درمانگاه تخصصی و جوشکاری

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Welding Course 1 Arc Welding Processes 

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Oud & Perea 

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Terodurtcd: 7. Oerkoacd Ubidays Processes Mechanical Fastening ° Threaded Fasters ° Bolts ° Screws ° Nuts ® Other Fastening Methods ° Stapling ° Crimping ° Snap-in Fasteners ° Shrink and press fits 

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1 ‏:سل‎ 7. Oeckoaird Uoiday Processes b) Tubular 4 4# d) compression Rivets CUB a) Solid PY c) Split (bifurcated) 

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‎Oectsoaicd Jotday Processes‏ .7 :مصاص سوه ‎Orsiqa quidelues Por rivets‏ ‎(a) Exposed shank is too long; the result is‏ ‎buckling instead of upsetting‏ ‏صم بحم ‎fod‏ ای ‎(b) Rivets should be placed sufficiently far from edges to avoid stress concentrations 

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1 ‏:سل‎ 7. Oeckoaird Uoiday Processes Orsiqa quidelues Por rivets لا لم (c)Joined sections should allow ample clearance for riveting tools » لا (d) section curvature should not interfere with the riveting process 

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عححصحوه۳۲) پم ول سس( .9 :میلس و1 Adhesive Bonding ° Products are joined and assembled by the use of Adhesives ° Adhesives properties to be considered ° Strength ° Toughness ° Resistance to various fluids ° Ability to wet the surface to be bonded 

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‘irodurtod: O. Okewnird Uotatay Processes Types of adhesives Modified Proper poxy __Polyurethane acrylic ‘yanouerylate istance: Poor cellent Good Poor Tension-shear strength, MPa (10" psi) 15.4 (2.2) 15,4 (2.2) 25.9 (3.7) 18,9 (2.7) Peel strength, Nim ‏مقطا‎ > 525 )3( 14,000 (80) 5250 (30) + 525 )3( Substrates bonded Most Most Most Most nonporous materials smooth, smooth, metals or plastics nonporous nonporous Service temperature ~$5 to 120 160 t9 80 70 to 120 55 1۵ 0 range, °C (°F) (-70 to 250) (-250 to 175) {-100 to 250) (-70 to 178) Heat cure or mixing required Yes Yes No No Solvent resistance Excellent Good Good Good Moisture resistance Excellent Fair Good Poor Gap limitation, mm (in) None None 0.75 (0.03) 0.25 (0.01) Odor Mild Mild Strong Moderate Toxicity Moderate Moderate Moderate Low Flammability. Low Low High Low 

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عححصحوه۳۲) پم ول سس( .9 :میلس و1 Adhesive Peeling Test ۲ ۱ é \ Peeling Force ثانا Characteristic behavior of adhesive in a peeling test : (a) brittle adhesive (b) tough adhesive 

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عححصحوه۳۲) پم ول سس( .9 :میلس و1 ‎Joint Design in Adhesive Bonding‏ a. Poor Adhesive Good TS d. Combination ۸. ‏کت‎ Adhesive "Wie OE Rivet Spot Weld 

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عححصحوه۳۲) پم ول سس( .9 :میلس و1 ‎Configurations for adhesive bonds‏ (a) (b) Simple Simple Beveled Beveled Radlused Radlused (a) Single lap (b) Double lap 

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‘irodurtod: O. Okewnird Uotatay Processes Configurations for adhesive bonds (c) )4( Single taper Single Double taper Double Increased thickness Beveled (c) Scarf (d) Strap 

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"1| ‏عسو الوزد() ,© :مصاصلحطه‎ Jordtay Provesses Joining Solid state Fusion welding Soldering and ‏اهزه اه عبر‎ en Cold welding Brazing Friction welding Diffusion welding Arc energy Chemical energy Flash welding Ultrasonic welding Oy Explosion welding ۳ a Ges Consumable Non consumable ‏م7(‎ ‏واومماع و01‎ 2210 16 welding welding welding Shielded metal arc Atomic hydrogen Thermit welding welding welding Electron beam Submerged arc Plasma arc welding welding welding 3 Flux cored arc 

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‘Riroducton: Pro Orkkay Processes ° Electric arc welding refers to a group of fusion welding processes that use an electric arc to produce the heat required for melting the metal. ° Advantages: ° Inexpensive power source ° Relatively inexpensive equipment ° Welders use standard domestic current. ° Portable equipment is available ° Process is fast and reliable * Short learning curve ° Equipment can be used for multiple functions * Electric arc heat is about 5,000 °C 

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‘Riroducton: Pro Orkkay Processes e All fusion welding process have _ thee requirements: ° Heat * Shielding ° Filler metal ° The method used to meet these three requirements is the difference between arc welding processes. ° In this class you will have the opportunity to use four arc welding processes: ٠ 514117 * GMAW ٠ 01417 ° SAW 

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حححححمس۳) پملل2() <5۷) نسح م61 FCAW (Flux Core Arc Welding) ESW (Electroslag Welding) EGW (Electrogas Welding) PAW (Plasma Arc Welding) . ASW (Arc Stud Welding) 

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Protection from : ° Arc’s rays ° Welding fumes ° Sparks * Contact with hot metal 

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Ore Dekker Prawer Gupphes ° The current for arc welder can be supplied by line current or an alternator/generator. ° Line current must be transformed: High voltage--Low amperage ~High amperage--low voltage ° The type of and polarity of the welding current is one of the differences between the different arc welding processes. * SMAW Constant current (CC), AC, DC+ or DC- * GMAWConstant voltage (CV) DC+ or DC- ° GTAW Constant Current (CC) ), AC, DC+ or DC- ° Welding current differences can include: * Amperage * Voltage * Polarity ° High frequency current * Wave form 

