قالب پاورپوینت مناسب شهرسازی

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Thamesmead Riverside Regene! Ecological Landscape and Planting St Landscape Architecture and Urbanis: 

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Lntreduction 1 2iLiterature Review 2 3.Site Analysis 3 4.Case Studies 10 5.Design Proposal 13 6.Landscape Infrastructure & SuDS ‘7.Riverside Planting & Succession 18 8.Impact & Policy Recommendations 20 Abstract ‘This thesis introduces layered resilience through ecological landscape design, turning Thamesmead—a 760-ha floodplain site with flood risk and inequity—into a climate-adaptive prototype. Rooted in Waldheim (2016), Belanger (2009), and Soja (2010), it replaces fail-safe systems with a hydro-ecological framework: safe- to-fail SuDS, 10km Public Loop, and flood-tolerant planting. Design yields 30% runoff absorption, 400m green access, and biodiversity. ‘Thamesmead becomes a Landscape-First model for UK new towns post-2025. Keywords: Layered Resilience, Hydro-Ecological Framework, Safe- to-Fail, Public Loop, Thamesmead 

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BSTC a ee ‘al Landscape Design for ا ‎faces flood risk, ecological fragmentation,‏ ۱ ‎Se eT ete ۱ eres ere!‏ ‎hydro-ecological framework to replace failsafe infrastructure‏ ‎with safe-to-fail systems, using water, topography, and access‏ ‎eco meiner etc ene aac‏ ie ‏ف‎ 

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تم 0۳000۳۳ «سدسسده سم ‎Peon‏ )2002 له ل oe ‘Ahern (2011) Floodable lawns Bed Soja (2010) 400m green access للحت ش01 .رمن من مرب مر ‎Theoretical‏ ‎Landscape as Urban Ag|‏ CARPARK AND BIKEPARK — MOVABLELANDSCAPE LighTsHow ‏یو‎ CAFE ‘ss > ‘OREEN MOUNT ners EP ax ‘WATER PLAYGROUND ‘VERTICAL RAMP LIBRARY 

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Site Analysis 80% of Thamesmead lies in Flood Zones Thamesmead 20264 ri ‏ای متام کب‎ Aan ‏کی تتسد اه‎ A Fragile ‏(-عصداه و۲0‎ highlighting the t need for landscape-driven ‘Thamesmead aerial view showing canal systems, layered 7 Earth Pro, July 2025). 3 

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Se, 1:5000 Flood Zones 2 and 3 encompassing key. parts of Thamesmead underscoring the necessity "for adaptive water infrastructure (Source: Environment Agency, July WEI004 Zone 2 I Flood Zone 3 Hydrology and Flood Risk Overlay of Flood Zones 2 and 3 across Thamesmead, visualized within the urban street and housing fabric. The image highlights the extensive spatial extent of flood vulnerability in relation to existing infrastructure and neighborhoods. (Source: Environment Agency, Map data integrated in AutoCAD overlay, 2025) 

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w. E Se, 1:5000 Residential Complex 2 Open Space Land Use Distribution Map: residential Complexes and ‘SwemGNseRGutights the spatial distribution of residential complexes and open spaces within Thamesmead. The Visualization reveals a pattern of housing clusters surrounded by fragmented green areas. This supports the argument that despite the presence of green infrastructure, spatial disconnection persists - providing justification for integrated ecological interventions across residential and open zones. 

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Major park I Noighb. Seale pati: ‏مس‎ ‎Other open space I inter road park Aerial and Ground Conditions Spatial analysis of Thamesmead reveals green access inequality, guiding future landscape interventions. (Base map overlaid in AutoCAD, satellite and street data source: Google Maps, 2025) 

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Se, 1:5000 مت بط Initial spatial configuration for integrated ecological and DOMMUNItYAAGESs Thamesmoad’s existing homes, vacant playgrounds, and a now riverside bike corridor to blond housing, recreation, and ecology. It reserves space for future community gardens, rainwater systems, and transitional landscapes while mapping site connections as a flexible placeholder before permanent designs. 

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Access Green Space Road Hydrological System Map of Hydrological and Infrastructural Systems in Thamesmead This analytical map illustrates the spatial configuration of access roads, existing green spaces, and natural hydrological systems across the Thamesmead site. The integration of these systems reveals critical relationships and constraints, supporting the ecological framework and informing future design Interventions. 

