Thinking About Cloud Computing
اسلاید 1: A Mainframe Guy Is Still Thinking About Cloud ComputingGlenn Anderson, IBM TrainingSt. Louis CMGFebruary 2011
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اسلاید 3: 3Computing models: A bit of history……1950’s / 60’s / 70’s - CentralizedSharing and reliabilityDumb, text-based terminals ----> PC’s1980’s - Distributed client serverLow costs and simplicityPC’s ----> mobile devices and sensorsMid 1990’s - Internet / WebOn demand computing
اسلاید 4: 4Dissatisfiers Disruptions / Technology Shifts1980’s - how long it took IT to meet departmental needs1990’s - thousands of physicists in the world who wanted access to data at CERNToday - IT apps are too costly and too difficult to use
اسلاید 5: 5The New Cloud Computing ModelInternet / WebLinux / Open SourceGrid…Autonomic…..SOA…..On DemandWeb 2.0Social NetworkingExplosive rise of intelligent mobile devices - Blackberrys, iPhones, notebooks, sensorsA confluence of forces building over the past decade….the evolution of the internet
اسلاید 6: 6What is cloud computing?A user experience and a business modelCloud computing is an emerging style of IT delivery in which applications, data, and IT resources are rapidly provisioned and provided as standardized offerings to users over the web in a flexible pricing model.An infrastructure management and services delivery methodologyCloud computing is a way of managing large numbers of highly virtualized resources such that, from a management perspective, they resemble a single large resource. This can then be used to deliver services with elastic scaling.Monitor & Manage Services & ResourcesCloud AdministratorDatacenter InfrastructureService Catalog,Component LibraryCloud consumersStaff and cloud facilitatorsPublish & Update Components,Service Templates CloudAccess Services
اسلاید 7: 7=OPTIMIZED BUSINESS …allowing you to optimize new investments for direct business benefits=AGILITY+BUSINESS & IT ALIGNMENT+SERVICE FLEXIBILITYINDUSTRY STANDARDS+Cloud-onomics… CLOUD COMPUTING=Reduced Cost ….leverages virtualization, standardization and automation to free up operational budget for new investment=VIRTUALIZATION+ENERGY EFFICIENCY+STANDARDIZATIONAUTOMATION+
اسلاید 8: 8Some Characteristics of Cloud ComputingInternet of ServicesUser experienceDecouple delivery from technologyProcess-oriented, industrialized approachVirtualized AssetsSecurityGreen footprintMulti-tenantFlexible acquisition model
اسلاید 9: 9...service sourcing and service valueCloud Computing Delivery Models ORGANIZATIONCULTUREGOVERNANCEFlexible Delivery ModelsPublic …Service provider owned and managed.Access by Subscription.Delivers select set of standardized business process, application and/or infrastructure services on a flexible price per use basis.Private …Privately owned and managed.Access limited to client and its partner network.Drives efficiency, standardization and best practices while retaining greater customization and controlCloud Services Cloud Computing Model.… Customization, efficiency, availability, resiliency, security and privacy .…Standardization, capital preservation, flexibility and time to deploy Hybrid …Access to client, partner network, and third party resources
اسلاید 10: 10Why the crazy interest in cloud computing today?IT needs to deliver service, to meet the needs of the business you are supportingIT has not been doing a good job of this. Users are not satisfiedA private cloud is a model for IT to do a better job of delivering services to end usersIT needs to operate as a value center. When IT is a cost center, the only thing they ask you to do is cut costs!