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Orusideraicas Oke Getevtry oa Pro Dekdery Power Guppy Size and portability Future needs for a power supply Available skills Safety Manufacturer's support Open circuit voltage 10. 11 12 Maximum Amperage Duty cycle Amperage range Amperage adjustment mechanism Input power requirements Initial cost and operating cost 

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re Dektay Requirewecs Electric ‏عمق‎ Electric ‏عمق‎ Electric 9 Electric 

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@vperage Output & Duy cote * Optimum output amperage | is determined by: ۰ thickness of the metal, 5 ° type of joint, ‏کف‎ ‎° welding position B30 ° type of electrode. 30 ° The amount of continuous al welding time a power 11 supply can be used is peeve determined by the duty cycle of the power supply. Sloping Duty Cycle - Duty cycle is based ona 10 minute interval. - Many power _ supplies have a_ sloping duty cycle. 

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Pive Commo Ouput Currruts AC (Alternating Current) DC (Direct Current) ACHF (Alternating Current-High Frequency) PC (Pulsed Current) Square wave oR WN 

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Ockhiza Pratures Pvaidble va Gove Bleciic Pre Pawer Gupples: 1. Remote control 2 High frequency 3. Wave balancing 4 Voltage control 

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Btectric Pre Dekh Clectricd Vers ° Electrical Circuit © Constant potential © Di ‘Di ‎Constant current‏ ° بت ‎Alternating current (AC)‏ ° ‎Voltage drop‏ ° ‎° Ampere ‎° Volt © Open circuit ° Resistance voltage ‎° Ohms Law ۰ ۸۲ voltage ‎° Polarity ° Dual Control 

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Ctoricd ‏فصن‎ ۰ An electrical circuit is a complete path for electricity. * When the arc is established, an electrical circuit is also completed. 

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‎Curreut‏ مبمضمم ها ‎Three (3) Complete Cycles of 60 Cycle Current‏ ‎1/60 sec. 1/60 sec. 1/60 sec. ‏یر‎ ‎ ‎Polarity ‎90 1 ‎Tete ti ‏ال‎ a 10 270 360 450 540 630 720 810 900 990 1080 Electrical Degrees ‎° The type of current where the flow of electrons reverses direction (polarity) at regular intervals. ° Recommended current for general purpose electrodes and flat position. 

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Direct Ouredt Direct Current * When the base metal is positive (+), DCSP or DCEN, the base metal will be slightly hotter than the electrode. ۰ DC current is required for some electrodes and recommended for out of * The type of current where the flow of electrons (polarity) is in one direction. * Controlling the polarity allows the welder to influence the location of the heat. * When the electrode is positive (+) DCRP or DCEP it will be slightly hotter than the base metal. 

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سوم : Amperes: the unit of measure for current flow. «۰ One ampere is equal to 6.24150948 1018 electrons passing by a point per second. : Electricity passing through a resistance causes heat. ٠ An air gap is a high resistance ٠ The greater the amperage flowing through the resistance (air gap, ۳ greater the heat. ٠ The electrode also has resistance. + Excessive amperage for the diameter of the electrode over heats the electrode. : Insufficient amperage for the diameter of electrode makes electrode hard to start. 

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Ovt The volt is the measure of electromotive force. It is defined as the potential difference across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power. The voltage at the electrode determines the harshness of the are. Voltage is only adjustable in dual control machines. 

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سب ماع ° That characteristic of a material that impedes the flow of an electrical current. ° Measured in units of Ohm’s ( Q ) © When ever an electrical current passes through a resistance heat is produced. ° Air is a high resistance ° Electrical current passing through air produces a lot of heat. 

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Okw'’s baw ° Ohm's law states that, in an electrical circuit, the current passing through a material is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across them. © Commonly expressed as: E=I.R ° Can also be used to teach electrical safety. ° Amperage is the harmful portion of electrical current. ° Rearranging Ohm’s Law for amperage shows that amperage (current flow) is determined by the voltage divided by the resistance: I=E/R ° The higher the resistance, the less current that will flow for a given voltage. 

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Power Guppy There are 2 different types of power supplies: * Constant current * Constant potential ‘In a constant current power supply, the current (amperage) stays relatively constant when the voltage is changed. ‘In a constant potential power supply, the voltage stays relatively constant when the amperage is changed. 

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ماصظ) سموتا) معط مهو ز) Characteristics of constant current power supply: : The machine provides a high voltage for striking the arc. * Open circuit voltage (OCV) * OCV is not adjustable for most machines : When the arc is struck the voltage drops to the welding voltage. ° Arc voltage ° Arc voltage varies with the arc length. : As the welding proceeds the current will not vary much as the arc length changes. 

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ظ) یوت مصص() مومع ن) Amperage Voltage Increasing the voltage from 20 to 25 volts (25%) only decreases the amperage from 113 to 120 Amp (5.8%). 

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Ovvsted Prteatal Prawer Guppy » The constant potential power supply is modified to produce a relatively constant voltage as the amperage changes. 60 Volts 3 50 100 150 200 250 Anperes ° Characteristic of GMAW power supplies. 