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Topographic Model - Thamesmead Waterfront 3D Topographic Massing Model (Layered Contours): overall relief and indicative building masses shown to test setbacks, views, and grading. (Scale 1:500) 

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Case Studies Lessons from King’s Cross & Sherbourn 1 EQMMOMeanimated Regent's Canal as a blue-green spine, roving marginal land can anchor regeneration. - Sherbourne Common integrates 240m of bioswales and UV-treated stormwater Into a public park, making infrastructure experiential. Both inform Thamesmead by combining canal revival, safe-to-fail SuDS, and social activation infn a cohesive irhan-ecalncieal <vetam Masterplan of King's Cross Regeneration, highlighting the integration of the Regent's Canal as an ecological corridor and the structuring role of green public spaces. (Source: Townshend Landscape Architects, 2019) 

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z= Sherbourne Common park, Toronto Waterfront. 1.47 ha waterfront landscape integrating open stormwater channels, bioswales, green pedestrian corridors, and public ithering areas. jource: Waterfront Toronto / Phillips Farevaag Smallenberg, 2011) 

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nttps://www.waterfrontoronto.ca/our-projects/stormwater- treatment-system, Sherbourne Common 

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Design Proposal: Hydro-Ecological Framework Public Loop: The Spine of Resilience A 10km continuous Public Loop connects neighborhoods, parks, and the riverfront, using natural topography to guide runoff and create floodable terraces. Building heights step down toward water; mid-block links and woonerf streets prioritize pedestrians. This framework organizes hydrology, 

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Se, 1:5000 A Spatial Relationship between Residential Zones, Green Open Spaces and the Proposed Public Loop 5 ۲ ‏سیم‎ ‎Lake Oper ope Public Loop Connectivity This map illustrates the integration of residential areas, green open spaces, and water bodies through a continuous public loop. The loop supports pedestrian and ecological connectivity while enhancing accessibility to recreational areas. 

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0۳ ۳۳ اد مه 69هام 410298 901520042418 اهتدم دهم حزومهه درم ماد دما 

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ome 16 Landscape Infrastructure & SuDS From Fail-Safe to Safe-to-Fail Dormant canals become hybrid ecological corridors; streets and courtyards embed bioswales, rain gardens, and vegetated zones absorbing 30% of runoff. 50 hectares of floodable lawns act as buffers. This multifunctional SuDS network transforms risk into regenerative infrastructure, supporting biodiversity, recreation, and htps://wiki sustainabletechnologies.ca/wiki/Bioswales 

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DRAFT FOR REFERENCE ONLY 273 STANDARD BETAN, peawaNGs 5 ‏نا[ و‎ pean Girt حتت 127 https://vancouver-caffiles/covigi-bioswale-typical-detalls-2023.paf Tree nea | 

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Riverside Planting & Succession Detailed Riverside Edge Plan: Bike Corridor & Stormwater Landscape ‘The river edge is reconfigured as a safe, segregated bike-and-walk corridor with permeable paving and curb protection. Terraced micro-topography routes runoff into rain gardens/bioswales for slowing, filtering, and seasonal storage, while layered tree/shrub planting provides shade, habitat, and park-to-waterfront connections. Detailed design plan-Thamesmead riverside edge with segregated cycle track, rain-garden swales, and tree planting. Scale 1:200. a 

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Ecological Succession Along the Waterfrantpatctte uses food-tolerant natives: Alnus glutinosa (canopy), Salix spp. (shrubs), and Carex (groundcover) to stabilize banks, filter runoff, and support habitat. Species are selected for seasonal performance and companion benefits, ensuring long-term ecological health and visual continuity across the riverside edge. ‘TREES (Structure) ‘SHRUBS HERBACEOUS & GRASSES London Plane Common Boxwood | |! Little Bluestem + Ulsmate height + timate height = Uiumate big: 2030 4m ‏سا‎ ‎+ Tolerance to ‘Tolerant shaded ‘Tolerantto dry Northern Red Marigold Fountain Grass + Ussmate height + ultimate height + Ulimate bight: ‏مه 0 و‎ + Tolerance open ‘Tolerant o sunny + Adaptable to habitats spots 0 Rosemary Philedendron TEI, stonecrop = Uimate height = Ultimate height p> + Utumate high: 26m ‏هه‎ 9 + Fragment + Adaptable to ‘Toeranttoary ‏عه عا ام‎ + Marigold Cornnus flo. Philodendron sYarrow Autumn Moor * ‏عامجالا‎ + Palinator + Utimately + Adaptable ‏مها‎ + imate ۵ ۷ 0 Osim "05-07m ‘Thamesmead Riverside Planting Palette: Trees, Shrubs & Grasses 

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Impact & Policy Recommendations Policy Shift: Landscape-First New Towns وه وود كم Start all plans with feet ‏ی‎ Replaces engineering-led 52 Ban concrete walls in Zone ‏ی‎ 5 Wetlands + Loop %~ 4 جه ات 20 وممصم تافر 

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Conclusion Ecological landscape design creates a new spatial logic in Thamesmead “vratercdsiven, topographically responsive, socially equitable. By Thamesmead: integrating safe-to-fail_ systems, continuous connectivity, and «pasuccessional planting, i transforms a falling new town into @ realli Prototype for Layered Resili@mee prototype. A Landscapo-Fiest Framework is proposed for al future UK new towns post 2025 ۷ ]۴۷۲21 ز ‎esc‏ httpsy/vwwproctorandmatthews.com/project/thamesmead-masterplan-) bexley 

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Riverfront Massing & Eco-Hydrological FAME. 3p views present the final river-edge arrangement: a protected riverfront bike lane with a green ‏امس ما امس‎ ov ‏اس‎ Sagi sim Ge mater to puis vow: snd ‏هد راما‎ anchors mont te be ‏ره ال‎ ater © tlie Geers ‏ی یم ی را ی بای‎ ad ‏ا با موی اه مد اما مت معا‎ Riverfront Massing with Exposed Topography (Water Riverfront Massing with Water Context - Scale (graphic): 100 m Layer Off) - Scale (graphic): 100 m 

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Neighbourhood Core: Green Courtyards & Slow-Street Net In the residential core, continuous green courtyards and a slow-street (woonerf hierarchy extend the public loop. Mid-block pedestrian/cycle links with rain gardens and bioswales connect pocket parks and floodable lawns. Building heights step down toward the river, while vehicular/service access is kept to the rear of blocks. “3 Courtyard Green Network & Mid-Block Links (PR) - Seale Residential (Graphic): 0 ‏ده‎ root Trees & Furniture (PR) Park-Cycleway-Streot Connection via Raised Tables (PR) - ScaleSlow-Street Shared Surface with S NTs Seale: NTS 

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Riverfront Two-Way Cycleway with Green Buffer & Safety Railing Scale: NTS Thamesmead Hydro-Ecological Site Model (Scale #500) 

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] (2020). Thamesmead 2050: Unlocking the Potential of London's New Town. London: Peabody, Greater London Authority (GLA). (2020). Thamesmead and Abbey Wood Opportunity Area Planning Framework Peabody & Karakusevie Carson Architects. (2024). South Thamesmead Phase 2 Masterplan Environment Agency. (2025). Flood Map for Planning - ‘Thamesmead. Retrieved from htipsiflood-map-for- planning service.govukl Google Earth Pro. (2025). Thamesmead Satellite Imagery © 2025 Google, CNES / Airbus, Maxar Technologies. Peabody (2020). Thamesmead 2050 Framework. Peabody Group. Greater London Authority (2020). Thamesmead and Abbey Wood Opportunity Area” Planning’ Framework. GLA Planning Directorate, Allies and Morrison. (2020). King’s Cross Central ‘Masterplan. Retrieved from hts: fvunalliesandmorrison.com/projects/kings-cross ‘Townshend Landscape Architects. (2019). Regent's Canal Corridor: Green and Blue Infrastructure Design. Retrieved from ا || ك0 Phillips Farevaag Smallenberg. (2011). Common Park. Toronto: Waterfront Toronto. Sherbourne Waterfront Toronto, (2023). Rolling Five-Year Strategic Plan 2023/24-2027/28, Retrieved from bttps:/nwww.waterfrontoronto.ca References Mostafavi, M. and Doherty, G. (2010). Ecological Urbanism, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Waldheim, C. (2016). Landscape as Urbanism: A General ‘Theory. Princeton University Press Corer, ‏ز‎ (2006). Terra Fluxus. In Waldheim, C. (Ed), The Landscape Urbanism Reader (pp. 21-33). Princeton Architectural Press, Belanger, P. (2009). Landscape Infrastructure: Urbanism Beyond Engineering. Landscape Journal, 20(1), 79-95. Shoard, M. (2002). Edgelands. In Jenkins, J. (Ed) Remaking the Landscape: The Changing Face of Britain (pp. 117-146). Profile Books. Gandy, M. (2013). Marginalia: Aesthetics, Ecology, and ‘Urban Wastelands. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 103(6), 1301-1316. Ahern, J. (2011), From Fail‘Safe ‏ما‎ Safe-to-Fail: Sustainability and Resilience in the New Urban World, Landscape and Urban Planning, L00(4), 341-243, Vale, LJ. and Campanella, TJ. (Eds). (2005). The Resilient City: How Modern Cities Recover from Disaster. Oxford University Press. Soja, E. W. (2010). Seeking Spatial Justice. University of Minnesota Press, Harvey, D. (1996). Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference. Blackwell. 

