صفحه 1:
Ouversity DP Outs, Dark 02-6 , 2000©
Gat Pb (Professor of Pronto
@hivsophy, Ouversipy oP dpudshya,
Soi VF, soci.pihbstrre7 @belstah.Fi)
صفحه 2:
Course proynnne
٠ Ded, Dack @: Obst is sviewe? The svieuiPic
اس Dke vies ond yous oP svieue. Daturcisa
und retaivisw,.
۰ Dru, Dack 9: Phe issue oP لته redisw.
Aeteoduciag progpemaist philyepphy oP svicare (ia retatiod
to the redo issue ord your).
٠ Cr, Dack 91 Praxpvatisw (oad its history) io the
phospho? له سوت لین لت )یی
صاج ,تا
— Dhe ponivipoots ooo presect their pw brieP papers,
صفحه 3:
۰ ات0 و۵ "tede”, "svieta’):
رو متسه با
= he research prowess
= he resulslovuieuis oP svieuiic research (he svieuiic workbiew)
° "Guiewr is systewatic, rofivod! osquistica oP ce .ای
((heaparccta & Dircihuviz)
= Ohetis (sew, previously uokwwa) huowkke? (he chesicd عسي
DP :ارس iusiPied true belek)
= Oho ما روط sviewse wad ee where)?
= Whee spetewuticiy (jo sieuce ued cbewhere)?
مد او - اه راشای ,نموه لها ,لوا ری *
سره متسود
صفحه 4:
۱6 ۲7۲۲۱ 77
* Cotecce (oad Peckwkpy) Gtudies (SPC): taterdsrizkrary,
P ).
#توصاصكاتها لمه ججمجاعد نا اطعا Okt exaniy -
ها ۱
ewpiricd).
= Phe و ار وان does و راو Posts che ¢ srr
اطع بط whol scieuce cach iy be the. (OP. the زمره of
روص فارطا
Pore bebePs but wits how we لهچ جروت اس اوه صز اه
our beket is.) بكلاصم Pore ord تايس
صفحه 5:
(Phivsvphy oP sviewe und other ureus
oP phivsophy
*) @roblews to the phipsophy oP sciewse ure deeply وی wit
other philssophicd problecws, :كج
= Detaphysice: do the objects اه راو اما او مه و ver
(ord oF رما مقس etv.)? (Nhe probe of redisw.)
= Cpetewriy: whol ts sviecihic honwedke? ((Phicsophy of مه موه
bee sees اس رومام ای تام مرو و مه spent exes oP
اس سوه (
= Dowie! what (vakd) srieciic Pereace tive?
له ما مس و وه بل توا اه روا
trv or موجهل rePer to iadepeadeaty existe euies, oad are 0[
Rabe (a the correspoadeare sree)?
= @kics oad pottical phicsophyt & scieuse حابن رسای و سای
fet oP rehired cert srt و موه و ما
= @hicsophy of rekon: does soieare reP ute rebyirr?
صفحه 6:
نی ان روام‌مسوزط)
qeurrd ud speviul
@everd phivsophy oP sviews! problews cowed to of تمه
disviplues (iactudy the hucvouiies): tru, iPereue, explacatiog
میج Pir.
Gpecid problesws ia retoioe to dPPeredt svieditic disvipiues, r.
حا عجان عدت سفن لجس قفي (Phivsophy of wahewutos! de =
swutkedaticdl truth?
35 بعسعه أ مسو اسع جو سور سسا امسو
اه اه رال جما of We, سوه حصا :نووصاماطا شان بوامصوصاد!0) =
جملا اه وود oP the post, the رو با ترا اه روا
او جوا ,امن با مورا inukvalues oP chairs
و بط ,مه له تاو وه of edison: روط
etc.? .ونا
صفحه 7:
= هایس ond نصا ore oot
son Por there oust sche.
— freinnmeddtiow: kunwiecke
koe poly ireirocrectal vokir, ct
reer سا 0۵
= ‘Prt (homuutecke) & uckicbe
oe sunk, Por ts pura sche
سس vo).
— OP. soso redsw! here bo
تراهط سب او
CPs, oad srieure ors of
بل out what i's the.
صفحه 8:
٠ OO woderde راهمجممطود ع9 موم اتود ما وله شوه
valuable ood upphouble to practical problew-solvie, eves thous
the priory wotivativa Por seehioy hoowledye is ut iostrvectal
۱ vurivsity.
