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Inactivity
and Chronic
Disease
“Indeed, with the
possible exception
of diet modification,
we know of no
single intervention
with greater
promise than
physical exercise to
reduce the risk of
virtually all chronic
diseases
simultaneously”
Booth et al, JAP 2000
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ECU
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“there has been an
epidemic Cost of
emergence of .
modern chronic Chronic
diseases in the Disease
latter part of the
20" century”
“costs in the USA
are now
approaching $1
trillion”
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Only
fighting half
of the
battle:
being
reactive
¢Medical research
and treatment is
focused almost
entirely on
secondary and
tertiary prevention
كنت
prevention is
cheaper, more
effective, and far
less painful
3
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“There is no pharmacological
intervention that holds a greater
promise of improving health and
promoting independence in the
elderly than does exercise”
Evans & Campbell, Journal of ae
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*leading cause of death
among Australians in Cardiovasc
2000
°49,741 deaths or 39% 192 16
of all deaths. . .
*coronary heart disease in Australia
53%
*stroke 25%
eheart failure 5%
*peripheral vascular
disease 5%
Australian Institute of Health and
Welfare
a A NAPS aTia te TI RATER OND:
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ac ce A Ce ale aca al م۱
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*Loss of muscle
mass and function
°60% of over 80yrs
eAnabolic exercise
most effective
strategy to prevent
or reverse
sarcopenia
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Grdunds, M.D. Biogerontology, 2002
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* Diabetes is the a
world's fastest
22 Diabetes
It's Australia's sixth
leading cause of
death
*Over one million
Australians have it —
but 50% are as yet
unaware
eFvery 10 minutes
someone is Giagnhes eri tahetesaustralia.com:au/
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Age-specific prevalence of
impaired glucose tolerance, 1999-
2000
Age (years) Men% Women
2
4.9 2.1 ماري
8.5 4.8 35-44
112 5.4 45-54
ae) 192 55-4
)22,9 70۳۹ 65-74
20:7 25:5 7۳
Source: Dunstan et al. 2001.
*Metabolic stage between normal
and diabetes
*Risk factor for Type 2 diabetes
°Also greater risk of heart disease
Much higher in physically inactive
AE Be ets a
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ECU
¢“In addition to controlling
weight, physical activity
also improves the body’s
رصتلاعط متا وا تاتوجهو
helping to lower blood
sugar.”
¢“Even a single bout of
vigorous physical activity
will have an immediate
effect on insulin sensitivity.”
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°Exercise improves
insulin resistance
*Beneficial for Resistan
preventing and
treating type 2 ce ۲
diabetes Exercise
e Aerobic exercise and
hindered in older, ۰
obese, co-morbid Diabetes
patients
eAnabolic exercise
sate and effective Willey and Singh. Diabetes Care,
c 2003
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Physical
Activity
and
Diabetes
*It is estimated that
appropriate levels of
physical activity could
prevent 30-50% of
new cases of Type 2
diabetes
*Benefits for
preventing and
treating diabetes
occur only with
regular sustained
physical activity
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Anabolic
Exercise
and
Osteoporo
sis
61 ۵۷ 1 Archives of Physical Medicine &
Rehahilitatinn 2002
°Evidence is conclusive
*Lifelong physical
9۵2۱۵2۵۱2 999۵6
preventative effect
eAnabolic exercise -
greatest efficacy
°Example*
°1 year study of
strength and
endurance training
°1.3% increase BMD
in training group
°1.2% decrease fo
(+2۹
۳
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*Increased function e.g.
stair climb and descend,
chair rise, walking Anabolic
*Reduced ratings of Exercise
pain
Reduced stiffness
*Studies report anabolic 2 2۵
exercise to be “safe,
effective and well
tolerated. in OA
patients”
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Anabolic
Exercise
and
Rheumatoi
d Arthritis
Hakkinen, A. 2002 and 2003
°Feasible and safe in
selected patients with
well-controlled RA
*Significant
improvements in
strength, pain, and
fatigue Without
exacerbating disease
activity or joint pain.
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*People who are
physically inactive are <
nearly twice as likely to Physical
develop colon cancer ivi
(Colditz et al. 1997). activity
¢Physical activity is also and
associated with around
a 30% reduction in the oe
risk of women of all risk
ages developing breast
cancer
(Thune & Furberg
22001
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*Disease and treatment
usually results in
debilitating fatigue
Research examining
exercise programs pre
surgery and/or during
treatment
¥ Increased vigor
¥ Reduced muscle and bone
loss
¥ Enhanced immune
function
Y Possible increase survival
Y Positive psvchological
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¢Physical inactivity - risk Mental
1ه Illness,
¢Mechanism unknown
¢Physical activity - strong
positive effect
¢Slows progression of
disease
eAgeing population -
dementia will become
major problem
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eEpidemiological
studies into Alzheimer
disease indicates
physical activity ~
appears beneficial, as
does a diet with high
levels of vitamins B6,
B12 and folate, while
red wine in moderate
quantities also appears |
protective
Epidemiolo
De A eR ee ES eee eRe
Yee gE a eee ee meee ELE
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Cholesterol aa
¢Exercise and nutrition demonstrated
effects on:
*Lowered TC
*Lowered LDL-C
eIncreased HDL-C
*Lowered triglycerides
Scranton, R,, et al. Predictors of 14-year changes in the total cholesterol to
۱ a ea Ie الفمسمل تمع سمعتع صا .صعتم صذ
147)6(:1033-1 038, 4
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Hypertension
*Exercise can lower BP in patients with
stage 1 and 2 essential hypertension
eAverage reduction in BP is 10.5 mm Hg
ee
Kokkinos, P. F., P. Narayan, and V. Papademetriou.
001 Hertel ieee ae oe 3
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Obesity and Overweight aa
Combination of exercise and dietary
modification is the only effective long-
term strategy for controlling body,
weight 3 ۳
ae
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°Multifactorial Falls -
۰۲۳۵1۱06 0۴ 0۳۹1۱0۵1 ۵
2/۸
interventions
proven successful
eAnabolic exercise
reverse loss of
muscle strength
and slows bone
loss - critical
ا ينا
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وی
Your MOTHER /s MAKING OUTSTANDIN
PROGRESS WITH HER HIP REPLACEMENT,
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Edith
Cowan
Universit
Seen eae ar 77 هل ناو
Oe pea eee eaters
ECU's origins go back to 1902 when it began as a
Peerage ma SORT ee
506020 ل Te
۱ esa Oe eee)
Churchlands, Mount Lawley and Joondalup and a
regional campus in Bunbury, a city 200kms south of
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Dee Re Ree ee eee ge ec
Den Eee eee Bat ea rere
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lore te ee eM er tas oe eet)
Pee ee aed eae eee ema براتصب
ا ae AE ae Sh ie Aa ور
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°Certificates - 0 ort ۱
offered ۲
ا لدان Fxercis 6
0 Science
Wellness
*Degrees offered :3
*Bachelor of Science 0 ” 1۳۹
(Sports Science)
*Masters and PhD by
research
إلا
, °*Masters of Exercise
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لامع
ECU Wellness
°Training and
certification
* Professional
development
2 F/O ap ye Ltn eye سك بسي
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wwgh-ecu.edu.au