Designing Ecological Landscapes 111111 for Future New Towns Integrating Urbanism and Nature in Thamesmead Thamesmead Riverside Regeneration Ecological Landscape and Planting Strategy Landscape Architecture and Urbanism Abstract This thesis introduces layered resilience through ecological landscape design, turning Thamesmead—a 760-ha floodplain site with flood risk and inequity—into a climate-adaptive prototype. Rooted in Waldheim (2016), Belanger (2009), and Soja (2010), it replaces fail-safe systems with a hydro-ecological framework: safeto-fail SuDS, 10km Public Loop, and flood-tolerant planting. Design yields 30% runoff absorption, 400m green access, and biodiversity. Thamesmead becomes a Landscape-First model for UK new towns post-2025. Keywords: Layered Resilience, Hydro-Ecological Framework, Safeto-Fail, Public Loop, Thamesmead 1.Introduction 1 2.Literature Review 3.Site Analysis 3 4.Case Studies 10 5.Design Proposal 13 6.Landscape Infrastructure & SuDS 16 7.Riverside Planting & Succession 18 8.Impact & Policy Recommendations 20 2 Introduction Layered Resilience: Ecological Landscape Design for Thamesmead Thamesmead, a 760-hectare modernist new town on the Thames floodplain, faces flood risk, ecological fragmentation, and spatial inequity. This thesis proposes a landscape-led hydro-ecological framework to replace fail-safe infrastructure with safe-to-fail systems, using water, topography, and access as organizing principles for resilient, just urbanization. 3 Literature Review Concept Key Author Application in Thamesmead Ecological Urbanism Waldheim (2016) Landscape > architecture Belanger (2009) Canals = living systems Edgelands Shoard (2002) Periphery = potential Safe-to-Fail Ahern (2011) Floodable lawns Spatial Justice Soja (2010) 400m green access Theoretical Foundations:Landscape Landscape as Urban Agent Infrastructure 2 Site Analysis 80% of Thamesmead lies in Flood Zones 2 & 3, with obsolete canals and isolated green voids. CAD and GIS analysis reveal green access inequality—only 40% of residents within 400m of functional open space—highlighting the urgent need for landscape-driven reconnection and adaptive infrastructure. Thamesmead 2025: A Fragile Edgeland Sc. 1:5000 Thamesmead aerial view showing canal systems, layered infrastructure, and proximity to riparian landscapes (Image source: Google Earth Pro, July 2025). 3 Flood Zones 2 and 3 encompassing key parts of Thamesmead, underscoring the necessity for adaptive water infrastructure (Source: Environment Agency, July 2025). Flood Zone 2 Flood Zone 3 Hydrology and Flood Risk Overlay of Flood Zones 2 and 3 across Thamesmead, visualized within the urban street and housing fabric. The image highlights the extensive spatial extent of flood vulnerability in relation to existing infrastructure and neighborhoods. (Source: Environment Agency, Map data integrated in AutoCAD overlay, 2025) Sc. 1:5000 4 Sc. 1:5000 Residential Complex Open Space Land Use Distribution Map: Residential Complexes and Open Spaces This map highlights the spatial distribution of residential complexes and open spaces within Thamesmead. The visualization reveals a pattern of housing clusters surrounded by fragmented green areas. This supports the argument that despite the presence of green infrastructure, spatial disconnection persists - providing justification for integrated ecological interventions across residential and open zones. 5 Sc. 1:5000 Major park Neighb. Scale matrix Scrubland Other open space Inter road park Aerial and Ground Conditions Spatial analysis of Thamesmead reveals green access inequality, guiding future landscape interventions. (Base map overlaid in AutoCAD, satellite and street data source: Google Maps, 2025) 6 Sc. 1:5000 Play Grounds Bike Path Residential Initial spatial configuration for integrated ecological and community uses Thamesmead’s existing homes, vacant playgrounds, and a new This framework integrates riverside bike corridor to blend housing, recreation, and ecology. It reserves space for future community gardens, rainwater systems, and transitional landscapes while mapping site connections as a flexible placeholder before permanent designs. 