قالب پاورپوینت مناسب موضوعات پزشکی و روانپزشکی و داروسازی

صفحه 1:
Name ‏اسم فرد و تاريخ ارائه‎ ‎May, 2024 7 5‏ 02 .قرار داده شود ‏بآ ‎ 

صفحه 2:
ABSTRACT Sertraline, a commonly used SSRI, effectively treats psychiatric disorders but 5 significant side effects, especially on the reproductive system. This review examines sertraline's adverse effects on the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and reproductive systems. Studies show that sertraline disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal axis, alters sex hormone secretion, and reduces sperm and egg quality, i ing-i Uity in both genders. It also raises the risk of fetal abnormalities during pregnancy. 

صفحه 3:
Introduction Background to Study Detrimental Effects of Sertraline on Body Systems Detrimental Effects of Sertraline on the Reproductive ‎Studies and Comparison with Humans‏ رت ‎Summary and ‎Reesmmendatigns for Future Research ‎Overview 

صفحه 4:
INTRODUCTION OSertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is widely used for treating psychiatric disorders. Qit has significant side effects, particularly on the reproductive system. OThis review examines the adverse effects of sertraline on the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and reproductive systems. OStudies show that sertraline can lead to infertility in both genders and increases the risk of fetal abnormalities. QThere is strong evidence from animal studies of sertraline's harmful effects on reproductive structures and processes. OThere are limitations in applying these findings to humans. OThis review identifies research gaps and suggests future 26 tabletter 7 : Faas ‏نو هه ور وم‎ tar ‏مه‎ ۵00 ‏ماه نا ممما عقا‎ Sertraline Chemical structure 

صفحه 5:
Background of the OSertraline ‏ا‎ depressive symptoms in women, especially those of reproductive age. QSignificant side effects include 40 prolactin levels, disrupted menstrual cycles, reduced fertility, and sexual dysfunctions such as decreased libido and arousal issues. QIn men, sertraline reduces sperm motility, increases semen liquefaction time, and lowers sperm quality. OFetal exposure disrupts physical and neurological 

صفحه 6:
Background of the ‏ماه‎ the risk of severe sexual side effects and serotonin syndrome. Q It reduces testicular weight and sperm motility under stress. Q Sertraline negatively affects fetal development during pregnancy. Q High doses increase the risk of cardiovascular issues and hormone reductions. Q Gender differences show greater efficacy in males. Q Behavioral therapy is considered safer and does 

صفحه 7:
imen tal E ffec ts o f ۱ Cardiovascular Syste >» Due to its effects on the electrical! heart (QT interval prolongation) and hemodynamics (orthostatic hypotension), sertraline can lead to _ sewious cardiac complications in some cases. » These findings highlight the importance of closely Sertraline on Body monitoring sertraline users, especially in patients ‎and Liver‏ ددع عوق 2018م ج03 ل ‎Q Chronic use of sertraline can disrupt normal liver function through cellular necrosis, reduction in glycogen stores, inhibition of drug- ‎metabolizing enzymes, and complex drug metabolism. ‎ ‎Q These findings underscore the importance of ‎ 

صفحه 8:
MEN Q Sertraline can have severe negative effects on male fertility through hormonal change$] sperm DNA damage, reduced sperm ality, and disruptions in the _ hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal axis. Q These findings highlight the importance of closely monitoring the use ofi@ig¢fNyg, especially in men g with reproductive problems. Q Sertraline, as one of the commonly used drugs for treating psychological disorders, has multiple effects on the female reproductive system. QO These effects include menstrual disorders, reduced fertility, increased risk of congenital anomalies, and sexual dysfunctions. Q Studies have shown that sertraline can affect menstrual cycles and ovulation by disrupting the hypothalamic- Detrimental Effects of Sertraline on the suman REDRQAUSHVE, FEMALE MALE 

صفحه 9:
Q Several studies have investigated the effects of sertraline on the reproductive system in both animal and human models, highlighting the drug's mechanisms in both contexts. Q Laboratory studies on human _ sperm indicate that sertraline directly inhibits calcium channels, crucial for regulating calcium entry and sperm __ motility, disrupting the acrosome reaction and egg penetration. Q Animal studies show sertraline can reduce LH and FSH hormones, leading to decreased testosterone, sperm cou motility, and increased morphologi abnormalities. — aad 2 Animal Studies and Comparison with Humans 

