کروماتوگرافی گازی

صفحه 1:
xast Introduction of Gas Chromatography ‏ی خسن‎ Volume 2, Pac line 188% 2588-6115. ‘lie Sota! "snd Br Mob Abelson? ۷ اف : | ۱۱۱۱۱۱۱۱۱۱۱۱۱۱۱۱ - 1 ۱۱۱۱ 

صفحه 2:
hromatography as a preliminary method is powerful method for the separation of organic and inorganic compounds. Gas chromatography is used as one of the subsets of the methods of chromatography for the separation of volatile compounds and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer system is one of the most advanced and most widely used devices for the division and identification of compounds. Different com- ponents such as injection sit, oven, column and detector have been installed in devices to increase performance of separation of chemical compounds. One of this detectors is the MASS and FID, each of wich plays a special role. The basis of this method is when moving various compounds present in the sample injected into device and their ten- dency to be in 2 phases. Chromatography-MASS spectrometer method in addition to separating has power to identification compounds, therefore a mass-spectrometer de- tector is use to determine the nature and chemical of isolated compounds. Here, the compounds of a mixture after separation with chromatography columns, inter to ion- ization environment ionized. Then thy are separated by mass-to-load ratio using a mass analyzer. أعدعاوطم 

صفحه 3:
1- peperation of organic and inorganic 2- As one ۳ the subsets of the chromatography for the separation of volatile ۸۵ 3- Injection sit, oven, column and detector 4- MASS and FID 

صفحه 4:
5- The basis of this method is when moving various compounds present in the sample injected into device and thain tandAanarr ta ha D0 ‏ممم د ماهد‎ 6- Identification compounds 7- Determine the nature and chemical ‏ب‎ ‎of isolated 

صفحه 5:
1- Introduction + Depends on the relative affinity of the chemical compounds between the two phases + Stationary phase + Mobile phase James and Martin to isolate small amounts of fatty * Gas chromatography (GC) was used in 1950 by S acids 

صفحه 6:
2- Gas chromatography * Different behavior of volatile compounds in the presence of chromatographic columns based on their physical and chemical differences, which is used to separate and measure volatile components + Separate benzene from cyclohexane * Detect impurities in a volatile substance or small amounts of pesticides in the skin of fruits and to measure gases and material pollution ۹ ۰22۵۵00555555558 

صفحه 7:
2- 65 chromatography a gas.The stationary phase is a solid or liquid adsorbent coated or bonded with a solid on the column wall. * Gas-solid chromatography (GSC) = ۱ ics tw phases, liquid and gas ee (3 ‏مس‎ * Gas-liquid chromatography(GL@he carrier gas must be an inert gas 

صفحه 8:
2- 5 chromatography roliter of the liquid sample is injected into the sample by means of SHPRGIAL SYREN GIGHility Gas samples ٠ the sample turns into gas as a result of the heat generated by the electrical system and goes to the column mixed with the carrier gas. — * Separating materials in a column According to their distribution coefficient ide: isolated c 

صفحه 9:
Important applications of gas chromatography ۱ and 1de ation O ic compounds **Determining the structure of organic compounds in rubber “Analysis of some nanoparticle drugs 

صفحه 10:
regulator tool > Injector > Oven >Column » Detector 

صفحه 11:
۹ detectors * ThermalConductivityDetector(TCD) « FlamelonizationDetector(FID) " ElectronCaptureDetector(ECD) " ThermionicDetector(TID) = AtomicEmissionDetector(AED) = MassSpectrometryDetector(MSD) " NitrogenPhosphorousDetector(NPD) 

صفحه 12:
Mass spectrometer ass-to-charge ratio of molecules using electric and magnetic fields GC " The integrated device (GC-MS) = MASS Plant essential oils that have a low boiling point or due to the combination of some reactants or special solvents, they can escape " Separated{py a colum Wy ee removing the ‘en 1 7 resulting gijs 00 ۱ = enter the ionization 1 \\\\ I / source | eae identification of the 

صفحه 13:
5- Types of columns in gas chromatography - Made of glass, metal, steel, masonry or aluminum - Length of two to three meters and an inner diameter of two to four millimeters 5-5055 - Compacted and finely filled with fillers ‏هد‎ 2. Capillarycolumn > Solid support coated - (WCOT} covered with a thin layer of stationary p. ‏م‎ ‎- (SCOT) covered with a thin liner (about r- pm) 

صفحه 14:
6- Sample injection methods » Injecting a sample is to use a microsyringe through a septum into the instantaneous evaporator valve at the top of the column = » Capillary columns require much smaller amounts of the 527 6 1: Capill jeguiator Hot “Direct vapiliary SS Packed ie Split/Splitless Mester Injector Injector ‘Septum ier Septum 5 < ‏موم‎ ‎3 ‎0 ee ‏سس‎ ‏یا‎ ‎Programmable ‎Capitary Split Valve i. GC =~ Column 

صفحه 15:
7- Oven * The location of the columns * Column temperature is an importantgvariable | Depends on the boiling point of the sample and the separation temperature * The temperature control—Isother —— Temperature is | ‏و‎ _ 1803187 15 nt increase continuously or in stages as the separation is in progress 

صفحه 16:
The process of analysis by gas : ‏یه‎ injected into the hot chamber of the injector using a a micro-syringe (for example, liquid (or gas syringe) for the gas sample). 2. The sample components evaporate immediately in contact with the high temperature of the injector and are guided along with the flow of carrier gas to the column inside the oven with adjustable temperature. 3. Each sample component interacts separately with the static phase inside the column. 4. After each component leaves the column and reaches the detector, an electrical signal is generated whose intensity is proportional to the small amount of that component. 5. The generated electrical signal is sent to the chromatogram drawing machine and the results are calculated and the final 

صفحه 17:
phy is a suitable method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of a wide range of compounds such as volatile compounds, toxins, fatty acids, etc., which can be installed by installing different detectors and pairing them together for further investigation. True achieved interesting results. 11ت رتور و ‎i‏ 

صفحه 18: