Mixing Python and Java

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Mixing Python and Java How Python and Java can communicate and work together EuroPython 2009 (June 30th 2009, Birmingham) Andreas Schreiber <Andreas.Schreiber@dlr.de> German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany http://www.dlr.de/sc Folie 1 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Follow this presentation… Live! PowerPoint to Twitter! twitter.com/python_demo Folie 2 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Final Version of this Slides is available on SlideShare http://tr.im/ep09java Folie 3 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 DLR German Aerospace Center Research Institution Space Agency Project Management Agency Folie 4 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Locations and employees 6000 employees across 29 research institutes and facilities at  13 sites.  Hamburg Bremen-  Trauen   Neustrelitz Berlin-  Braunschweig   Goettingen Offices in Brussels, Paris and Washington.  Koeln  Bonn  Lampoldshausen  Stuttgart Weilheim   Oberpfaffenhofen Folie 5 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Research Areas Aeronautics Space Transport Energy Space Agency Project Management Agency Folie 6 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Mixing Python and Java? Is it all about Jython ? Folie 7 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Mixing Python and Java? Outline Accessing Python from Java Jython JEPP Accessing Java from Python JPype JCC Inter-process communication CORBA SOAP Other remote object libraries Folie 8 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Java Why People are Using Java? Widely used in many different application domains industry/business, research, academia Available on many different platforms Good performance good Garbage Collector (and no GIL) Many, many libraries E.g., for data base access, XML processing, PDF generation, security, or user interfaces Availability of good documentation for all aspects of Java programming Very good development tools Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ IDEA, … Folie 9 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Python Why People are Using Python? Python in Research and Industry Scientists and engineers don’t want to write software but just solve their problems If they have to write code, it must be as easy as possible Reasons for Python? “I want to design planes, not software!” Very easy to learn and easy to use ( = steep learning curve) Allows rapid development ( = short development time) Inherent great maintainability Folie 10 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 “ Python has the cleanest, most-scientist- or engineer friendly syntax and semantics. -Paul F. Dubois Paul F. Dubois. Ten good practices in scientific programming. Comp. In Sci. Eng., Jan/Feb 1999, pp.7-11 Folie 11 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Why Mixing Java and Python? Embedded scripting and more… Many mature Java applications and frameworks exists Lots of commercial and Open Source software systems and libraries For example, The Eclipse Universe, Apache-Software, PortalFrameworks, Workflows systems, … Common use cases Add embedded (Python) scripting to Java applications Use Java libraries from Python code Folie 12 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Why Mixing Java and Python? Integration of Python code into Java applications… Existing code or libraries exist either for Java or Python only Effort to re-implement the functionalities could be very high If the library is very well tested, it could be an enormous effort to reach a comparable level of quality Common use cases Just use an existing library from the “other” language Especially, use Python code (or C/Fortran/WHATEVER code with Python wrappers) from Java Its harder to wrap C codes in Java than in Python (see CTypes) Folie 13 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Example QF-Test – Automated GUI Testing Folie 14 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Example TENT – Software Integration and Workflow Management Folie 15 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Use Cases for Python Scripting (1) Steering and controlling the program by user defined scripts Applications are complex parameter variations or steering multidisciplinary coupled simulations Automation of repeating tasks In most cases, this is called “macro” recording and replaying Extending user interfaces For example, with additional customized dialogs and other extensions In Java, this requires scripts which use the Java GUI libraries (AWT, Swing, or SWT) Integration of additional legacy tools Important and widely used for integration and workflow systems End users can integrate external codes without changing the Java program itself Folie 16 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Use Cases for Python Scripting (2) Interactive experimentation and debugging of the Java program Can be easily done with an embedded interactive interpreter Allows end users and software developers to debug and analyze the Java program during runtime Creating automated tests for quality assurance