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Ovtege Drop ° Voltage drop is the reduction in voltage in an electrical circuit between the source and the load. ° Primary cause is resistance. ° When an excessive voltage drop exists, the electrical circuit will not perform as designed. * Localized resistance (connection) can cause excessive heat. ° Excessive heat can cause component failure. ° When extra long welding loads are used, the amperage must be increased to have the same heat at the weld. 

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اصمهن لمب() Dual Voltage Machine Voltage 50 100 150 200 250 300 Amperage ° Some weldors have controls for both the voltage and the amperage. © Operator can set the harshness of the arc (voltage) and the amount of heat (amperage) independent of each other. 

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Ubicts, Dekls & Positives Electric arc welding uses five types of joints, five types of welds and ‏رم‎ ‎five positions. 

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ive pes oP wel . Surface Welds . Groove Welds . Fillet Welds . Plug Welds . Slot Welds 

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جلاج() جوه) .0 ° Surface welds are welds were a material has been applied to the surface of another material. . a May or ۳ not be blended with the Tw 11 TUNGSTEN ELECTRODE app. ications PLASMA GAS CooLING WATER are for hard surfacing and Power SHIELOING cas padding, 12000 18000 ¢ e000 14000 ¢ HARD COATING 

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©. Crome Dekt> Groove welds are used to fuse the sides or ends of two pieces of metal. The primary use of groove welds is to complete butt joints. 

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5. 0 (2 Fillet welds have a triangular cross section and are used to fuse two faces of metal that are at a 90 degree angle to each other. Lap Joint 

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64. Phy Dette Plug welds are used to attach two surfaces together when a complete joint is not 0 89 | = = required and_ the design does not allow for any weld bead outside the dimensions of the metal. The holes can be made with a drill bit or punch. The weld is completed by establishing the arc on the bottom plate and then continuing to weld until the hole is full. 

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8. Olt Deke Slot welds are identical to plug welds except for the shape of the holes. For slot welds, slots are machined or stamped in the upper plate. They are complete the same as plug welds. 

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‎Ooweackiture‏ ف ‎ ‎cPenetra tion ‏و‎ ‎Base metal i Reinforcement Joint Angle 0 0 1 Bead ~~ Hool-bace Excessive Penetration ‎Root Opening 

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etd Ooweuctiture-cod. 

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ek! Ooweuwkiture-crd. ° In multiple pass welds, each pass has a specific function. ° A tack weld is used to hold the joint at the desired gap. ass * If it is not used, the heat of the weld will cause the joint to close. ° The root pass is used to fuse the root of the weld. * If the root pass does not have adequate penetration, it must be cut or gouged out before the weld is completed. ° The filler pass is used to fill in the joint. ° A pattern bead or multiple stringer beads will be used. ° The cover pass doesn’t add very much strength to the weld. It is used for appearance and to fill in surface voids. 

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Ovod Patercs ° Pattern beads are used whenever a wider bead is neede ° Hard Surfacing ° Filler pass ° Cover pass ° Reduce penetration © Common patterns: ° Circle ° Crescent ° Figure 8 

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Protecioa of the Doles Delt Pool ° Molten metal reacts with the atmosphere: ° Oxides and nitrides are formed ° Discontinuities such as porosity ° Poor weld metal properties ° All arc welding processes employ some means of shielding the molten weld pool from the air. 

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Dektery Phi 6 12266 1071215 ۰ ° Granular ° Electrode wire coating ° Electrode core ° Fluxes melt to form a protective slag over the weld pool ° Other purposes * Contain scavenger elements to purify weld metal ° Contain metal powder added to increase deposition rate ° Add alloy elements to weld metal ۰ Decompose to form a shielding gas 

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GKiektay Bas ° Shielding gas forms a_ protective atmosphere over the molten weld pool to prevent contamination. ° Inert shielding gases, argon or helium, keep out oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases ° Active gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, are sometimes added to improve variables such as arc stability and spatter reduction. Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Helium Argon 

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یور Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.): * What would happen if there was no flux on the wire to decompose into gas or no inert shielding gas was provided? * What would the weld metal look 

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Gkiekled Detal Pz Detter (SO@PD) ELECTRODE COVERING ‏تج‎ ‎CORE WIRE SHIELDING ATMOSPHERE WELD POOL SOLIDIFIED SLAG PENETRATION DEPTH — DIRECTION OF WELDING ———> 

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Shielded Metal Arc Welding Equipments ELECTRODE HOLDER AC OR DC POWER SOURCE AND CONTROLS ELECTRODE WORKPIECE LEAD ELECTRODE LEAD 

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0 Plux Ovtica Conduct or Magneti 6 lines 

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«صاصیرظ) هام1" جل سا 6000 065) Electrode Strength Position ٩ 1 E XXXX Coating/Operating Characteristics 

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AWS SMAW Electrode Identification System ‎A XX YY‏ نسشاندهنده اسلکترود ‎FE XK YY‏ نشاندهنده مينيمولستحكا مك ششوفلزجوش ‎E XX YY‏ نشاندهنده وضعيتجوشكليى ‏1 ق بل اربرد در تمام وضعيته‌اي‌جوشکلري ‏22 ق بل اربرد در وضعينتهایتختولفقي ‏4 < 1 قلبلاربرد در تمام وضعينهاي‌جوشکوي و عمودي و سه پسلئین ‎E XX YY‏ نشاندهنده نوع يوششا لكترود جوشكري ‎Y=0, 1‏ بوششرسلولزي ‎Y=2, 3, 4‏ پوشثشررونیلیمحتوواکسید نیتنیوم ‏8 ,6 ,125 پوشثرقليلييکم‌هیدروزن ‏1-7 بوشش إكسيدي ‏18-9 يوششخاص 

