internal to orgSchedule and reshuffle resources based on business demandsIdeal for apps related to tight security and regulatory concernsDevelopment requires hardware investments and in-house expertiseCost could be prohibitive and cost might exceed public clouds
اسلاید 20: Clouds and SOASOA Enabled cloud computing to what is todayPhysical infrastructure like SOA must be discoverable, manageable and governableREST Protocol widely used(Representational State Transfer)
اسلاید 21: Clouds for DevelopersAbility to acquire, deploy, configure and host environmentsPerform development unit testing, prototyping and full product testing
اسلاید 22: Open Source Cloud InfrastructureSimpleTransparent => need to “see” into the cloudScalable => complexity often limits scalabilitySecure => limits adoptabilityExtensibleNew application classes and service classes may require new featuresClouds are new => need to extend while retaining useful featuresCommodity-basedMust leverage extensive catalog of open source software offeringsNew, unstable, and unsupported infrastructure design is a barrier to uptake, experimentation, and adoptionEasyTo install => system administration time is expensiveTo maintain => system administration time is really expensive
اسلاید 23: Microsoft and Amazon face challengesGlobus/NimbusClient-side cloud-computing interface to Globus-enabled TeraPort cluster at U of CBased on GT4 and the Globus Virtual Workspace ServiceShares upsides and downsides of Globus-based grid technologiesEnomalism (now called ECP)Start-up company distributing open source REST APIsReservoirEuropean open cloud projectMany layers of cloud services and toolsAmbitious and wide-reaching but not yet accessible as an implementationEucalyptusCloud Computing on ClustersAmazon Web Services compatibleSupports kvm and XenOpen NebulousJoyentBased on Java Script and Git
اسلاید 24: Open Source Cloud Ecosystem - ToolsRightScaleStartup focused on providing client tools as SaaS hosted in AWSUses the REST interfaceCanonicalUbuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)Includes KVM and Xen Hypervisors
اسلاید 25: Open Source Cloud AnatomyExtensibilitySimple architecture and open internal APIsClient-side interfaceAmazon’s AWS interface and functionality (familiar and testable)NetworkingVirtual private network per cloudMust function as an overlay => cannot supplant local networkingSecurityMust be compatible with local security policiesPackaging, installation, maintenancesystem administration staff is an important constituency for uptake
اسلاید 26: Open Source Cloud Anatomy .. cntdPrivate clouds are really hybrid cloudsUsers want private clouds to export the same APIs as the public cloudsIn the Enterprise, the storage model is keyScalable “blob” storage doesn’t quite fit the notion of “data file.”Cloud Federation is a policy mediation problemNo good way to translate SLAs in a cloud allocation chain“Cloud Bursting” will only work if SLAs are congruentCustomer SLAs allow applications to consider cost as first-class principleBuy the computational, network, and storage capabilities that are required
اسلاید 27: Open Source Clouds contd.
اسلاید 28: Eucalyptus(Elastic Utility Computing Architecture Linking Your Programs To Useful Systems)
اسلاید 29: Clouds and VirtualizationOperating System virtualization (Xen, KVM, VMWare, HyperV) is only apparent for IaaSAppEngine = BigTableHypervisors virtualize CPU, Memory, and local device access as a single virtual machine (VM)IaaS Cloud allocation isSet of VMsSet of storage resourcesPrivate networkAllocation is atomicSLAMonitoring
اسلاید 30: Cloud PerformanceExtensive performance study using HPC applications and benchmarksTwo questions:Performance impact of virtualizationPerformance impact of cloud infrastructureObservations:Random access disk is slower with XenCPU bound can be faster with Xen -> depends on configurationKernel version is far more importantNo statistically detectable overheadAWS small appears to throttle network bandwidth and (maybe) disk bandwidth -> $0.10 / CPU hour
اسلاید 31: Cloud InfrastructureNetwork operations centerPhysical Infrastructure
اسلاید 32: Cloud Infrastructure ..contdPhysical SecurityCooling
اسلاید 33: Cloud Infrastructure ..contdPower infrastructure, Network Cabling, Fire safety
اسلاید 34: Clouds – open for innovation
اسلاید 35: Cloud computing open issuesGovernanceSecurity, Privacy and controlSLA guaranteesOwnership and controlCompliance and auditingSarbanes and Oxley ActReliabilityGood servive provider with 99.999% availabilityCloud independence – Vendor lockin?Cloud provider goes out of businessData SecurityCloud lockin and Loss of controlPlan for moving data along with Cloud providerCost?Simplicity?ToolsControls on sensitive data?Out of businessBig and smallScalability and cost outweigh reliability for small businessesBig businesses may have a problem
اسلاید 36: Cloud articleshttp://blogs.zdnet.com/Hinchcliffe/?p=488&tag=btxcsimhttp://blogs.zdnet.com/Howlett/?p=558&tag=btxcsimhttp://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=9560&tag=btxcsimhttp://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2008/tc2008082_445669_page_3.htmhttp://www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/techjournal/0904_amrhein/0904_amrhein.htmlhttp://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com/
اسلاید 37: Battle in the cloudAmazon Web ServicesGoogle App EngineFree upto 500 MB,Free for small scale applications?Universities?Pay when you scaleGoGrid.. Some more Hosting companiesWhere is HP, IBM, Oracle(+sun) and Dell?
نقد و بررسی ها
هیچ نظری برای این پاورپوینت نوشته نشده است.