Introduction to Transportation Planning

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CE 350 Introduction to Transportation Planning TPH Chapter 3 Commodity Flows and Freight Transportation 

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Have an Understanding To see how global commodity flow impacts transportation planning at the MPO level. 

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Lecture Points * Statistics are now available for commodity movements * Visualize commodity flows/freight transportation from Glebal National & State MPOs * How data sources are utilized by DOTs and MPOs 

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Changes Since You know 1992 ¢ ISTEA created the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) ¢ The Interstate Commerce Commission was eliminated (had been in place for 100 yrs.) ¢ Functions transferred to motor carrier financial data collection program of BTS 

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PIeigiie Within the Urban . in-time” delivery System * Growing air freight movements ¢ Supply chains that extend around the We globe must . . unde< ° Cannot just count trucks in the traffic r- flow stan | * We need to understand freight movement q * About 1/2 of urban transportatio~ ۳ 1 tas) costs are related to freight ~ si 

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Current Status of Statistical Programs 

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Census Bureau Surveys * Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) - 1993 and 1997 * Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey (VIUS) - 1997 - Truck trip table input for regional modeling * BTS is developing a Truck Trip Estimation Procedure (TTEP) (uses data from the 1997 survey) 

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19923 Cro Conducted by BTS * Provides information on - value - weight - mode 1 - distance shipped ¢ Shipped by - Manufacturing - mining - Wholesale trade - retail and services 

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* Data source advantage of ‘93 CFS Two { - Covers local freight & intercity shipments Big - Identifies parcel post and courier as One separate mode of transportation 5 - Includes freight movement between coastal ports - First time freight movement by intermodal combination of carriers was estimated * New data was collected__ 999999 - Container dime - Hazardous materials - Which commodities were exports 

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Management Systems And Freight Advisory Councils * ISTEA mandated 6 management systems - Now are voluntary * Intermodal Management Systems (IMS) ۰ Freight Ag formed PEs ouiicils were 

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Commodity Flows & Freight Transportation Glob al National and ¢ State MPOs 

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Banana Facts * Bananas are Americas # 1 fruit ¢ The average American consumes 28 pounds annually * Over 96% of our households buy then at least once a month ¢ They are not grown commercially in the continental US but in Latin and South America * Bananas are harvested every day of the year and are available to us year around 

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Shipping ¢ The fRaAn@hasa in 40-pound corrugated boxes ¢ They are loaded into special refrigerated truckload-sized containers and driven to a sea port ¢ Bananas are loaded on ships within 24 to 48 hours after being cut form the plant ۰ They are shipped at a carefully maintained temperature of 582 * Before shipping to retail outlets, they are ripened in temperature and humidity controlled rooms. 

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he United States and Global Freight Transportation 

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Factors Affecting International Freight Flows * National and regional economies are dynamic * Business production and distribution has changed * Regional and global tr> +> 2creements ¢ Transportation infrasti $< 5 more choice in sitingn ۵ 7 ۱ 9 

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Waterborne 7 Freight ‏ی سم سا‎ * Between 1970 and 1995" 5 - International waterborne freight nearly doubled - Domestic waterborne freight + 15% * Imports and exports increased through coastal ports, but * Declined for Great Lakes ports 

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Air Freight * Imports and exports shipped by air has grown - 1970 = 11% of all international trade value - 1994 = 25% * Air is still a small potion of the weight shipped 

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Surface Freight * Canada and Mexico are largest trading partners ٠ Detroit, Buffalo and Port Huron are gateway ports with Canada * Laredo is dominant gateway port with Mexico * Our East-West highway and rail orientation links Pacific coast with Atlantiqgnd lf coast E 

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Will Policy Change Freight Patterns? * 1993 North American Free Trade Agreement - With Canada and Mexico * 1995 World Trade Organization (WTO) Here are two that have!! 

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National and State Freight Transportation: State to State U.S. Commodity Flows 

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Commodity Movement in the US ¢ Measured by the 1993 CFS * Major categories of freight shipment - Raw materials - Farm and food products - Manufactured, industrial and consumer products - Household and business moving - Municipal solid waste and other waste materials 

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Intrastate and Interstate Freight Movement aay 

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lruck onipments 11ج مو جح ۲ 

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Iowa Truck Shipments - 1993 Millions $ Total |Within| To | From | Throug h $| 35,046] 33,76] 39,21] 173,553 281,578} 12% 3 7 62% 12%| 14% 

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Iowa Truck Shipments - 1993 Millions - Ton Miles Total |Within| To From | Throug h 25,429) 6,539] 2,676] 3,098) 13,116 25%| 11%] 12% 52% 

