صفحه 1:
ROAD ECOLOGY
Topic of the lesson: example (Landscape Ecology)
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صفحه 2:
صفحه 3:
+ Humans are responsible for the current unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss across _
the globe with climate change, pollution, and-the loss, fragmentation, and degradation of
habitat being the major drivers of extinction (Vitousek et al. 1997). Roads and other
linear infrastructure are a major cause of habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation
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Worldwide, there are already an 3 nny ees travelling on approximately
50 million km of public road, and the road network and traffic volumes are still increasing,
صفحه 4:
« Roads are known to cause significant damage to forests, prairies, streams and
wetlands. Besides the direct habitat loss due to the road itself, and the roadkill of
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create disturbance that alters the species composition of nearby ات تب thereby
reducing habitat for local native animals, and act Eo 97۲5 سح تحص
صفحه 5:
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صفحه 6:
Noise pollution is a factor of environmental degradation |
that is often overlooked and typically seen as not having a
significant impact, though traffic noise can contribute to
numerous disturbances for wildlife.
صفحه 7:
Few studies have been done on road ecology, and even fewer on the effects of
noise on wildlife, though one study revealed that noise can have a negative
impact, particularly on birds. Noise from major roads can interrupt the calls of song
birds, and their instinctive calls associated with mating, communication, migration,
and other purposes are hindered by noise from roads. This did not ly
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species abundance declined around major roads due to nd
صفحه 8:
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increase in their mortality rates,
PETER RABBITS LAST ADVENTURE
صفحه 9:
Wildlife crossings that allow animals to safely cross human-made barriers
such as roads, are intended not only to reduce roadkill, but ideally to
provide connectivity of habitat areas, combating habitat fragmentation.
Wildlife crossings may include: underpass tunnels, viaducts, and
ریت زا
صفحه 10:
In Washington County, North Carolina, along Highway 64, a study was
conducted to analyze the effects of wildlife underpasses on the local wildlife.
Three wildlife underpasses were built with fencing around the highway in the
study zones.
The study showed that deer used the underpasses 01 ech muels( up 93%
of all crossings. Mortality rates were calculated and showed that the numbers of
deaths were lower near underpasses. This cannot be said about all animals.
Some have smaller home ranges so they were not تیا to ات to
pu ee to cross the 10 Underpass would most lil
صفحه 11:
و رتیت
_ competition as part of
the IENE 2010
ان كر زیت
Hungarian school
children to portray the
conflict, and solutions,
between roads and
wildlife.
صفحه 12:
award-winning
Secret Nes
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Alberta, Canada in
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relics
Banff National Park
صفحه 13:
A eots) 1= ترا
https://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org
ecology and society
journal
Effects of Roads and Traffic on Wildlife Populations and Landscape Function: Road Ecology
is Moving toward Larger Scales
Rodney van der Ree?, Jochen A. G. Jaeger?, Edgar A. van der Grift? and
Anthony P. Clevenger *
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Environment, Quebec, Canada, *Alterra, Wageningen UR, Netherlands, ‘Western Transportation
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