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Geel Ploy GubPixnes Por GD@O Electrodes Suffix Major Alloy Element(s) 1) Al 0.5% Molybdenium 2) B1 0.5% Molybdenium + 0.5% Chromium ‎ Molybdenium + 1.25%‏ 0.5% ار ‎Chromium‏ ‎4( B3 1.0% Molybdenium + 2.25% Chromium ‎5) B4 0.5% Molybdenium + 2.0% Chromium ‎6) Cl 2.5% Nickel ‎7) C2 3.5% Nickel ‎8) C3 1.0% Nickel ‎Molybdenium + 1.5%‏ 0.3% را کت ‎0 0.396 Molybdenium + 1.75% ‏ی‎ ‎ 

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@OG GOBO Etecircde CkssiPicaiva Exanrpt: ۹۳۳39 °E indicates electrode °70 indicates 70,000 psi tensile strength °1 indicates use for welding in all positions °8 indicates low hydrogen E7018-A1-H8 = ? 

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حججاظ) اججاظ) ,2) هراومه مدطو2) ©02000) ‎yield ange‏ هسطع ‎MP 5 Minium elongation, %‏ 5 ‎eT 30-380 3055 17-22‏ 17-35 57-60 390-420 سس 16-24 7-80 460-550 80 ‎lade‏ 70 1530-620 0 1320 87 50 100 15-20 97-110 670-760 110 1۳ 107-120 740-830 120 ‎‘Wertunntal position ‘Vertical postion ‘Overhead position‏ ‎Yes Yes Yes‏ ‎Filet No No‏ ‎Yes Down Yes‏ — ‎ae Penetration Covering sag eon poder),‏ ‎Digging Deep Cellulosesodium 00‏ ‎Digging Deep Cellulose/potassium 0‏ ‎Medium Medium Rutiltsodiuen| ۳‏ ‎Light Light Routlerpoeassium 99‏ ‎Light ign Rotlefzon powder 25-40‏ ‎Medium Medium Low hydrogen/soium 0‏ ‎Medium Mediuin {Low hydrogen'pouassium 60‏ ‎Medium Medium Low hydrogeniron powder 25-40‏ ‎Medium Medium Iron oxide'sdium °‏ ‎Light Light Rutileivon powder 0‏ ‎Medium Medium Iron oxideron powder 1‏ ‎Low hydrogentron powder 50‏ سا ‎Medium‏ ‎pet souirements vary within each‏ ‏اه یه اد هه ‎0 ‎MPa ‏30-460 ‏480-500 ‏550 ‏620 ‏690 ‏70 ‏مده ‎Flat poston Yes Yes Yes ‏امیس ‎DEP ‎sc and DCEP {ac and DCEN te and de ‎ac and de DcEP. ‎sc or DCEP 6 of DCEP te or de ‎ac or de ‎a6 oF de ‎ac of DCEP ‏عد ‎asication(a)‏ ‎0 ‎ETOXX ‏و‎ ‎E9OXX, ‎E100XX ‎ELIOXX, ‏تست‎ ‏سس ‏20 ‏کت ‏تست ‏نسوس ‏ت ‎EXXXI‏ ‎EXXX2‏ ‎EXXG‏ ‎EXXXS‏ ‎EXXXS‏ ‎EXXX6‏ ‎EXXXS‏ ‎EXX20‏ ‎EXX24‏ ‎EXX27‏ ‎EXX2‏ ‎or te opis inet ene strength amis and aber chil popes chal‏ اج ا ‎‘lasteston ) Tia for) four eoond tel) gt ndcales he melding poston at cane wed)‏ ‎‘esrdz im po personage feed on weigh ol te cove ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 

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00005: )2 ‏بلط «محدوو‎ Govieyy ۱7۷5/۸۲۷5 - 51 2 pecification for Covered Carbon Steel INSIAWS - 5.5 : specification for Low Alloy Steel INSIVAWS - 5.4 : pecification for Corrosion Resistant Ste AWS Website: http://www.aws.org 

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Oritst: Grrrdacd (PG) GO@O ‏سا‎ ٩1ماه‎ Gpstew Electrode Classification: 1. Mandatory Part 2. Arbitrary Part nents 9 E AA BB C(C) DDD X ¥ (H) arbitrary 

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Oritst: Grrrdacd (PG) GO@O ‏سا‎ ٩1ماه‎ Gpstew i. Mandatory Part : E AA BB C(C) 1.E Indicate Covered MMAW Electrode 2.AA Indicate Yield Strength of Electrode Core (MPa) 3.BB Indicate Electrode Elongation Percent 4.C(C) Indicate Type of Covering: A Acidic 0 Oxide AR Routile Acidic R Routile 

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Oritst: Grrrdacd (PG) GO@O ‏سا‎ ٩1ماه‎ Gpstew ii. Arbitrary Part : DDD X YH 1.DDD Indicate Nominal Electrode Recovery za ‏م‎ 9 8 v-vowklertnode 22" All Positions and H, V for Fillet Welds yepebility: . and F, 6 Other Position H, V for Fillet Welds Usability 3 1 Indicate Recommended Polarity and Voltage (Next Slide) 

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®ritsk Grandad (PG) GO@O Ctecirode IdeatPicaica Guster Recommended Ampere and Voltage Table ‎Ook‏ مسج ‎ ‎ ‎ 

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Oritst: Grrrdacd (PG) GO@O ‏سا‎ ٩1ماه‎ Gpstew Example: E5133 B 160 2 ۶ Covered MMA Electrode 51 Yield Strength (MPa) 33 Elongation Percent B Basic Cover 160 Electrode Recovery 2 All Positions Expect! 