* @usic research: howledgeliruks Por its puva sake.
— Gordes ue of re (or ruhthe) heores obou he way he world يها
* Oppled research: ردو volvable hoowledye, upplicable صا
provticd problews.
= Opp ing he resus oP busic research, svicuists مق اه علقي ةاجن دجيف
to various problews we Pace it cur practices.
= "Qesin sviewe” (Dickow): desiqnay ها موه و u pracicd problew, etc.
صفحه 9:
Goiewe ud uso interests
8 Ringed Woberwes! coturd svieuce is wotivated by o teckoicdl
foterest (qoverciay ature), he hua sviewes by a
موه وه interest (lberoticg موی و وم
چا خاه ال سا رصوله تشه امسطو) سامت موه
ری )"مساو Workkever).
۱ iedepesdtedt oP teckoicd dowicaticd oP
ature possible ot ol?
— © wopr issue io sview» ued .تام نو اوه Gkould svieuiPic researc
مود be seu os a tool Por busiwess, cad soviet ki لسعو
— Dhe vole-ldewuess vs. volue-iedepeodeuse oF svieuiPic research (we
wil retura to this problew ia dur course).
صفحه 10:
Oppled موه
۰ راو the results oP applied researck ore unt thevreticad
stitewedits ubout the way the world is (as ia basic research) but
صا ادمرب بر :وه ولمم achieve youl, امه تور مج
و (cP. vod Orkt (G09).
= AP pou wad ty ure « poled wik od kPeviva, pou pucht iy use catbirios.
= AP pow wad اص سرع نيا موسو روات جد Per pour custear
bowb, pou puch tp buikd a like this...
ارت اه لنوت سوه ورس ما ارت مت و بط .0.0 +
Nhere ty days roo Por اف oy based we wt wordy موی
مج اجه ,سیم و نمهب و udkrticad deresica of what hied of
— ره نطو hue rufkvolues! they ore true or Pulse stoteweuts واه
he retatoas betwera ukvs aed he weuus uevessary Por uckieviey those
55-3
صفحه 11:
اوه له وا مرن ماو وه بو و() ۰
reseurck in, exp, he Polpwiey svieuitic disviplives:
— Dediice
- @yricuhurd sview?
— Education
— Potticd sviewe
= AWistory (oP ideas)
٠ 4s it dhuwoys possible to drow uo cleo distociion betvero basic ood
upped research? مرو ,حون the wost "basic" research
problews witht be wotvated by the potectial opplicabiipy oP the
results oP research.
صفحه 12:
© Cows eto: epistewe (hu wiedke) us. tebtrer (shill).
— Pevkaloqy: tehbor + ype, "the study/doviriee oP shits”.
41s teckarloyy just upplied sviewe, or the poustructioa oP opplicaicas
upon upphed research? Or is (ooutewporery) هتسه سوه
depecdedt vo tect?
— Goiews (day) cevessody requries .عدصت أدصكصاصكامجا ه
- Revwbyy coo be urdersiond very brody (oP. doba Dewep,
beny ‘Wickwen): cay tools ioteliqewtly used to provi huevert
purposes ore techurlogical — tochudiary, e-g., hrc.
* Phipsyphy oP teckurlowpy studies the catune oP ای از مامتها یی
اه موه ع و جر ۳ مرج(
(Qewry, ‘Lickcan).
© Gotiewe ocd teconlogy studies? tobtay serivusly the tevlavloyical coctext
oP woders sviewe. Ooreraiviy?
صفحه 13:
اسب امه ۳
٠ جلا جز إمجا(ل) #جخالمجامد جاصعصوصر جز ددا( dePiciiza oP, or the:
امه ,سا اس wetkod’?
* او امه لا عه با طسو مصاج
© Dke problew of dewrarmation (Kad Popper (OS®): how to
dower betwerd svieure od pseudo-sviewe (.y.,
wetuphysics — oP. logic exwpirivisw, the Oieoca Circle)?
- 0.0. Pseude-sciews wee wt be cooP used wi wwersviewe. Cleat,
رتور اه هه را و
yropkoby, ۲۹0
رح are ان سي رال
مله د مط يه حيو اس ی وا و ع اروت brat
PUP ke orierta احاتم عنا نا لمحسه مه تاه تسه و
صفحه 14:
»]۱۳ لاس نزمه (cod)
۰ ast etfs ) “مسد د
wethod), or are there sever?