اسلاید 11: 11Infrastructure as a ServicePlatform as a ServiceHigh VolumeTransactionsSoftware as a ServiceServersNetworkingStorageMiddlewareCollaborationBusiness ProcessesCRM/ERP/HRIndustry ApplicationsData Center FabricShared virtualized, dynamic provisioningDatabaseWeb 2.0 ApplicationRuntimeJavaRuntimeDevelopmentToolingThe layers of IT-as-a-Service
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اسلاید 13: SaaS or POWA? (Plain Old Web App)Amount of stored data?Criticality of data?Customizable?Complexity?Organization mandate?Customer-side Admins?Payment?SLA?Compliance?On-premise alternative?On-demand?Scalable?Pay-per-use?Computational service?APIs?Standards?Etc…
اسلاید 14: A Slight Adjustment
اسلاید 15: 15A “Service”A discrete set of business or technical functionality that can be identified, has a defined set of input and output, and is reusable User“Consumer”Service“Producer”InputOutputDiscrete – can be contained within a definite and known “fence”Identified -- it’s recognized as a service and people acknowledge it as a serviceDefined – the input and the outputs are known and understoodReusable – is not just a one-time thingThere’s nothing revolutionary about this. What’s different is that we’re coming to a point where improvements in technology have allowed us to do this better than before:Settled on a universal and common networking protocol -- TCP/IPNetworking bandwidth is increasingly available, cheap and reliableThe idea of “industry standards” has matured and is embraced rather than resistedJava as a platform-unaware language has opened up a new world of interoperabilityInterfaceImplementationExactly how the service is implemented behind the interface doesn’t really matter to the consumer of the service
اسلاید 16: 16Two Perspectives of the Same ThingDepending on who you are and how you approach this, the concept of a “Service” takes on different meaningsBusiness manager or business consultantIT specialist or architectReceivingStockingOrder CreationFulfillmentShippingMatch to Purchase OrderQuantity ReconciliationInitiate payment to vendorReserve stocking locationCreate order recordReserve stock quantityCreate order pick ticketCreate shipping labelUpdate order recordView business process as a set of functional services linked in a specified flowView as a set of computing actions – programs, subroutines, transactions, etc.Both important! This is why you often see discussions that cross over from technology into business consulting languageThis is where discussions of process re-engineering and business alignment to services orientation comes from. More business consulting than I/T architecture
اسلاید 17: 17SOA – Service Oriented Architecture and Cloud Computing??A standard that supports cloud computing. SOA makes it possible to integrate new cloud-optimized workloads and platforms with the company’s existing infrastructure
اسلاید 18: 18Composite Applications Built on a String of ServicesExtending the concept … once a library of reusable services has been built, future applications can be built by stringing services together:StartCheck InventoryIn Stock?Reserve Item for SaleProcess BackorderRequest Stock ReplenishApplication AApplication BApplication CThis illustrates the benefits of re-use.
اسلاید 19: 19Web Service Inside of WebSphere Application ServerIs implemented as a Java program -- EJB or Javabean. The interface provides the standard Web Service features; the rest may do whatever you wish to provide the service. And with WebSphere, many options exist:Application ServerStandard Web Service interfaceImplemention of the serviceJDBCJCAJMS / MQHTTP / SOAPRMI/IIOPDB2, Oracle, etc.CICS, IMS, SAP, etc.Any message based resourceA website, or another web serviceEJBWeb Service ClientTwo key points:WebSphere Application Server can access a wide range of resources on z/OSWhen WebSphere and the resources are both on z/OS, you can benefit from close proximityCross memory speed; reduced TCP processing; potential reduced security complexity
اسلاید 20: 20 Approaches to Cloud ComputingBuild a public cloud and market its services externallyPurchase services from a public cloud3. Build your own private cloud, using technology that exhibits the characteristics of cloud computing4. Enhance your service delivery to embrace the public cloud computing model
اسلاید 21: 2121End to End Cloud Computing IssuesConsider Disaster RecoveryReplication between machines in a room is not DRCompliance How will Cloud providers put you at riskSecuritySecure the data.Multi Tenancy issues Selecting appropriate workloadsCloud technical models do not solve all problems. Translating what you know into corporate valueLegal definitions of technical issues
اسلاید 22: 22The mainframe for cloud computingStrong TCO Energy efficientNear-linear scalabilityCapacity management & upgrades on demandDelivers a specialized IT environmentVirtualizes from the silicon to the appEnables transparent multi-tenancy of applicationsImproves performance Comprehensive industry-leading securityEnables seamless reliabilityIts a mainframe model where things run together but in isolation. The issue is whether the machines will bear up under the load of diverse work or will they grind down and youll need to provision another machine. You need reliability, security, auditing, privacy, data integrity, automation and full isolation. - Steve Mills, IBM Sr VP
اسلاید 23: 23System z provides a hybrid -aaS hosting environmentThe core infrastructure of System z is multi-tenant by nature and highly efficient, resources (HW and SW) are shared and virtualized to ensure max utilization enabling you to deploy workload for fit.DB2(Data Sharing)z/OS SysplexzVM/Linux Multi-Tenancy virtualizationHyperSocketsShared Infrastructure zSaaS LandscapeBiz Svc 1Biz Svc 3Virtual ServersBiz Svc 2SaaS Data warehouseSaaS virtual server warehouse
اسلاید 24: 24IFL1IFL2IFL3CP1CP2CP3CP4CP5LPAR1z/OSLPAR2z/OSLPAR3Linuxz/VMLinuxLPAR4z/VMz/VMLinuxLinuxIBM MainframeReal CPUsLogical CPUsReal CPUsLogical CPUsVirtual CPUsVirtual2 CPUsVirtualized from the silicon to the appThe core infrastructure of System z is multi-tenant by nature and highly efficient, resources (HW and SW) are shared and virtualized to ensure utilization up to 100% without degradation.