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حطس 60060 (60) 0 سم 05 5am ره 9 07 مها همده 0605 0۷ 070 05 ممه 130 0200[ ممه ممم 03012 مام مه وما ممه 120 ۸ اد ووه با 0 ها دق 20022 20028 40t0 60 000 100 300 10۶ Tope BD 988۹۵ Chemical Composition: [Table 1 Symbel for chemical composition of all-neld metal 7 0۳0 9000, 7۳ 180 080 هد م۱0۸0 نممو ‎(oad w 15‏ 17 0۸010 150 00۷ 00012 0 م0401 ممه 0 8 000 0200 3 ret | eat rope 5 = 1 00 [ Mav 00010012-2 520002 |0۳50012 8 ‏شا 006 انه‎ 08) ‏لثامت‎ 8 5560۷ 05:00 8 fonts 061۵028 [caveat ‏ا‎ 3 505_009000۲2 om [canto 06002 iceieo? [O08 to 013 060 GMAW [Oismom om 1 ‏و‎ ober saree composition 717۳0 pest <O3% OR <O3K Ve OOH NO «OOM OCC [3 ‏مق‎ be shown te ee musta va, teres sal be ec oh ener cf spe Agr in he ‏ها الم موه‎ ls A acorns wh ames BD SL: 9, in cnet of 4 9 We wl fot toe wih ute cre el Mncninsof D Wto ‏مادص ا 3ل أ‎ with bade vet 

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‎Dore (EO) COBO Ckoirodes‏ مسج ‎Symbols for Type of Electrode ‎Covering: oe of covering of the electrodes determines to a large extent the usability characteristics of the electrode and the properties of the weld metal. Two symbols are used to denote the type of covering: ‎-R: rutile covering -B: hasic covering 

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Europeu Oorw )60( 6060 ‏م6‎ 8] 22522 8 7 06 00 seo TO ah 70 ‏لت‎ ‎1 ‏سم‎ ‎750 1 TE 70 73 7007 3/8] 8 18 )۲01 تسهم هت © قله يمت موه 8 | ی نو مرس دتم 2 EOE 0 0 00 150 w 25 1 0 90, ‏سل‎ ‎0 w 900 20030 BO to 900 2007 |25 25077 00 to 50) 3 3 3 47 3 3 4 3 3 0 3 3 اه هه 2 9[8 ‎٩۶|‏ 38 Srabel Nant ‏سر‎ ۰ 1 1 50 2 Mow 3 Ei 18 ‎[ase 0 Ey‏ ده ‎(Gated 3 50 3 ‎(Cael | 366 5۳ 2 ‏2 اك 0 45 0۳ ‎a 0 "0 8 ‎cama [wm 0 ‏اق‎ ‏7 0 3 مه ‏18 3 2 مهمه ‎22005 [ate 55 7 ‎۱52/007۳۵ fest wo 15 ‎ ‎ ‎7 For fo aE 8 9۳ Pg) al a wT OG TT SNS ‏جع ی اه ره سا‎ ‎Gage this eco fe tne tht pein anes. ‏مس رن(‎ ange te we an rnin ave pete ‎mete sani cle fh Seren NC ae seer 3 ‏لحان‎ ‎arnt’ aes mg apcinen to bcs dorm 130°C 101٩2 ‏سا سسمجمویه مهم اه‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 

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‎Dore (EO) COBO Ckoirodes‏ مسج ‎Symbols for Weld Metal Recovery: ‎Table 3. Symbol for weld metal recovery and ‎% ‎۳۳ 0 | ‏| مها ف 182 <ا ‎1 In order to demonstrate operability on alternating current, testa shall be carried out with a no load voltage not higher than CV. ‎*) ac. means altemating current; d.c. means direct current. ‎ ‎ 

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‎Dore (EO) COBO Ckoirodes‏ مسج ‎Symbols for Welding Position: ‎The symbol below for welding positions indicates the positions for'| which the electrode is tested in accordance with BN 1597-3: ‎1: all positions; ‎2: all positions, except vertical down; ‎3: flat butt weld, flat fillet weld, horizontal vertical fillet weld; ‎4: flat butt weld, Hat fillet weld; ‎5: vertical down and position ‎aN ‏ی ری‎ es, ‎ 

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حطس 60060 (60) 0 سم Symbols for Hydrogen Content: Table 4. Symbol for hydrogen content of deposited metal 

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مج ما1 حطس 6060 (0) 0 سم Example: ECrMolB44 HD Covered MMAW Electrode CrMol1 Chemical Composition (Table 1 8 Type of Covering (Basic Cover) 4 Recovery and Type of Current! (Table 3) 4 Welding Position (F Butt & F Fillet Welds) 

صفحه 75:
Coutcy Datertals -Portal List Titania TiO, Wood Pulp, Cryolite, Alumina AIO, , SiO, , Fe,O, Clay , Talc, Sodium Silicate Starch, a. Arc Stabilizers b. Gas-Forming Materials Limestone, CaCO, c. Fluxing agents Witherite, Flurspar d. Slag-Forming Materials Tio, 7 e. Slipping Agents to Glycerin Aid Extrusion f. Binding Agents , Asbestos , Sugar 