صفحه 10:
. ۰ QSertraline reduces sperm count and Animal Studies and reserves in the’ epididymis, disrupts 8 8 maturation, and_ increases structural Comparison with abnormalities in sperm, affecting fertility chances. Humans QHuman studies confirm similar adverse effects, with reduced sperm count, increased DNA damage, and morphological abnormalities. Overall, these results indicate sertraline can affect fertility through impacts’ on hormones, sperm quali reproductive structures, n long-term studies in both hu animals for comprehensive understa 

صفحه 11:
Summary and Recommendations Q Widespread Use: Sertraline, a widely-used SSRI, effectively treats psychiatric disorders. Q Significant Side Effects: Particularly impacts the reproductive system. Q Hormonal Impact: Affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, altering sex hormone secretion. Q Fertility Concerns: Reduces fertility by affecting sperm and egg quality, altering reproductive tissues, and increasing oxidative stress. Q Women's Health: Disrupts menstrual cycle, folliculogenesis, and fetal development. QO Pregnancy Risks: Use during pregnancy linked to higher risk of congenital anomalies, especially cardiac defects. QO Research Challenges: Correlating lab findings with clinical conditions in humans, and re studies on gender differences, genetics, and drug interactions. Management Strategies: Crucial for improving treatment quality and reducing 

صفحه 12:
Recommendations for Future QO Conduct Extensive and Resear Research that includes large and diverse populations in terms of age, gender, and clinical conditions is essential to better understand the effects of sertraline on fertility and body systems. QO Examine Gender and Age Differences: More studies are needed to explore the different responses of men and women to sertraline, especially in varying age groups and conditions like menopause or puberty. Q Focus on Specific Conditions: The impact of sertraline under specific conditions such as pregnancy, lactation, and hormonal disorders should be studied more precisely, as these conditions may increase sensitivity to the drug's effects. 

صفحه 13:
Recommendations for Future * Evaluate Combination EAE SEALE Aamines the effects of sertraline in combination with other drugs or antioxidant supplements can provide useful insights for better managing this drug's side effects. * Molecular and Genetic Research: Identifying molecular pathways and signaling related to sertraline's effects, and examining the role of genetic factors in the severity of side effects, can help develop safer drugs and reduce adverse effects. * Develop Prevention and Management Strategies: Creating new methods to mitigate sertraline's side effects, such as dose adjustments, changes in treatment, s, and patient education, can positively impact the management of this drug's u 

صفحه 14:
References 1. Fagiolini, A., Mariano, M. P., Biesheuvel, E., & Purushottamahanti, P. (2024). A pooled analysis of the efficacy of sertraline in women, with a focus on those of childbearing age. Annals of General Psychiatry, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-024- 00519-9 2. Ruiz-Santiago, C., Rodriguez-Pinacho, C., Pérez-Sanchez, G., & Acosta-Cruz, E. (2024). Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on endocrine system (Review). Biomedical Reports, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1816 3. Yilmaz, B. K., Suleyman, Z., Suleyman, B., Mammadoy, R., Bulut, S., Altuner, D., Alptekin, O., Coban, T. A., & Suleyman, H. (2024). The hormonal mechanism of the effects of meperidine, sertraline, tianeptine, and their combinations on reproductive functions in female rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 178, 117160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117160 4. Zeiss, R., Malejko, K., Connemann, B., Gahr, M., Durner, V., & Graf, H. (2024). Sexual Dysfunction Induced by Antidepressants —A Pharmacovigilance Study Using Data from VigiBaseTM. Pharmaceuticals, 17(7), 826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17070826 5. Alsabhan, J. F, Almalag, H. M., Alnuaim, L. A., Albaker, A. B., & Alaseem, M. M. (2024b). Evaluating the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and male infertility: a critical retrospective study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(7), 2129. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072129 6. Moura, M. S., Lozano, A. F. Q., Tavares, B. M., Figueiredo, T. M., De Barros, J. W. F.,, Valencise, L., & De Grava Kempinas, W. (2023). Prenatal exposure to sertraline, associated or not with stress, can negatively program somatic and neurobehavioral development of female rats, and dysregulate reproductive function in adulthood. Reproductive Toxicology, 116, 108336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108336 ini eview of antidepressants, their sexual side-effects, post-SSRI sexual dysfunction, and serotonin British Journal of Nursing, 32(14), 678-686. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2023.32.14.678 