- )( صاصلجحاصب عس) جمطوصبه امس عصام وداج opicvisw): there is
امه او وه بان wethod, ood tooo be discovered
(CP. logicd exopirivisw, the uaiy oP sviewe wovewent).
— QDetkodolodicdl plurdisc: there ore severd dPPeredt, equal
vorrent svicditic wethods (e.y., rePlectiogy the diPPereaves of
sviewes).
— Radic لاه تام coarchisw (Pout
اوه" سس qwes!”) — oP. rekiiview.
صفحه 15:
»]۱۳ لاس نزمه (cod)
Chores G. Peirce, "Phe Pixctiva oP BeticP” (JOP? ): Pour
(d) the wethod oP tecrariy
(©) the wethod oP cuthoriy
(9) the wetkod oP whol is cqreruble to نش هموح
wetkod, the o pripri wethod)
() the svieuiPic wethod
زج مور امه رود OP wt روط رل erterim © ع
hick, hope, et.
- One bebe shank be Pec bye” سبحم لصي"
"المحدي ذا ما خن لول سا مه وه او سا اس
وه و اجان مور تم مسجت با وا ماع(
(hick Peirce Poured).
صفحه 16:
»]۱۳ لاس نزمه (cod)
On the busts oP Prince's (oad vikers’) مه عط من ناه
wetkod, we swap exophusize the Pollpuien "corer sioces” oF
)روط لت piers):
وان -
— Publicay
وحومهة الس -
— GeP-corevivewss
تون
= Proyessvewss
robles: who is supposed to set these criteria, Prow whic
perspenive, vo what yrurds? Is this the tosh oP the phivsophy
DP sviewe, or of the sviediPic وللیی موی research
] ite?
= Drexkiond (cuicaepus) vs. ccturdkzed phibsophy of svicae!
صفحه 17:
۰ وا یی( is op Pirst philpsopkp” — a cutpuowous
phivsvphicd persperive over und ubpve svicue seh (D.O.
Quine).
° Roker, sviews vad phizsophy (of scieue) west be sero oF
موه wis Pack viker.
— Dhe problew of vircukriy: P sviewe toe, iestead oP aay prior, sore
ی
وا موه تا وی و خر و اما
DU IORTVE orients, does ١ ave oy Poverciiz ot ol?
- AWew does this sitvatioa dPPer Pros, e.x., the اهلد جرا
hike thatthe Bible establishes itr owe auhoriy as a sacred tex?
* Octurdish choheayes the trediiccd corweive woture oF the
phivsophy of scieuce! the worws oP svieuihic research vaca be
estublshed Pro vutside svieuce.
صفحه 18:
Crow vaturdisc 0 ۶اه
© Oe wo shetck the Policy loose argued
٠ )0( Octurdiisc: there is op First phipsophy thot could woreaively
وه مار مس is, or whet it vught to be, Pow o
perspective Wag vutside svivue tse. (Prewise.)
: yecerd phivsophicd ۳
were pseudo-problew. (Polos Pro (1). Phe structure oP tke
unnpedt could be wade wore explicit by oddiag the prewise that
the oriterta oP sviewe vod cy be setled either svieure-intercrly
Dr svirure-extercly.)
صفحه 19:
(coud) دددان ۲ 9 اهنت م۳
(0) Chere و ری لح و oF the Kistoricd phase of the
و او وه و وس وه راو shares
whol i (pod, proper, باه ,(0) اجه () مجاهت سوه (م
سا و موه وا تن اهامای رو deat
pests.)
(8) Chere oe, nthe hetry of بصوب اس وه تسد الط وه
موه تس of the orienta oP (cord, proper, correrd) scieare ocd of
و توا ی و موه وم مص بجي و تور
of Peat, مرا . Cat parenkprm, soiree هام (
(8) Therefore, we wast aocept مرها the oniterta of srieare (cr
و رو rekive to the historical stage oF scieare (or a paniokae
sviedPir devipkar), u ((Cuboiea) parudkey, u perspevive pr pool oP view, 3
ration, o bool scully oxi, 0 uke, a sped cox! or sere cher
that wohes tt posable Por خی io pursue their decipher.