صفحه 76:
Ouateride Osed ta Ooveriags 7 Gteel Clecirodes For GD@D a. Arc Stabilizers: .Ovwwos Ouve ___ Tevksird Dawe Rewoks 1. Titania TiO, Frequently used from purified titanium oxide 2. Potassium oxalate 200 Infrequently used 3. Lithium carbonate ‏کر‎ ‎eed‏ جاخ درم مم صق ور[ 

صفحه 77:
Ouateride Osed ta Ooveriags 7 Gteel Clecirodes For GD@D . Gas-Forming Materials: Ovwwes Dawe Tevhuied Dee Rewats . 1. Cellulose Purified wood pulp Principle ingredient in ‏لطر‎ 0 “cellulosic” electrodes 2. Wood flour Raw wood pulp C,H,O, 3. Limestone CaCO; Produces CO and CO, durina welding and 

صفحه 78:
Ouateride Osed ta Ooveriags 7 Gteel Clecirodes For GD@D >. Fluxing Agents: Opus Dawe Derhuird Dae Rewots 1. Cryolite Na,AlFe, Strong fluxing agent 2. Barium fluoride BaF, 3. Lithium fluoride LiF Very effective flux 4. Lithium chloride LiCl Infrequently used 5. Witherite BaCoO, Generates CO and CO, gases, but then Bot pera ee re ai 

صفحه 79:
Ouateride Osed ta Ooveriags 7 Gteel Clecirodes For GD@D . Slag Forming Materials: -Ovwwou Dawe Nevhard One ‏طسق‎ ‎1. Bauxite Alumina Raises melting temp. and increases viscosity of slag 2. Feldspar Alkali type-KnNanAlSi,O, Plagioclases-CaAl,Si,O, 3. Fluospar Fluorite Markedly decreases CaF, viscosity of slag 4. Limenite FeTiO; Impure from of titanium oxide 5. Rutile TiO,(10%Fe) Unrefined 

صفحه 80:
Ouateride Osed ta Ooveriags 7 Gteel Clecirodes For GD@D Slag Forming Materials-Cont.: -Ovwwou Dawe Nevtard Ouve Qewote ‏یب‎ ‎6. Silica Flour Cristobolite Strong acid slag former 7. Wollastonite Calcium silicate CaSio, 8. Dolomite Magnesite Often used for forming slag when melting steel in furnace, but seldom included in electrodes coverings 9. Zirconia Zirconium oxide Infrequently used ‏یب‎ 

صفحه 81:
Ouateride Osed ta Ooveriags 7 Gteel Clecirodes For GD@D Slag Forming Materials-Cont.: -Ovwwou ‏و( هه سوه‎ Qewets ‏یب‎ ‎10. Magnetite Iron oxide Magnetic iron oxide Fe,0, 11. Periclase Magnesium oxideRaises melting temp. and increases viscosity of molten slag 12. Pyrolusite Manganese dioxide MnO, 

صفحه 82:
Ouateride Osed ta Ooveriags 7 Gteel Clecirodes For GD@D Slipping Agents to Aid Extrusion: Oreos Dawe Nechuicd Ose Rew . 1. Bentonite clay Montmorillonite Used where water of constitution can be tolerate 2. Kaoline clay Kaolinite Al,Si,O;(OH) 3. Mica Musovite KAL(Si,Al)O,,(OH), 4. Talc Soapstone Mg;Si,O,,(OH), 5. Glycerine Glycerol Trihydric alchol C;H;(OH); 

صفحه 83:
Ouateride Osed ta Ooveriags 7 Gteel Clecirodes For GD@D > Binding Agents: . 0 ‏مده‎ Dawe Nechuicd awe Reco 5 1. Sodium silicate Water glass Agent most often used Na,O,,SiO,(OH), 2. Potassium silicate K,O,SiO,(OH), 3. Asbestos Crysotile Improves durability baked covering and mixes with slag when melted during welding 4. Dextrine Starch (C;H,,0;) 5. Gum arabic Acacia (C,,O,,H,) 6. Sugar C,(OF), 

صفحه 84:
Outertals Deed ia Ooveriags oo Gteel Plevirodes Por GDPOD Alloying and Deoxidizing Elements: _Ovwwor Dawe Pevhuied Dawe ‏اس‎ ِ 1. Ferrosilicon Usually Silicon is deoxidizer 50% Si + Fe and alloying element 2. Ferroaluminum Usually Strong deoxidier 85% Al + Fe 3. Ferrotitanium Usually Strong deoxidier and 40% Ti + Fe grain refining agent 4. Zirconium alloy 40% Zr + Deoxidier 40% Si + Fe 5. Electro Mn = 100% Most common alloying manganese element 6 Chromium metg] Cr=- 100% 

صفحه 85:
30 10 Typicd Oovertay Portes For Geel GO@O Ctectrodes tI: Material Formulas (Parts by Weight Percent) 34 9 40 15 10 22 © 99 oO 20 15 30 70 6 909 5 55 10 10 40 ec 6000 25 12 15 60 

صفحه 86:
Typicd Oovertay Portes For Geel GO@O Ctectrodes 1 11: Chemical Composition (Percent After Baking) ‎erode | ora‏ | © | 86006 | مدهو ه ‏9090 ‏14.4 25.5 مه 15.4 46.0 101 و76 11.0 152 و0 20.5 200 200 23.6 220 وم ‎PLO, 5.0 23 28 2.0‏ ‎OO 32 20 28 12 20‏ 50 57 وهی 30.7 7.0 13 ممم ‎‘gO 3 24 ee 17‏ 12 0« 25 28 1.0 15 11 1 ‎Ou 28 25 40 2.0 18‏ 28.5 28 © 12.0 20.2 ,005 & 00 ‎Oxtor 25.0‏ عون ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 