صفحه 15:
References 8. Lozano, A. F. Q., Tavares, B. M., Silva, P. V. E., De Barros, J. W. F, & De Grava Kempinas, W. (2022). Reproductive development of male rats exposed in utero to stress and/or sertraline. Toxicological Sciences, 190(2), 189-203. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfac100 9. Xu, J., He, K., Zhou, Y., Zhao, L., Lin, Y., Huang, Z., Xie, N., Yue, J., & Tang, Y. (2022). The effect of SSRIs on Semen quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.911489 10. Lebin, L. G., & Novick, A. M. (2022). Selective Serotonin reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Pregnancy: An Updated Review on risks to mother, fetus, and child. Current Psychiatry Reports, 24(11), 687-695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-022-01372-x 11.Rahban, R., Rehfeld, A., Schiffer, C., Brenker, C., Palme, D. L. E., Wang, T., Lorenz, J., Almstrup, K., Skakkebaek, N. E., Strinker, T., & Nef, S. (2021). The antidepressant Sertraline inhibits CatSper Ca2+ channels in human sperm. Human Reproduction, 36(10), 2638-2648. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab190 12.Rahban, R., Rehfeld, A., Schiffer, C., Brenker, C., Palme, D. L. E., Wang, T., Lorenz, J., Almstrup, K., Skakkebaek, N. E., Strinker, T., & Nef, S. (2021). The antidepressant Sertraline inhibits CatSper Ca2+ channels in human sperm. Human Reproduction, 36(10), 2638-2648. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab190 13. Edinoff, A. N., Akuly, H. A., Hanna, T. A., Ochoa, C. O., Patti, S. J., Ghaffar, Y. A., Kaye, A. D., Viswanath, O., Urits, I., Boyer, A. G., Cornett, E. M., & Kaye, A. M. (2021). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and Adverse Effects: A Narrative review. Neurology International, 13(3), 387-401. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint13030038 .Rohban, R., et al. (2021). The effect of sertraline on CatSper calcium channels and sperm function in humans. Human 1 it 1), deab128.052. Z. S., Faris, S. A., & Hussein, A. M. (2019). Effect of sertraline and fluoxetine on the reproductive abilities of male rats Rattus norvegicus. University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science, 7(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v7i1.244 

صفحه 16:
References ElMazoudy, R., El-Abd, K., Mekkawy, D., & Kamel, K. (2019). Developmental effects on hypothalamic, hypophyseal, testicular and steroidogenic patterns of sertraline-exposed male rats by accumulated doses from juvenile to puberty. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 188, 109840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109840 Ma, L., Xu, Y., Jiang, W,, Li, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, G., & Li, R. (2019). Sex differences in antidepressant effect of sertraline in transgenic mouse models. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00024 Bezerra, M. S., Martins, A. B. M., Trajano, F. M. G., De Aratijo Pontes, T. H., Da Costa Gomes, L. T., Gavioli, E. C., & Da Silva, E. D., Junior. (2019). Fluoxetine and sertraline effects on rat distal cauda epididymis contraction, sperm count and sperm transit time trough epididymis. European Journal of Pharmacology, 865, 172774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172774 Almansour, M. L., Jarrar, Y. B., & Jarrar, B. M. (2018). In vivo investigation on the chronic hepatotoxicity induced by sertraline. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 61, 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.021 Munkboel, C. H., Larsen, L. W., Weisser, J. J., Kristensen, D. M., & Styrishave, B. (2018). Sertraline suppresses testis and adrenal steroid production and steroidogenic gene expression while increasing LH in plasma of male rats resulting in compensatory hypogonadism. Toxicological Sciences, 163(2), 609-619. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy059 Badr, M., et al. (2017). The effects of SSRIs on male fertility: A systematic review. Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa. Lorenz, T., Rullo, J., & Faubion, S. (2016c). Antidepressant-Induced female Sexual dysfunction. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 91(9), 1280-1286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.033 Shen, Z., Gao, S., Li, S. X., Zhang, T., Liu, C., Lv, H., Zhang, Y., Gong, T., Xu, X., Ji, C., Wu, Q., & Li, D. (2016). Sertraline use in the 1 genital anomalies: a systemic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. British Journal of Clinical logy, 83(4), 909-922. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13161 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21 