Recording user actions during runtime of the Java program as a Python script (“Journaling") Editing and generalizing the recorded script Replaying the script manually or automatically Folie 17 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Example: Codes with Python Interfaces Numerical Simulation Software in C++ or Fortran X-31 Eurofighter Examples for high-definition CFD-Solver with Python interfaces DLR TAU-Code (http://www.dlr.de/as) ONERA elsA-Code (http://elsa.onera.fr) Integration into Java workflow systems with the following techniques… Folie 18 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Python Interpreter Python Python Code Code Tools for Python-Java-Integration Python Interpreter Python Python Code Code JPype JPype Jython Jython JEPP JEPP Python Python Code Code JNI Interface/Protokoll Java Java Code Code (Anwendung) (Anwendung) Python Python Code Code Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Folie 19 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Accessing Python from Java Use cases The application should have embedded scripting functionality. The application should use an external code written in Python. The application should use an external code written in Python or other languages such as C, C++, Fortran. Tools Jython JEPP Folie 20 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Jython Complete re-implementation of the Python interpreter in Java Python code runs in the Java VM Website: http://www.jython.org Latest version: Jython 2.5 For details & questions, catch Tobias Ivarsson Frank Wierzbicki Python Code Jython Java Application Code Java Virtual Machine and others here at EuroPython  Folie 21 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Jython Code Example 1: Java code Execute Python code import org.python.util.PythonInterpreter ; import org.python.core.*; class TestClass { public static void main(String[] args) { try { org.python.util.PythonInterpreter python = new org.python.util.PythonInterpreter (); python.execfile("python_script.py"); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println(“Some error!"); } } Folie 22 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Jython Code Example 2: Python code Use Swing from javax.swing import * frame = JFrame("Hello Jython") label = JLabel("Hello Jython!", JLabel.CENTER) frame.add(label) frame.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE) frame.setSize(200, 100) frame.show() Folie 23 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 JEPP Java Embedded Python Python Interpreter Embeds CPython interpreter via Java Native Interface (JNI) in Java Python Code Python code runs in CPython Website: http://jepp.sourceforge.net/ JNI JEPP Java Application Code Java Virtual Machine Folie 24 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 JEPP Code Example Execute (“evaluate”) Python statements Jep jep = new Jep(false, SCRIPT_PATH, cl); jep.eval("print 'hello'"); jep.close(); Execute a Python script file Jep jep = new Jep(false, SCRIPT_PATH, cl); jep.runScript(SCRIPT_PATH + file); jep.close(); Folie 25 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Accessing Java from Python Use cases The application should use an external Java application. The application should use a Java library. Tools JPype JCC Folie 26 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 JPype Java to Python Integration Interface on native level of both (Java & Python) Virtual Machines/Interpreters Python Interpreter Python Application Code Starts a Java Virtual Machine JPype Website: http://jpype.sourceforge.net JNI Java Application Code Java Virtual Machine Folie 27 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 JPype Code Example (1) Hello World from jpype import * # Start JVM startJVM (path to jvm.dll, "-ea") # Print "Hello World" java.lang.System.out.println("Hello World") # Shutdown JVM shutdownJVM() Folie 28 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 JPype Code Example (2) Call Java methods from Python import jpype # Start JVM jpype.startJVM(path to jvm.dll, "-ea") # Create reference to java package javaPackage = jpype.JPackage("JavaPackageName") # Create reference to java class javaClass = javaPackage.JavaClassName # Create instance of java class javaObject = javaClass() # Call java methods javaObject.JavaMethodName() # Shutdown JVM jpype.shutdownJVM() Folie 29 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 JCC PyLucene's Code Generator C++ code generator for calling Java from C++/Python C++ object interface for wrapping a Java library via JNI Generates complete CPython extension Supported on Mac OS X, Linux, Solaris and Windows, requires C++ compiler Website: http://lucene.apache.org /pylucene/jcc Python Interpreter Python Code Generated C++ Wrapper Code JNI JCC Code Generator Java Application Code pythonExtension() Part of PyLucene Java Virtual Machine Folie 30 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 JCC Code Example Requirement: VM initialization import jcc # Start JVM jcc.initVM(maxheap=‘2000m’, …) Folie 31 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 JCC Code Example Using PyLucene: Search Lucene Index Search for „Query“ in directory „index“ from lucene