اسلاید 25: Pain PointSystem zPowerx86Avoiding downtimeBest Unmatched system reliability and redundancy of server hardware assets.BetterGoodManaging growthBest Dynamically add real hardware; share system resources with multiple hypervisors in a single machine.Better GoodUnderutilized ResourcesBest (up to 100%) Extensive hardware sharing as you scale; extremely granular sharing of system resources.Better (~ 80%) Moderate hardware sharing as you scaleGood (~ 50%) Very little hardware sharing as you scaleNeed for flawless system monitoringBest Superior statistics and operational insight.BetterGoodWorkload managementExtensive Also able to span architectures with zEnterprise (z/p/x).ModerateMinimalTime to marketBest Server cloning can be achieved in seconds; granular and efficient sharing of resources facilitates rapid provisioning.BetterGood
اسلاید 26: Number of TenantsSize of TenantsLarge tenantsMedium tenantsLong tail of small tenantsMedium TenantsSmall TenantsLarge TenantsIsolation: DatabasesShared: HardwareIsolation: TablesShared: DatabaseIsolation: RowsShared: TablesMT ApplicationMT ApplicationMT Application or non-MT applicationDatabase-as-a-Service and Multi-tenancy with DB2 on z/OSMulti-tenancy: multiple companies or users using the same software with a level of isolationTenants are companies or users that would have historically installed and used a single instance of software solely for their own use Multi-tenancy allows companies/users to use the same software with a level of isolationMulti-tenancy can further reduce hardware and maintenance costs of DBaaSAnalogous to users running various applications on the same operating systemThe point is to share management and hardware costs among a number of tenantsTenants, like the distinct users on an operating system require a level isolation
اسلاید 27: 27Role and Value of System zFunctionCloud Modelz/VMz/OSHardware ConfigurationCMDBHMCHMCHw/SW RelationshipsCMDBSystem DirectorySYS1.PARMLIBMonitoringITMPerformance toolkitSMF/RMF/OMEGAMONSoftware configsDSLVMSESSMPUsageTUAMPerformance ToolkitSMF/RMFImage RepositoryHipervisor / SANSystem Directory +Guest MiniDisksSYS1.PARMLIB + DASDProvisioningTPM + HiperVisorTPM SupportNo TPM Support yetAutomationTPAENetviewMPF - NetviewService Request ManagementTSRMNANAPervasive SecurityNoneRACF/ACF2 etc.RACF/ACF2 etc.
اسلاید 28: Multi-System Cloud Management on IBM zEnterprise The Big Picture Going Forward IBM Tivoli Service ManagementIBM Systems Director VMControl Future FutureEnables optimal workload placement in a multi-system cloud infrastructure: spend less and deliver higher qualities of serviceAllows clients to manage all the hypervisors in a zEnterprise system with consistencyExtends same management capabilities to Power and System x servers elsewhere in the enterpriseIBM PowerIBM System xNote: All statements regarding IBMs plans, directions, and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.