صفحه 17:
References Atli, O., Baysal, M., Aydogan-Kilic, G., Kilic, V., Ucarcan, S., Karaduman, B., & Ilgin, S. (2016). Sertraline-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats: evaluation of possible underlying mechanisms. Asian Journal of Andrology, 19(6), 672. https://doi.org/10.4103/1008- 682x.192637 Lorenz, T., Rullo, J., & Faubion, S. (2016). Antidepressant-Induced female Sexual dysfunction. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 91(9), 1280- 1286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.033 Bérard, A., Zhao, J., & Sheehy, O. (2015). Sertraline use during pregnancy and the risk of major malformations. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 212(6), 795.e1-795.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.01.034 Jahromy, M. H., & Moghadam, A. A. (2014). Effects of sertraline on sperm motility, number and viability and its relation to blood levels of testosterone, FSH and LH in adult male mice. Advances in Sexual Medicine, 04(02), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.4236/asm.2014.42004 Akasheh, G., Sirati, L., Kamran, A. R. N., & Sepehrmanesh, Z. (2014). Comparison of the effect of sertraline with behavioral therapy on semen parameters in men with primary premature ejaculation. Urology, 83(4), 800-804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2013.12.004 Erdemir, F, Atilgan, D., Firat, F, Markoc, F, Parlaktas, B. S., & Sogut, E. (2014). The effect of Sertraline, Paroxetine, Fluoxetine and Escitalopram on testicular tissue and oxidative stress parameters in rats. International Braz J Urol, 40(1), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.01.15 Segraves, R. T., & Balon, R. (2013). Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction in men. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 121, 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.003 Uguz, F., Sahingoz, M., Kose, S. A., Ozbebit, O., Sengul, C., Selvi, Y., Sengul, C. B., Ayhan, M. G., Dagistanli, A., & Askin, R. (2012). Antidepressants and menstruation disorders in women: a cross-sectional study in three centers. General Hospital Psychiatry, 34(5), 529-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.03.014 , R. S., Cox, L. M., & Tremaine, L. M. (2004). SERTRALINE IS METABOLIZED BY MULTIPLE CYTOCHROME P450 ENZYMES, INE OXIDASES, AND GLUCURONYL TRANSFERASES IN HUMAN: AN IN VITRO STUDY. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 22/9) 969_9DT7N htme.sidnj and/10 119A lama 1NA NNIAD 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29) 

صفحه 18:


Examining the Detrimental Effects of Sertraline on Body Systems, Especially the Reproductive System 02 May, 2024 Name اسم فرد و تاریخ ارائه قرار داده شود. ABSTRACT Sertraline, a commonly used SSRI, effectively treats psychiatric disorders but has significant side effects, especially on the reproductive system. This review examines sertraline's adverse effects on the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and reproductive systems. Studies show that sertraline disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis, alters sex hormone secretion, and reduces sperm and egg quality, potentially causing infertility in both genders. It also raises the risk of fetal abnormalities during pregnancy. Overview 01 Introduction 02 Background to Study 03 Detrimental Effects of Sertraline on Body Systems 04 05 06 07 Detrimental Effects of Sertraline on the Reproductive Animal Studies and Comparison with Humans System Summary and Recommendations Recommendations for Future Research INTRODUCTION  Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is widely used for treating psychiatric disorders.  It has significant side effects, particularly on the reproductive system. Serotonin Chemical structure  This review examines the adverse effects of sertraline on the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and reproductive systems.  Studies show that sertraline can lead to infertility in both genders and increases the risk of fetal abnormalities.  There is strong evidence from animal studies of sertraline's harmful effects on reproductive structures and processes.  There are limitations in applying these findings to humans. Sertraline Chemical structure  This review identifies research gaps and suggests future Background of the Study  Sertraline symptoms effectively in alleviates women, depressive especially those of reproductive age.  Significant prolactin side levels, effects disrupted include increased menstrual cycles, reduced fertility, and sexual dysfunctions such as decreased libido and arousal issues.  In men, sertraline reduces sperm motility, increases semen liquefaction time, and lowers sperm quality.  Fetal exposure disrupts physical and neurological Background of the Study  Sertraline raises the risk of severe sexual side effects and serotonin syndrome.  It reduces testicular weight and sperm motility under stress.  Sertraline negatively affects fetal development during pregnancy.  High doses increase the risk of cardiovascular issues and hormone reductions.  Gender differences show greater efficacy in males.  Behavioral therapy is considered safer and does Detrimental Effects of Sertraline on Body Systems Cardiovascular System  Due to its effects on the electrical function of the heart (QT hemodynamics sertraline can interval prolongation) (orthostatic lead to and hypotension), cardiac serious complications in some cases.  These findings highlight the importance of closely monitoring sertraline users, especially in patients with heart conditions. Digestive System and Liver  Chronic use of sertraline can disrupt normal liver function through cellular necrosis, reduction in glycogen stores, inhibition of drug- metabolizing enzymes, and complex drug metabolism.  These findings underscore the importance of MEN Detrimental Effects of Sertraline on the Reproductive System  Sertraline can have severe negative effects on male fertility through hormonal changes, sperm DNA damage, reduced disruptions in the sperm quality, and hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal axis.  These findings highlight the importance of closely monitoring the use of this drug, especially in men WOMEN with reproductive problems.  Sertraline, as one of the commonly used drugs for treating psychological disorders, has multiple effects on the female reproductive system.  These effects include menstrual disorders, reduced fertility, increased risk of congenital anomalies, and sexual dysfunctions.  Studies have shown that sertraline can affect menstrual cycles and ovulation by disrupting the hypothalamic-  Several Animal Studies and Comparison with studies investigated the effects of sertraline on the reproductive system in both animal and human models, highlighting the drug's mechanisms in both contexts.  Laboratory Humans have studies on human sperm indicate that sertraline directly inhibits calcium channels, crucial for regulating calcium entry and sperm motility, disrupting the acrosome reaction and egg penetration.  Animal studies show sertraline can reduce LH and decreased motility, FSH hormones, testosterone, and abnormalities. increased leading sperm to count, morphological Animal Studies and Comparison with Humans  Sertraline reserves sperm reduces in maturation, the count epididymis, and increases and disrupts structural abnormalities in sperm, affecting fertility chances.  Human studies effects, with increased confirm similar adverse reduced sperm count, damage, and DNA morphological abnormalities.  Overall, these results indicate sertraline can affect fertility through impacts hormones, sperm reproductive structures, long-term studies in quality, both on and necessitating humans and animals for comprehensive understanding. Summary and Recommendations  Widespread Use: Sertraline, a widely-used SSRI, effectively treats psychiatric disorders.  Significant Side Effects: Particularly impacts the reproductive system.  Hormonal Impact: Affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, altering sex hormone secretion.  Fertility Concerns: Reduces fertility by affecting sperm and egg quality, altering reproductive tissues, and increasing oxidative stress.  