7 Sc. 1:5000 Access Green Space Road Hydrological System Map of Hydrological and Infrastructural Systems in Thamesmead This analytical map illustrates the spatial configuration of access roads, existing green spaces, and natural hydrological systems across the Thamesmead site. The integration of these systems reveals critical relationships and constraints, supporting the ecological framework and informing future design interventions. 8 Topographic Model – Thamesmead Waterfront 3D Topographic Massing Model (Layered Contours): overall relief and indicative building masses shown to test setbacks, views, and grading. (Scale 1:500) 9 Case Studies Lessons from King’s Cross & Sherbourne Common King’s Cross reanimated Regent’s Canal as a blue-green spine, proving marginal land can anchor regeneration. Sherbourne Common integrates 240m of bioswales and UV-treated stormwater into a public park, making infrastructure experiential. Both inform Thamesmead by combining canal revival, safe-to-fail SuDS, and social activation into a cohesive urban-ecological system. Masterplan of King’s Cross Regeneration, highlighting the integration of the Regent’s Canal as an ecological corridor and the structuring 10 role of green public spaces. (Source: Townshend Landscape Architects, 2019) Sherbourne Common park, Toronto Waterfront. A 1.47 ha waterfront landscape integrating open stormwater channels, bioswales, green pedestrian corridors, and public gathering areas. (Source: Waterfront Toronto / Phillips Farevaag Smallenberg, 2011) 11 https://www.waterfrontoronto.ca/our-projects/stormwatertreatment-system Sherbourne Common 12 Design Proposal: Hydro-Ecological Framework Public Loop: The Spine of Resilience A 10km continuous Public Loop connects neighborhoods, parks, and the riverfront, using natural topography to guide runoff and create floodable terraces. Building heights step down toward water; mid-block links and woonerf streets prioritize pedestrians. This framework organizes hydrology, mobility, and community into a resilient urban structure. 13 Sc. 1:5000 Spatial Relationship between Residential Zones, Green Open Spaces and the Proposed Public Loop Road Residential Lake Open space Public Loop Connectivity This map illustrates the integration of residential areas, green open spaces, and water bodies through a continuous public loop. The loop supports pedestrian and ecological connectivity while enhancing accessibility to recreational areas. 14 https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/9a1520c424184f0a9fbcbefa6bf9a5ac 15 Landscape Infrastructure & SuDS From Fail-Safe to Safe-to-Fail Dormant canals become hybrid ecological corridors; streets and courtyards embed bioswales, rain gardens, and vegetated zones absorbing 30% of runoff. 50 hectares of floodable lawns act as buffers. This multifunctional SuDS network transforms risk into regenerative infrastructure, supporting biodiversity, recreation, and climate adaptation. https://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/wiki/Bioswales 16 17 https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/gi-bioswale-typical-details-2023.pdf Riverside Planting & Succession Detailed Riverside Edge Plan: Bike Corridor & Stormwater Landscape The river edge is reconfigured as a safe, segregated bike-and-walk corridor with permeable paving and curb protection. Terraced micro-topography routes runoff into rain gardens/bioswales for slowing, filtering, and seasonal storage, while layered tree/shrub planting provides shade, habitat, and park-to-waterfront connections. Detailed design plan-Thamesmead riverside edge with segregated cycle track, rain-garden swales, and tree planting. Scale 1:200. 18 Ecological Succession Along the Waterfront A layered planting palette uses flood-tolerant natives: Alnus glutinosa (canopy), Salix spp. (shrubs), and Carex (groundcover) to stabilize banks, filter runoff, and support habitat. Species are selected for seasonal performance and companion benefits, ensuring long-term ecological health and visual continuity across the riverside edge. Thamesmead Riverside Planting Palette: Trees, Shrubs & Grasses 19 Impact & Policy Recommendations Policy Shift: Landscape-First New Towns Principle Policy Proposal Thamesmead Outcome Landscape-First Start all plans with hydrology Replaces engineering-led Safe-to-Fail Mandate Ban concrete walls in Zone 3 Wetlands + Loop Equity by Design 400m green access minimum Public Loop delivers 20 Conclusion Ecological