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Shipments by Mode Table 3-4 U.S. Freight Shipments by Transportation Mode: 1993 Value ‘Tons Toa-miles. Value. = Tons. Ton-m (billions) (millions) (millions) (percent) pewent) Total CFS plus ORNL estimates 36.124 7 ‏ونه‎ 1000 100.0 + Truck (Forchire and private 4403 6.386 ng ‏ود‎ 200 Water ‏اله ف اك‎ 4 24 ‏ممی لك المع‎ 042,56 260 Pipeline 80 343 $92,900 0 16.3 Aie (including truck and air 9 3 4,009 0 Intermodal total 208 18 65 Parcel, postal, and courier serv 19 93 04 ‏اس‎ 41 14 Lo. (Other intermodal combinations lag 92 5۱ Unknown saa 40 27 

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Freight Transportation at the Metropolitan Level 

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Sources of Freight Data * FHWA survey of MPOs * NCHRP 8-30 surveyed DOTs and MPOs * Conclusion - Most state and MPO planners have little experience in freight forecasting * Product developed - “A Freight Data Handbook for States and MPOs” 

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TMIP Freight Track Projects * Respond to requirements of ISTEA * Program links transportation to - air quality - energy - economic growth - land use - overall quality of life 

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Truck Trip Estimation Procedure (TTEP * It is a technique to extract data from the census’ Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey ٠ Allows calculation of averages for planning purposes * TEA 21 provided funds to develop software usable by MPOs - Provides for a common output from each region of the country 

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Data Bases & Studies for MPO’s 

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Census and BTS Data Bases sre bMS, Other. Data SQUECES oo. U.S. DOTs and BTS’ National Transportation Library Census and BTS’ Commodity Flow Survey: 1993 FRA’s and BTS’ Tail Waybill Data: 1988 - 1992 BTS’ and ORNL’s National Transportation Atlas Databases (NTAD), 1997 Census, County Business Patterns Census’ and BTS’s Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey 

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¢ FHWA Motor Carrier Management Information System * BTS’ State Freight Profiles - Transportation facilitie| - Commodity movement ‏ز‎ ‎- Exports to impo} - Rail shipments 5 - Waterborne commerce - Transportation establishments - Truck registration and vehicle miles traveled - Motor carrier statistics - Fatal truck crashes - Rail accidents - Hazardous materials incidents 

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‎Arducis‏ م5 ها ‎Bi Gane Qoducis‏ ‎DOsckiveny‏ ‎DOkewical Qoducts‏ ‎Bi @ecincal Dackicens‏ ‎Dl Oker Orarxondtties |‏ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎9۵:۳۵ ‎ ‎ 

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B Good Qoduris Bore Qoduris OQoavetalic Dicerals Ove vr var ‏دعاص‎ Bi Qetroleuw vr Oval oducts DOker Oouxvodites 9 و9۵۳۵ 

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Qweoodities Chipped by Ratt to bua اد له ‎Bre Avdurts:‏ OOCkewivals Obed Qodurts BQoovetalic Oraerats| % oP Orte ‏بو‎ Oowrrdity: 

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Oowerdities Chipped by Rail Gow bwa 8 2 8ه 90 oF Grate Tord Bore Aodurts Wibod Qodurts OOkewruls OQ@ass aad Qooe ‏تال‎ Oiaerals مرانك موی 

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Applications of CFS in State and MPO Planning 

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4 Frojects ۱۳۵ ‏دیا 96لا‎ Data in State and MPO * Biddle, saurultan Ry and Perincherry, 1997 - Develop a model that is both spatially and temporally transferable that will translate nationally available yearly commodity flows into daily truck trips * Black, 1997 and 1998 - Model estimates the production and attraction of 19 commodity groups and two types of mail - Looks primarily at the highway and rail sectors 

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* Earlbam, 1998 - Provides overview of commodity flow in New York State - Combines data from * 1993 Commodity Flow Survey * 1993 U.S. Waterway Data * Trans-border Surface Freight Transportation Data ¢ Kirshnan and Hancock, 1998 - Methodology for calculating truck flows on highways - Combines * 1993 Commodity Flow Survey * Highway Performance Monitoring System 

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Lecture Points * Statistics are now available for commodity movements ¢ Visualize commodity flows/freight transportation from Glebal National & State MPOs ٠ How data sources are utilized by DOTs and MPOs 

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CE 350 Introduction to Transportation Planning TPH Chapter 3 Commodity Flows and Freight Transportation