صفحه 1:
صفحه 2:
What is a salt marsh?
* “A community of emerged halophytic
vegetation in areas alternately
inundated and drained by tidal action.”
° “Expansive inter- or supratidal areas
occupied by rooted emergent vascular
macrophytes and a variety of
epiphytes and epifauna.”
Emerged: sticking out of the water; Halophytic: salt-loving;
Inundated: flooded; macrophyte: plant that’s large enough
to see; epiphyte: plant growing on another organism but not
a parasite; epifauna: animal version of epiphyte
صفحه 3:
Where are salt marshes
found?
* Along intertidal shore of estuaries
- Flat, protected waters
* Extensive from Maine-Florida, along
Gulf coast from Florida-Texas
¢ In FL, most abundant north of the
freeze line (70% of state’s salt
marsh)
صفحه 4:
The salt marsh community
* Plants
- Marsh grasses
- Associated halophytic (salt-tolerant)
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* Animals
- Permanent residents
- Visitors
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صفحه 6:
Associated plants
* Many are succulent
- Exceptions include saltgrass'”
glasswort, sea purslane)
* Form transitional zone
between salt marsh and
maritime hammock
صفحه 7:
Salt marsh zonation
* Intertidal— Spartina, Juncus
٠ High marsh (above mean high water)
—Distichlis spicata, Batis maritima,
Salicornia spp., Borrichia sp., Sueda
linearis, Limonium carolinanum
¢ Upper edge of high marsh—/va
frutescens, Baccharis halmifolia
* Marsh-mangrove transition zone
صفحه 8:
Resident animals
¢ Littorina irrorata
- Marsh periwinkle (snail)
* Crabs
- Fiddler crabs (Uca spp.)
- Marsh crabs (Sesarma sp
وتيك کت
- Ribbed mussel ' 7
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¢ The majority of commercially-
important marine species rely on
estuaries/salt marsh at some stage
of life
- Examples include blue crab, oysters,
hard clams, shrimp, red drum,
seatrout, sheepshead, bluefish, mullet
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Productivity
* Biological term—amount of carbon
produced per m? per unit time
- 3 kg (ash free dry weight)/m?/year
- Limiting factors include nutrients, light
* Salt marsh plants provide detritus for
the estuarine food web
- Few grazers on blades (< 10% of
biomass)
- Large detrital biomass supports broad
food web
صفحه 13:
Partial salt marsh food
web
Dolphins
Mussel
Zooplankto
nf
Detritus ۱
Phytoplankt
on
صفحه 14:
* Feeding grounds
* Microhabitats ee
centile toh.
دده و a uals 0/7
علأوناوم-
a
ater depth, dissolved oxygen
- Sedimentation
صفحه 15:
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