صفحه 87:
GOO BOdatages ° Easily implemented | ° Inexpensive ° Flexible ° Not as sensitive to part fit-up variances 

صفحه 88:
جعب هم 8) ° Equipment relatively easy to use, inexpensive, portable ° Filler metal and means for protecting the weld puddle are provided by the covered electrode * Less sensitive to drafts, dirty parts, poor fit-up ° Can be used on carbon steels, low alloy steels, stainless steels, cast irons, copper, nickel, aluminum 

صفحه 89:
° Discontinuities associated with manual welding process that utilize flux for pool shielding ° Slag inclusions ° Lack of fusion ° Other possible effects on quality are porosity, and hydrogen cracking 

صفحه 90:
Licvitaivas ° Low Deposition Rates ] ° Low Productivity 00١ ° Operator Dependent 

صفحه 91:
Oker Licvitaicas ° Heat of welding too high for lead, tin, zinc, and their alloys ° Inadequate weld pool shielding for reactive metals such as titanium, zirconium, tantalum, columbium 

صفحه 92:
وو وم[ Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.): ٠ Wood (cellulose) and limestone are added to the coating on SMAW Electrodes for gas shielding. What gases might be formed? ۰ How do these gases shield? 

صفحه 93:
Cleoirvde Required een @vcordery t POG Electrode Size Radicgraphic Test® AWS: Current and Chemical All-Weid-Metal Impact Fillet Classification Polarity in, 0 Analysis Teasion Test! Test! Weld Test" 2 Eee 1 9 ie aR kano te 2 = in ‏و‎ ie oe % 64 NR 3 2 4 3 % 0 ‏اما‎ te ‏الإ‎ tae ۳ we wee BL GG ۳ i 5 can 3106 7 3 i 9 ‏ام‎ ‎2 0 NR F ۴ 4 7 3 wn ۶ wee cant ‏د سس‎ i 1 5 ‏ی‎ ‎2 i 9 1 ‏سل‎ ths ie i 5 5 ‏عامافط‎ testa we moe 01 ‏م فد وید‎ i 1 mt Vigor is 2 = 0 ie 1 [۱ rows aR we wee ۳ ‏وه‎ moe ‏مق‎ 3 i ‏5ك‎ 1 Rn Bw 3 i ۳ 32 NR ne wR wR oes tte 1 i 1 ‏مع‎ far fat 2 % a Ne 1۳ tn aston 1 a NR 3 ‏ع‎ ‎E6022 ‘at and deen % 32 NR NR wR WR ‎Im, NR ۷ mR mR‏ .5 400 — که ‎ ‎ 

صفحه 94:
Blevtirode Required Vest: Chewird Paapsis Note 9: WELD — winTH ۳ im ae —| “ert The minimum completed pad size - “seo = shall be at least four layers m height (H) with length (L) and width (W) sufficient to perform ‏جوع‎ analysis, The sample for analysis ‏سک‎ naan shall be taken at least 1/4 in. (6.4 BASE METAL FORVEST/ASSEMBEIES iginal base metal ‏سم سورب‎ Base Metal UNS AWS Classification Type ۸5۲۷ ۵ ۱ A131 Grade B Ko2102 All Carbon steel A289 Grade A Ko1700 A2e5 Grade B Ko2200 A285 Grade C Ko2801 A263 Grade D All except 70۵ Carbon steel 5۰ Ko2600 A29 Grade 1015 Gi0150 ۸29 Grade 1020 G10200 

صفحه 95:
@kotode Required Test: Chewicd Pooler k for Chemical 75 Weld Bloc 

صفحه 96:
Blevtirode Required Vest: Chewird Paapsis yhemical Composition Requirements for Weld Metz Welgtt, Percent! AWS UNS* eee Classification ‘Number c Mn si P 5 ‏الا‎ cr Mo ‏لا‎ ‏ممما مه‎ ‏ما هه‎ ‏تع‎ Wowoiz ‏فص ...مه‎ ‏مه‎ Wosoio ‏ما وف‎ 0 ‏هم‎ ‏میت‎ Wowo27 ‏فصو مضع‎ Emie ‏ون مد موی لسن‎ WetSpedfed ‏موه مق مه‎ 0a ‏هی‎ Woroay ‏مج مضع‎ ‏جع‎ Worois | ‏موه هد موس‎ NetSpedfed ‏مه‎ 0.20 050 0a Erte Woroza emg areas | Nak Speed ‏مد‎ oso Net Spedfed oso 020 030 008 دمه ا ده هده كته 265ية ‏ 5دقهة ‏ 080 ‎oaz o4otor.60‏ مدموا ‎EvoieM‏ 

صفحه 97:
levirode Required Dest: Peusiva ‏ک‎ 19 Test Assembly Showing Location of Test Specimen 1 لمیر سب لب ی | 191/7 ۷۶۵ ۰ 56010 ‏هه‎ = WELD | SECTION BB a Orientation and Orientation and Location of Location of Impact Test All-Weld Metal Tension Snerimen Teast Snerimen 