اسلاید 29: 2929Cloud Computing1/20/2018Develop a cloud strategy and implementation plan Without a strategy, Public Cloud computing can be a threat to the CIO and the IT teamReduced control of IT services delivered over the Internet Perceived cost gap between a cloud service delivered by providers outside of the IT team and “traditional” services delivered by ITWith a strategy, Cloud computing is a huge opportunity for the CIOLower costs, more responsive IT, optimized deliveryGreater range of services and capabilitiesGreater visibility in billing / chargeback to LOBsBetter control of the users’ systems, desktops, and services access IT RoadmapArchitectureWorkload AssessmentEnterprise & Public Cloud MixImplementationSystemsStorageNetworkComputing InfrastructurePlatform & ApplicationsEmailBus AppsBPMSys MgmtInfo MgmtWeb SvrE-Mail, CollaborationSoftwareDevelopmentTest and Pre-ProductionDataIntensiveProcessingDatabaseERPEnterprisePrivatePublicHybridTradITCapitalPrivate CloudHybrid CloudTimeTrad ITRentFinancial WorkloadCustomStandardService DefinitionToolsService PublishingToolsServiceFulfillment &Config ToolsServiceReporting &AnalyticsService PlanningRoleBased AccessOSSBSSInfrastructurePlatform Software End Users, OperatorsServiceCatalogOperationalConsoleCloud ServicesCloud Platform
اسلاید 30: 30What IT Services workloads are we seeing move to a Public cloud delivery?Single virtual appliance workloadsTest and pre-production systemsMature packaged offerings – email & collaborationSee www.lotuslive.comSoftware development environmentsBatch process jobs with limited security requirementsIsolated workloads where latency between components is not an issueStorage as a ServiceBackup & restore as a ServiceSome data intensive workloads – if the provider has a cloud storage offering to complement the cloud compute offering
اسلاید 31: 31What IT Services workloads may not be ready for a Public cloud delivery today?Workloads which depend on sensitive data normally restricted to the EnterpriseEmployee Information - Most companies are not ready to move their LDAP server into a public cloud because of the sensitivity of the dataHealth Care Records - May not be ready to move until the security of the cloud provider is well establishedWorkloads composed of multiple, co-dependent servicesHigh throughput online transaction processingWorkloads requiring a high level of auditability, accountabilityWorkloads based on 3rd party software which does not have a virtualization or cloud aware licensing strategyWorkloads requiring detailed chargeback or utilization measurement as required for capacity planning or departmental level billingWorkloads requiring high degrees of customization
اسلاید 32: 32Enterprise focus on private cloudInfrastructure as a ServiceDevelopment and Test InstancesBest place to startQuicker instance availabilityChange the time to value of developmentEasier to demonstrate valueNon productionSophisticated user profileChallengesCloud crosses multiple SilosBuilding consensus takes timeImmaturity of support processes
اسلاید 33: Cloud implementation snapshotEnd UsersService PortalService Request CatalogProvisioning EngineWorkflowsExpert SystemsScriptsOptional Service Modules e.g. Metering/ Usage Billing, Monitoring, etc.Virtualized Cloud InfrastructureEasy to access, easy to use Service Request CatalogHides underlying complex infrastructure from user and shifts focus to services providedEnables the ability to provide standardized and lower cost servicesFacilitates a granular level of services metering and billingWorkload standardization eases complexity
اسلاید 34: 34What does all this mean to a mainframe person?Distributed models are learning what the mainframe already doesClients are beginning to use z/VM and zLinux to provide IaaS and PaaSLinux images can be built up quicklyAddress spaces on z/OS can be spun upWe can be the private cloud for the enterprise
اسلاید 35: 35 One more time…What are you doing with cloud computing……?Build a public cloud and market its services externallyPurchase services from a public cloud3. Build your own private cloud, using technology that exhibits the characteristics of cloud computing4. Enhance your service delivery to emulate the public cloud computing model
اسلاید 36: 36Closing Thought…..Doesn’t Every Business Want What Cloud is Trying to Deliver?Wide variety of consumer and business services delivered to a large number of clients around the worldOperate highly scalable, well-engineered, efficient data centers delivering service with high quality and reasonable costGreenSecureService Level Agreements in place
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