(Poke Pron (2) ond (#).)
صفحه 20:
(Prow مارا 0 متسه (coud)
Dke ore ubove is unt strictly deductively valid but ot Pasi
be trocsPorwed into a wore explicit, تمه لا راو هصن جلك by
oiddicy rehively obvious prewises.
i seews thot relaiview Polls Proce the coturaist decial oF there
the worwolve criteria oF the svieciPic wethod.
Cholleoge! is there a wide ycued optic available, وی ه
Por oF coturdisc wis wo reodicdly reliivist couse quedces?
(Oe'l exaiee this issue fo ماو io بولطم اج of
.ند (
صفحه 21:
رشاو خام جووسرص ”)
Oord retaivisc
Coxnitive rehtivisc
= Couephed (vapbyrd) relive
= Percept reiivisw (cP. he hear ood coacepHadeucess oF
observe)
(retaivicw abut truth) رما ال
otters oF اس واه ال تیاه شا شا مورا
retiree)
Ov exhaustive survey oP dPRered rehtivisws is possible here.
Oor ov 11 ioplicg thot word ood ارت وضو شوه
ws be costly distacuishuble.
ی موه ,لصو رای "Relive to...”
صفحه 22:
(#مكنهمادم أن جدمتمصججمه رون oe DP
شاه موی تن .0.0
رسمه عمط ۳:۵
QO. Ceperubeud: ucarchiow, "copihiy yes”, وود wethod”
سای رصم مرو الم ترس QR.
O. Proc! caturd veiployical atitude (DO)
Ol these (very dPPerect) upprouckes — ta the phipsvphy oP وت
cand elsewhere — risk lostey troes-multurdl ced tecas-paradigeratie
و وت لها زره dew) exavples oP لا دكت مشاه مج
۱ rekttivists!
(Buen راصح" مصجا مها موه تم هو every ierbiva is ll
ای ارام مرو جا ما خر موه موه
tre? امه Phiv): te rehiview were )موه مایب =
صفحه 23:
° Dke problew of rehiiview ts 0 ovestoct choleage tc the phivsophy
DP sview, espevidty coturdized phipsuphy oP sviewe rejection
trodtiiccdl "Pirst philpsopkp”. 411 cacast be avoided; cor skoukd we
siwply suo to retaivisw.
* Octuraists ane right to reject way ubsvhutely cuiowswous, svieweE-
exterod "Pirst phiysvphy”, but hey risk som Picton oorcativiiy ord
ولج up wits (rocicd) retativisc.
° Oe west oooinuvusl seek the widde youd: تاره و
adequate coturdisc, a Porc of cotucdiss whick دن جاح
(but werely reierprets or revouveptudizes) the tretiiccrad
wrwdive task of the phipsvphy oF sviewsr.
صفحه 24:
Pragwutst philpsophy oP sview er
* @raxpvotisw is vor trodiica io the philsophy oP وتو
(ced philvsophy wore yecerdy) thot hopes to oPRer
suck u widde youd.
٠ Chesicd prageuist phipsophers (oP svieure):
— OG. Peirce — the svieuiPic wetkod
— Otho dawes — perkups اه و تسوا و Pields (&.u.,
رم خن روهار
- اه تسوا تاه موه تاه - روررو(ا) ول iaquiry
— GW. Dead — prexpvatsdw oad the soci sviewes
— Devprenpvatists: Rony, Witaqy Putco, et of.
صفحه 25:
له رانا رعنومومم(۳)
وتو oP وس عاا
Co فص اه جر وا - مه (ططل) وه مور or
is a trubs-serbiay ctv? مجهت وجل سام نجل لمات بول سمو
( ماه جر )و اه روبص و6
019 desorpive quesion: hay svieuce bees, or should abe, ه
inuk-sechiny anivip; have صاصادجي سم believed iio be, oad shoud they have?
Ron's phaoordits! secrets ("we hove to stat Brow where we oe”)
roma Por tree کارت ره او سا موه و رل با و
niki corwaiviy, oad thereby wih 07 resources to مره راوج
امنا تممه تر ملس Rony spews tp rekice episiewic (svieuiPir) =
Pro و طسو ره وه و و متسر
where we ae...).
= Cues Rony wil hove وا use او ره
صفحه 26:
Pragwutst philpsophy oP sview er
(coud)
٠ Gower avootages of progemaiss (to be discussed ict
swore dete hater):
— Ooderde cotucdisc: svieuve is pot oP the ooturd work,
+ Op sharp cuir vy. vulture dickviowy.
* Oorwaiviy co ی با ("served cature” Por us, us the خام لس
rotund betes we are — of. loko OoDowell).
+ Cwerpur?
— @otireduntiocisc, phucdiss7: op "ucity oP sviease” but the
صفحه 27:
Praguutst philpsophy DE sviewe
(coud)
٠ Odvoctages oP pregevaiica (ovat):
+ Dke rediow four wil, tc the Polowieg, be adopted os the cat
سوه مادام Por ke deReuse ofa preceratet opproack ie ike
phibsopky oP svirure.
— Pobiog serivusly the sovio-historicd (iacludioy techuvtyicdl)
podtents oF svieure und foquiry (oP. Dewey, Wickwar, et
ul).
+ Perks even (ube oon be interpreted oo proceratet?
صفحه 28:
Pragwutst philpsophy oP sview er
(coud)
* @raxpvoisw, however, dsv kas its problexws:
— Is the progeotists’ wap oP ypiacy bepood the reise vs.
موه مه suovessPul, or does it oolopse back to
باه اه ,مشاه مرش وه ,اهر ele? (OP.
مها ولمم declisw.)
— Wow coo we adequately uficuate وتو عا
wrwuiviy (oP svieure) pragevaiists iuist va?
— Dhere is ww short vat to wordier the problews of reltiview
ood coturdisa. ued progpwutst phivsophy oP sviewe اه
له له عم راو مره عا مهو میم
oP possibitiy, to critica dialogue wits other upprouches ic the
phivsophy oF sviewe.
صفحه 29:
Dewey, J. (IOC9), Phe Quest For Oertaay, Prowisk trowstaics by ۳۰ و05
Ourkkeys voruuters, Canes, Webichi, JOO9.
Peyerched, P.(IO?S), Pyatet Detod, Orrse, beeen.
Pre, 0. (O99), The Chub Bae, rev. ed. (st ed. (O09), Vhe Daversiy oF
صرحا Press, Ohixxp.
dawes, D. (JOOP), Progwuisw, Wavad OP, Canbrike, OB, ISS. (The
حول ما و لو IO vk, Warrard OP, 0۵۰ )
Kuba, P.G. (IOP O), The Grrurture of Grieuihic Revokious, Oud ed. ((st ed.
(908), The Ouversiy of Chinnp Press, Chirag.
Crit GrieuiPic Reatew, OrPord DP, OrPord. ,(1999) 1۰ ,مسا
] 0.6. (I990-G0), Onlerted Papers, O ute, Warvard OP, Ouwbrike,
OO.
Perce, C.5. (IO98-90), The Bssratd Prive, © vole, aco DP,
bowicxioa.
] 6. (1999), Girructurtay te Dork, Bota Phivsephica Penica SO,
Detstab.
(COO9), Oaurutziay the Trosceadeud, Wucaiiy/Prowehes .6 متا
@ovks, Pokerst, DS’.
صفحه 30:
Gueoygested ۲ (coct'd)
Popper, KR. ((OS9), The Lovie of CriewtPic Discovery (OOF), بل
Lodo.
Popper, WR. (999), لا لاه( ویو( لو موس
Prey, W. (O90), Reakew wit o Wud Pace, Waverd OP, Cuvbriceer,
OO.
Prt, W. (JOOS), Prageatew: Pa Oped Question, Blachwel, OxPord.
Prev, W. (COOP), The Ortlaper of the Pact/Odue Dickoirny, Warvard DP,
Oxrrbricee, OB.
Quine, 0.0. (1999), Outebaird Reta, oad Otker Bary, Orkrobia OP, Dew
‘York.
Quine, 0.0. (1998), Prow Grohe te Griewr, Waverd OP, Cavbridge,
OO.
Rory, R. (IOP 9), Phibsephy ood the Dior of Date, Priaceios OP, Priccetva,
Ou.
Rory, R. (1988), Orwequewes of Propratsw, Worvester Press, Brichioa.
Rory, R. (1990), Prue cod Prowess, Ouvbrike OP, Cacvbrictce.