صفحه 98:
levirode Required Dest: Peusiva ‏ک‎ 19 Tension Test Specimen: = SSS OT treet ۳ ۰ ۰ ra 2 ‏ات نت‎ 0 ae 2 ‏نتاس‎ Tanz 0005 a we 9 ود Tension Test Specimen for E 6022: ‎al‏ رس ‎ ‎9 ‎۲] ‏ال‎ ‎fg ۳ 7۳۳۳ a eee ‎ ‎ 

صفحه 99:
Elongation In 2 In, (50.8 mm) Percent 22 22 17 17 22 22 not specified 22 17 22 22 22 16 22 22 22 24 Tevsivd & 1۳۳ MPA 331 331 331 331 331 331 not specified 331 399 399 399 399 399 399 399 399 365-496" BClorode Required Test. Tension Test Requirements: Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset ksi 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 5372“ MPa 414 414 414 414 414 414 414 414 482 482 482 482 482 482 482 482 482 Tensile Strength ksi 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 note g AWS Classification Eeo1o Eeo11 Eeo1z Eeo13 E6019 Eeozo Eeoze? Eeoz7 E7014 E7015 E7016 918 7024 E7027 E7028 E7048 E7018M 

صفحه 100:
levirode Required Dest: Peusiva ‏ک‎ 19 Impact Test Specimen: emer hese, ‏حا‎ 1 مس و اسب ‎goo 20001 AOUS‏ تسش ‎PETAL OF‏ ‎aren‏ ‎Impact Test Requirements:‏ زا ‎ie Limits for 3 out of 5 Specimens‏ ‎Classification Average, Min. Single Value, Min. 56010, 56012, 1 20 fb at ~20°F 15 ft at -20°F ey (27 J at ~ 29°C) (20 J at -29°C) E7027, E70488 E6019 20 ft-lb at o°F ‏طلغ كد‎ at o°F E7028 (27 J at 18°C) (20 J at 18°) 66020, 2 Not Specified Not Specified ‎E6012, £6013, ۲7014, 2 ۱ ‎ ‎ 

صفحه 101:
‎Delt Pest‏ صلن) :122 لحصشچحه) علسسعاه ‎Positions of Test Plates for Welding Fillet Weld Test‏ ‎ ‎was‏ صب سمي يعر ‏ماو منم ‎ ‎0 ‎ 

صفحه 102:
‎Delt Pest‏ صلن) :122 لحصشچحه) علسسعاه ‎equirements for Preparation of Fillet Weld Test Assemblies‏ ‎‘sembly Si? ‎ ‎ ‎‘i ‏مومسم‎ Thi Leng, Min. ‏عد‎ Fle Weld Ste 3 Poston 2 a oe 1 ‎ ‎Dimensional Requirements for Fillet Weld Usability “aes Test SBBbimen “tawers. ‎a ™ 3 cs 3 % 32 3 12 Ya ۰ 7 0 32 2 2 tou ‏مه‎ Me ‏عد‎ ie Lb 7 ae fe 1s x 20 x re ۳" 7 ‏و‎ 24 Ys 7a Me 1s % 2۰ % a0 3 20 3 32 ‎ ‎ 

صفحه 103:
Ctecirode Required Pest: Pihet Det! Vest Alternative Methods for Facilitating Fracture of the fillet Weld FRACTURIN FRACTURING. FORCE FORCE REINFORCING Maximum, epee 1UM DEPTH ‘OF NOTCH = 1/2 WEE ACTUAL THROAT (A) REINFORCING WELDS (C) NOTCHING FRACTURING FORCE ۷0 WEB 14 WIOTH OF FLANGE FLANGE (®) OFFSET OF WEB 

صفحه 104:
Clotirode Required Nest! Prasverse Peusiza Test ‎TRANSVERSE TENSION‏ سس سس ‎TEST SPECIVEN‏ لب تست ‎(GEE FIGURE 9; Ti mn oiscaao ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎10 MN ‎ ‎LONSTUDINAL BEND TEST SPECIMEN ‎(SEE FIGURE 10) ae ‘1 Eeuvaente ‏م ‎ ‏سور ‎ROOT OPENING‏ 

صفحه 105:
Clectirods Qequred Test: Prod Test AS REQUIRED > 1 1-6 ۷ — اي 2 = 

صفحه 106:
Clecirode Required Pest: Radiographic Test a Radiographi c Soundness Requiremen 

صفحه 107:
] 6 Required Dest: Dvisture Ovatedut Test “SCHWARTZ” TYPE ABSORPTION U TUBE CONTAINING ANHYDROUS MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE, FURNACE FUSED SICA COMBUSTION TUBE ‘NICKEL BOAT rite (4 ANHYDROUS MAGNESIUM PERCHLORATE ORYING TOWER ire =(A-B)/Weight of Sample A: Final Weight of Moisture Absorb System B: Primary Weight of Moisture Absorb System Percent Mois 

صفحه 108:
‎Required Vest: Doisture Ovaeu Nest‏ جل سا ‎sture Content Limits in Electrode Coverings ۳۳۴۵۱ Molsture Content, ‎96 by Wt, Max. AWS Electrode As-Recelved or Classification Designation Conditioned* As-Exposed” E7015 E7015 E7016 Er E7016-1 E7018 E7018 { oY 06 Not specified E7028 £7028 2. E7048 E7048 T=27°C 0 ‏سد‎ ١ | 89/8076 E7016 { a T=9hr ۳ pia 0.3 0.4 { 7018-18 E7028 E7028R E7048 E7048R ‎£7018M £7018M 91 0.4 ‎ 

صفحه 109:
GOO Peckaicd (Priats