landscape design creates a new spatial logic in Thamesmead —water-driven, topographically responsive, socially equitable. By integrating safe-to-fail systems, continuous connectivity, and successional planting, it transforms a failing new town into a resilient, inclusive prototype. A Landscape-First Framework is proposed for all future UK new towns post-2025. Thamesmead: Prototype for Layered Resilience https://www.proctorandmatthews.com/project/thamesmead-masterplan21 bexley Riverfront Massing & Eco-Hydrological Edge These two 3D views present the final river-edge arrangement: a protected riverfront bike lane with a green buffer/bioswale terrace, lower building heights along the water to preserve views and walkability, mid-rise anchors near the lake and community uses, a public green loop connecting neighbourhoods to parks and the waterfront, and floodable lawns aligned with the natural topography to slow runoff and boost biodiversity. Riverfront Massing with Exposed Topography (Water Layer Off) - Scale (graphic): 100 m Riverfront Massing with Water Context - Scale (graphic): 100 m 22 Neighbourhood Core: Green Courtyards & Slow-Street Network In the residential core, continuous green courtyards and a slow-street (woonerf) hierarchy extend the public loop. Mid-block pedestrian/cycle links with rain gardens and bioswales connect pocket parks and floodable lawns. Building heights step down toward the river, while vehicular/service access is kept to the rear of blocks. Residential Courtyard Green Network & Mid-Block Links (PR) - Scale (graphic): 50 m Park–Cycleway–Street Connection via Raised Tables (PR) - Scale:Slow-Street Shared Surface with Street Trees & Furniture (PR) NTS Scale: NTS 23 Riverfront Cycleway & Park–Street Connectivity Riverfront Two-Way Cycleway with Green Buffer & Safety Railing (PR) Scale: NTS Thamesmead Hydro-Ecological Site Model (Scale 1:500) 24 References • Peabody. (2020). Thamesmead 2050: Unlocking Potential of London’s New Town. London: Peabody. • Greater London Authority (GLA). (2020). Thamesmead and Abbey Wood Opportunity Area Planning Framework. • Peabody & Karakusevic Carson Architects. (2024). South Thamesmead Phase 2 Masterplan. • Environment Agency. (2025). Flood Map for Planning – Thamesmead. Retrieved from https://flood-map-forplanning.service.gov.uk/ • Google Earth Pro. (2025). Thamesmead Satellite Imagery. © 2025 Google, CNES / Airbus, Maxar Technologies. • Peabody (2020). Thamesmead 2050 Framework. Peabody Group. • Gandy, M. (2013). Marginalia: Aesthetics, Ecology, and Urban Wastelands. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 103(6), 1301–1316. Greater London Authority (2020). Thamesmead and Abbey Wood Opportunity Area Planning Framework. GLA Planning Directorate. • Ahern, J. (2011). From Fail-Safe to Safe-to-Fail: Sustainability and Resilience in the New Urban World. Landscape and Urban Planning, 100(4), 341–343. Allies and Morrison. (2020). King’s Cross Central Masterplan. Retrieved from https://www.alliesandmorrison.com/projects/kings-cross • Townshend Landscape Architects. (2019). Regent’s Canal Corridor: Green and Blue Infrastructure Design. Retrieved from https://townshendla.com/projects/kings-cross-central-9 • Phillips Farevaag Smallenberg. (2011). Common Park. Toronto: Waterfront Toronto. • Waterfront Toronto. (2023). Rolling Five-Year Strategic Plan 2023/24–2027/28. Retrieved from https://www.waterfrontoronto.ca • Mostafavi, M. and Doherty, G. (2010). Ecological Urbanism. Harvard University Graduate School of Design. • Waldheim, C. (2016). Landscape as Urbanism: A General Theory. Princeton University Press. • Corner, J. (2006). Terra Fluxus. In Waldheim, C. (Ed.), The Landscape Urbanism Reader (pp. 21–33). Princeton Architectural Press. • Belanger, P. (2009). Landscape Infrastructure: Urbanism Beyond Engineering. Landscape Journal, 28(1), 79–95. • Shoard, M. (2002). Edgelands. In Jenkins, J. (Ed.), Remaking the Landscape: The Changing Face of Britain (pp. 117–146). Profile Books. • • • Vale, L. J. and Campanella, T. J. (Eds.). (2005). The Resilient City: How Modern Cities Recover from Disaster. Oxford University Press. • Soja, E. W. (2010). Seeking Spatial Justice. University of Minnesota Press. • Harvey, D. (1996). Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference. Blackwell. the Sherbourne