صفحه 1:
Once Gevea
(eran Danie (Processes
صفحه 2:
A rie Vaz
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صفحه 3:
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صفحه 4:
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۱ ا ake Prat eny
صفحه 5:
للا ل ۱۹۱/۹0٩۱2۹2۹
20006
٩ ۱ 2 ات ا نز Giepe
صفحه 6:
Grow را(
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bel essere رک کتک ا رت
۲ ما اراک رس مر
الا مسر روا موم 1
exc ach @ lat Nn Paci cact
یرو Oss Oot (Otay)
Or aed 5
صفحه 7:
۱ کر in the C 2
اسر(
information is Hold joint discussion duct a simpli
limited and interpret goals local search
Managers have and problems
many constraint Use established
Share opinions procedures if
appropriate
Establish problem
Managers have priorities Create a solution
diverse goals ifneeded
opinions, values, Obtain social support
experience for problem, solution
‘Adopt the first
alternative
that is acceptable
to the coalition
صفحه 8:
لاک لب رس ما٩ 2 4۳
اسر(
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ee eee kaa
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« م0
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meray
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si
he kad
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0
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0
صفحه 9:
7 از رد۱ ار را
مس( ما بت رم رم ۹
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PROBLEM SOLUTION
When problem solution is
problem identification is uncertain,
Uncertain, applies applies
Political and social process is Incremental, trial-and-error
Needed Process Is needed
Build coalition, seek agreement, Solve big problems in little steps
And resolve conflict about goals
And problem priorities Recycle and try again when
blocked
صفحه 10:
(0 ا 2 (eine
Oevisiog Oodels
Certain
Individual: Individual:
Rational Approach Bargaining, Coalition
Computation Formation
Organization:
Carnegie Mot
Individual: @ individual
Judgment Bargaining and Judgment
Trial-and-error Inspiration and Imitation
Organization
Organization: ie and Incremental
Incremental Deci
Process Model
Uncertain
صفحه 11:
A ne ee eae a 6 مرا
0ن 0
رس رز عند اك ONC