import QueryParser, IndexSearcher, StandardAnalyzer, FSDirectory, Hit, VERSION, initVM, CLASSPATH initVM(CLASSPATH) directory = FSDirectory.getDirectory(“index”, False) searcher = IndexSearcher(directory) analyzer = StandardAnalyzer() command = raw_input("Query:") query = QueryParser("contents", analyzer).parse(command) hits = searcher.search(query) for hit in hits: doc = Hit.cast_(hit).getDocument() print 'path:', doc.get("path"), 'name:', doc.get("name") searcher.close() Folie 32 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Inter-Process Communication Inter-process communication (IPC) is data exchange between different processes on one or more computers connected by a network Typical IPC techniques are remote procedure calls (RPC) message passing. The most common APIs are Object Request Broker (ORB) or Web Services protocols based on XML. A drawback is the need for additional services, such as a directory service for registration and location of remote objects Naming Service for CORBA Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) for Web Services Folie 33 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Object Request Broker (ORBs) CORBA IDL IDL Compiler Generated Java Code (Stub) Java Virtual Machine ORB Java Application Code (Client) Generated Python Code (Skeleton) Python Application Code (Server) Python Interpreter Folie 34 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 CORBA Implementations for Python Fnorb Pure Python implementation that works with CPython and Jython. It is a light-weight CORBA implementation and interoperable with the standard Java ORB. The development of Fnorb has ended. omniORB An ORB implementation for C++ and Python that can be used from CPython. The Python ORB (omniORBpy) uses the C++ implementation of omniORB. omniORB is actively developed with regular releases. Website: http://omniorb.sourceforge.net Folie 35 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 CORBA Example Interface Hello World interface in Interface Definition Language (IDL) module HelloWorld { const string Message = "Hello CORBA World!"; interface Hello { string hello_world(); }; }; Folie 36 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 CORBA Example Python Server (Fnorb): Implementation of Interface # Standard/built-in modules. import sys # Fnorb modules. from Fnorb.orb import BOA, CORBA # Stubs and skeletons generated by 'fnidl'. import HelloWorld, HelloWorld_skel class HelloWorldServer(HelloWorld_skel.Hello_skel): """ Implementation of the 'Hello' interface. """ def hello_world(self): print HelloWorld.Message return HelloWorld.Message Folie 37 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 CORBA Example Python Server (Fnorb): Main Function def main(argv): # Initialise ORB and BOA orb = CORBA.ORB_init(argv, CORBA.ORB_ID) boa = BOA.BOA_init(argv, BOA.BOA_ID) # Create object reference obj = boa.create('fred', HelloWorldServer._FNORB_ID) # Create an instance of the implementation class. impl = HelloWorldServer() # Activate the implementation boa.obj_is_ready(obj, impl) # Write the stringified object reference to a file open('Server.ref', 'w').write(orb.object_to_string(obj)) boa._fnorb_mainloop() # Start the event loop return 0 Folie 38 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 CORBA Example Java Client public class Client { public static void main ( String args[] ) { java.util.Properties props = System.getProperties(); try { org.omg.CORBA.ORB orb = org.omg.CORBA.ORB.init(args,props); org.omg.CORBA.Object obj = null; java.io.BufferedReader in = new java.io.BufferedReader( new java.io.FileReader(“Server.ref")); String ref = in.readLine(); obj = orb.string_to_object(ref); Hello hello = HelloHelper.narrow(obj); hello.hello_world(); orb.destroy(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } Folie 39 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Web Services: SOAP WSDL WSDL Compiler Python Application Code (Client) Generated Python Code (Stub) Python Interpreter Generated Java Code (Skeleton) Java Application Code (Server) Servlet Container Java Virtual Machine Folie 40 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Web Services for Python Zolera SOAP Infrastructure (ZSI) For Python the only remaining SOAP toolkit of considerable quality is the Zolera SOAP Infrastructure (ZSI) Folie 41 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Other Remote Object Libraries Python Remote Objects (Pyro) Pyro is similar to Java's Remote Method Invocation (RMI). It is simple, very portable, and works with Jython. Brings its own Naming Service for locating remote objects. Pyro is actively developed with regular new releases. Simple Python Interface to Remote Objects (SPIRO) SPIRO implements an ORB and is developed as a bridge between CPython and Jython. The development has ended. Folie 42 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Conclusions I Jython … but there are alternatives which makes sense for certain use cases! Folie 43 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009 Questions? Contact http://tr.im/schreiber twitter.com/onyame python@dlr.de Folie 44 EuroPython 2009 > Andreas Schreiber > Mixing Python and Java > 01.07.2009