Women's Health: Disrupts menstrual cycle, folliculogenesis, and fetal development.  Pregnancy Risks: Use during pregnancy linked to higher risk of congenital anomalies, especially cardiac defects.  Research Challenges: Correlating lab findings with clinical conditions in humans, and the need for more studies on gender differences, genetics, and drug interactions.  Management Strategies: Crucial for improving treatment quality and reducing Recommendations for Future Research  Conduct Extensive and Long-Term Clinical Studies: Research that includes large and diverse populations in terms of age, gender, and clinical conditions is essential to better understand the effects of sertraline on fertility and body systems.  Examine Gender and Age Differences: More studies are needed to explore the different responses of men and women to sertraline, especially in varying age groups and conditions like menopause or puberty.  Focus on Specific Conditions: The impact of sertraline under specific conditions such as pregnancy, lactation, and hormonal disorders should be studied more precisely, as these conditions may increase sensitivity to the drug's effects. Recommendations for Future Research • Evaluate Combination Effects: Research that examines the effects of sertraline in combination with other drugs or antioxidant supplements can provide useful insights for better managing this drug's side effects. • Molecular and Genetic Research: Identifying molecular pathways and signaling related to sertraline's effects, and examining the role of genetic factors in the severity of side effects, can help develop safer drugs and reduce adverse effects. • Develop Prevention and Management Strategies: Creating new methods to mitigate sertraline's side effects, such as dose adjustments, changes in treatment plans, and patient education, can positively impact the management of this drug's use. References 1. Fagiolini, A., Mariano, M. P., Biesheuvel, E., & Purushottamahanti, P. (2024). A pooled analysis of the efficacy of sertraline in women, with a focus on those of childbearing age. Annals of General Psychiatry, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-02400519-9 2. Ruiz‑Santiago, C., Rodríguez‑Pinacho, C., Pérez‑Sánchez, G., & Acosta‑Cruz, E. (2024). Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on endocrine system (Review). Biomedical Reports, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1816 3. Yilmaz, B. K., Suleyman, Z., Suleyman, B., Mammadov, R., Bulut, S., Altuner, D., Alptekin, O., Coban, T. A., & Suleyman, H. (2024). The hormonal mechanism of the effects of meperidine, sertraline, tianeptine, and their combinations on reproductive functions in female rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 178, 117160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117160 4. Zeiss, R., Malejko, K., Connemann, B., Gahr, M., Durner, V., & Graf, H. (2024). Sexual Dysfunction Induced by Antidepressants —A Pharmacovigilance Study Using Data from VigiBaseTM. Pharmaceuticals, 17(7), 826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17070826 5. Alsabhan, J. F., Almalag, H. M., Alnuaim, L. A., Albaker, A. B., & Alaseem, M. M. (2024b). Evaluating the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and male infertility: a critical retrospective study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(7), 2129. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072129 6. Moura, M. S., Lozano, A. F. Q., Tavares, B. M., Figueiredo, T. M., De Barros, J. W. F., Valencise, L., & De Grava Kempinas, W. (2023). Prenatal exposure to sertraline, associated or not with stress, can negatively program somatic and neurobehavioral development of female rats, and dysregulate reproductive function in adulthood. Reproductive Toxicology, 116, 108336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108336 7. Marks, S. (2023). A clinical review of antidepressants, their sexual side-effects, post-SSRI sexual dysfunction, and serotonin syndrome. British Journal of Nursing, 32(14), 678–686. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2023.32.14.678 References 8. Lozano, A. F. Q., Tavares, B. M., Silva, P. V. E., De Barros, J. W. F., & De Grava Kempinas, W. (2022). Reproductive development of male rats exposed in utero to stress and/or sertraline. Toxicological Sciences, 190(2), 189–203. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfac100 9. Xu, J., He, K., Zhou, Y., Zhao, L., Lin, Y., Huang, Z., Xie, N., Yue, J., & Tang, Y. (2022). The effect of SSRIs on Semen quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.911489 10. Lebin, L. G., & Novick, A. M. (2022). Selective Serotonin reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Pregnancy: An Updated Review on risks to mother, fetus, and child. Current Psychiatry Reports, 24(11), 687–695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-022-01372-x 11. Rahban, R., Rehfeld, A., Schiffer, C., Brenker, C., Palme, D. L. E., Wang, T., Lorenz, J., Almstrup, K., Skakkebaek, N. E., Strünker, T., & Nef, S. (2021). The antidepressant Sertraline inhibits CatSper Ca2+ channels in human sperm. Human Reproduction, 36(10), 2638–2648. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab190 12. Rahban, R., Rehfeld, A., Schiffer, C., Brenker, C., Palme, D. L. E., Wang, T., Lorenz, J., Almstrup, K., Skakkebaek, N. E., Strünker, T., & Nef, S. (2021). The antidepressant Sertraline inhibits CatSper Ca2+ channels in human sperm. Human Reproduction, 36(10), 2638–2648. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab190 13. Edinoff, A. N., Akuly, H. A., Hanna, T. A., Ochoa, C. O., Patti, S. J., Ghaffar, Y. A., Kaye, A. D., Viswanath, O., Urits, I., Boyer, A. G., Cornett, E. M., & Kaye, A. M. (2021). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and Adverse Effects: A Narrative review. Neurology International, 13(3), 387–401. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint13030038 14. Rohban, R., et al. (2021). The effect of sertraline on CatSper calcium channels and sperm function in humans. Human Reproduction, 36(Supplement 1), deab128.052. 15. Madlool, Z. S., Faris, S. A., & Hussein, A. M. (2019). Effect of sertraline and fluoxetine on the reproductive abilities of male rats Rattus norvegicus. University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science, 7(1), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utjsci/v7i1.244 References 8. ElMazoudy, R., El-Abd, K., Mekkawy, D., & Kamel, K. (2019). Developmental effects on hypothalamic, hypophyseal, testicular and steroidogenic patterns of sertraline-exposed male rats by accumulated doses from juvenile to puberty. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 188, 109840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109840 9. Ma, L., Xu, Y., Jiang, W., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, G., & Li, R. (2019). Sex differences in antidepressant effect of sertraline in transgenic mouse models. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00024 16. Bezerra, M. S., Martins, A. B. M., Trajano, F. M. G., De Araújo Pontes, T. H., Da Costa Gomes, L. T., Gavioli, E. C., & Da Silva, E. D., Junior. (2019). Fluoxetine and sertraline effects on rat distal cauda epididymis contraction, sperm count and sperm transit time trough epididymis. European Journal of Pharmacology, 865, 172774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172774 17. Almansour, M. I., Jarrar, Y. B., & Jarrar, B. M. (2018). In vivo investigation on the chronic hepatotoxicity induced by sertraline. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 61, 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.021 18. Munkboel, C. H., Larsen, L. W., Weisser, J. J., Kristensen, D. M., & Styrishave, B. (2018). Sertraline suppresses testis and adrenal steroid production and steroidogenic gene expression while increasing LH in plasma of male rats resulting in compensatory hypogonadism. Toxicological Sciences, 163(2), 609–619. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy059 19. Badr, M., et al. (2017). The effects of SSRIs on male fertility: A systematic review. Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa. 20. Lorenz, T., Rullo, J., & Faubion, S. (2016c). Antidepressant-Induced female Sexual dysfunction. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 91(9), 1280–1286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.033 21. Shen, Z., Gao, S., Li, S. X., Zhang, T., Liu, C., Lv, H., Zhang, Y., Gong, T., Xu, X., Ji, C., Wu, Q., & Li, D. (2016). Sertraline use in the first trimester and risk of congenital anomalies: a systemic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 83(4), 909–922. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13161 References 22. Atli, O., Baysal, M., Aydogan-Kilic, G., Kilic, V., Ucarcan, S., Karaduman, B., & Ilgin, S. (2016). Sertraline-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats: evaluation of possible underlying mechanisms. Asian Journal of Andrology, 19(6), 672. https://doi.org/10.4103/1008682x.192637 23. Lorenz, T., Rullo, J., & Faubion, S. (2016). Antidepressant-Induced female Sexual dysfunction. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 91(9), 1280– 1286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.033 24. Bérard, A., Zhao, J., & Sheehy, O. (2015). Sertraline use during pregnancy and the risk of major malformations. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 212(6), 795.e1-795.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.01.034 25. Jahromy, M. H., & Moghadam, A. A. (2014). Effects of sertraline on sperm motility, number and viability and its relation to blood levels of testosterone, FSH and LH in adult male mice. Advances in Sexual Medicine, 04(02), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.4236/asm.2014.42004 26. Akasheh, G., Sirati, L., Kamran, A. R. N., & Sepehrmanesh, Z. (2014). Comparison of the effect of sertraline with behavioral therapy on semen parameters in men with primary premature ejaculation. Urology, 83(4), 800–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2013.12.004 27. Erdemir, F., Atilgan, D., Firat, F., Markoc, F., Parlaktas, B. S., & Sogut, E. (2014). The effect of Sertraline, Paroxetine, Fluoxetine and Escitalopram on testicular tissue and oxidative stress parameters in rats. International Braz J Urol, 40(1), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.01.15 28. Segraves, R. T., & Balon, R. (2013). Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction in men. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 121, 132–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.003 29. Uguz, F., Sahingoz, M., Kose, S. A., Ozbebit, O., Sengul, C., Selvi, Y., Sengul, C. B., Ayhan, M. G., Dagistanli, A., & Askin, R. (2012). Antidepressants and menstruation disorders in women: a cross-sectional study in three centers. General Hospital Psychiatry, 34(5), 529–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.03.014 30. Obach, R. S., Cox, L. M., & Tremaine, L. M. (2004). SERTRALINE IS METABOLIZED BY MULTIPLE CYTOCHROME P450 ENZYMES, MONOAMINE OXIDASES, AND GLUCURONYL TRANSFERASES IN HUMAN: AN IN VITRO STUDY. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Thank You