پاورپوینت مدل‌سازی سامانه های خاص، کاربرد معادلات از جمله واندروالس

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Subjects & head lines تن ‎cette‏ ۱ ‎icra)‏ لاوتعمع موعاء.1 یر تك 1د كن ۳ دعاقم ولا .3 ‎Fixed bed packed with composite sorbent-catalyst‏ .10 ل را یت ‎Pere‏ ‎a(t ia ete}‏ ا هه ‎— SE eet UR er ea eeu ۱ pe aN eae ee) ‎ae ‎۱ ۱ es ald 0 adsorption, desorption and reaction ‎2۱17 14. 6006 et 

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Clean Energy Environmental problems Global warming Large scale operation problems y 1 i i 1. Insufficient infrastructure for hydrogen production 2. Hydrogen transportation 3. Safe stockpile ا لتر ‎‘i‏ 

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A 7 N Hydrogen is stored in liquid methanol to ensure safe transportation, and when needed, hydrogen is produced situ 8 through methanol steam reforming at a relatively low temperature 1,0H,.)+H,0,,, © CO,+3H, AH asa - 50 KJ/mol Pye) ‏مد 5550" سر‎ H,0H,,, CO+2H, ‏رورم با‎ + 91 KJ/mol 0+H,0,,, + CO,+H, DH 2.2)= - 41 KJ/mol 20 + C+CO, +2H, @ CH, D+3H, @ CH,+H,O 4/ rar 

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Hydrotalcites حوور The main compositions of hydrotalcite were MgO (58.89%, mass fraction) and AI203 (39.43%, mass fraction). The key microstructure parameters of hydrotalcite were BET surface area 69.00e"lq Micropore volume 0.098 wo*fy Micropore average diameter 16.17 nm 

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Features High methanol conversion High hydrogen yield Low concentration of CO as the undesired byproduct ata relative lower temperature dium based catalysts nickel based catalysts Copper based cataly: pall Cuo/zn0 ZrO,-supported Cu-Pd catalysts Ni/Ceo,-Al,0, CUO/ZnO/AI,0,/2r0,/CeO, —PA-Zn-A,O, Ni-Cu/Ca0-SiO, Cuo/Zn0/Ga,0, NI/AI,O, CuO/ZnO/AI,O,(2mm) BET surface area 76.31m?/9 OD%IOD%IOO% micropore volume 0.209 cm*/g micropore average diameter 10.95 nm 6/17 ——— 

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Packed modes 1ععی 2 عوی PRR eb ker eter! 

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‎٠‏ مهاس ‎ ‎1. Fresh catalysts in the fixed bed needed to activate under the ambience of 10% H2 and 90% N2 at 573 K for 2h with 150 ml/min flowrate, and the heating rate was controlled as 2 K/min ‎2. Fresh K-hydrotalcites packed in the quartz tube also needed activation through nitrogen purge at 673 K for 4 h before used to adsorb CO2 ‏امم ‎9/13 

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the sultably reforming temperature was inthe range of 473 ‏ات‎ Three subsequent steps were involved during experiments tn the first step, helium carrier gas passed through the packed column in the same time, the packed column was Feated ‘to a given reaction. temperature, stabilizing temperature for 30 min. > In the second step, methanol solution with 2 given water alcohol ratio was input from the top of the packed column through the controlled volume pump. When methanol and steam passed through the packed column, methanol steam reforming occurred on copper-based catalysts, in the same time, by product CO2 was adsorbed by K- hydrotaletes, sorption enhanced methanol steam reforming being in progress. "In the thied step, Khydrotalcites saturated with 2 adsorption in the packed column were regenerated with nitrogen purge at 673 K for 5h. 

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ieee aul 7 سر | سس سر سيسات The experimental data demonstrated the lower reforming temperature could not reduce the CO content in H2 rich stream in the adsorptive reactor. 10/17 

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papas) 1/17 

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© = 1 ‏ات ا‎ q ae = 5 i Tiger 2 8 5 £ It was found that K:hydrotalites almost could not be regenerated at 473 K with nitrogen purge. When the regeneration temperature increased to 673 K, K-hydrotalcites after CO2 adsorption were fegenerated very well by nitrogen purge due to decarbonation, Therefore, in. the following fexperiments of sorption enhanced methanol steam reforming, Khydrotalcites packed in the reactor were regenerated with nitrogen purge at 673 K at each experiment for multiuse 4 

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_صلكه4ط42فف 74 مس 0[ Catalyst and adsorbent changes after multi-cyclic adsorption, desorption and ion حصو 

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* CuO/Zn0/AI203 catalyst has a good catalytic performance for methanol steam reforming at 473 K-573 K. > K2CO3 promoted hydratalcites (k-hydrotalcites) is a potential candidate of CO2 sorbent in the range of 473 K- 573 K, and easy regeneration with nitrogen purge at 673 K. > When the reactor is packed with the mixture of CuO/ZnO/Al:O; catalyst particles and K-hydrotalcite particles, H2 rich stream with low CO content (less than 0.1%) can be obtained through sorption enhanced methanol steam reforming at 533 K, (S/C) molar ratio 3, the space velocity of methanol 9.5 x 103 ۰ > when the reactor is packed with the composite sorbent-catalyst particles, there exists obvious sorption ‘enhanced methanol steam reforming, but the methanol conversion is reduced due to the loss of catalytic activities under the alkaline atmosphere of Khydrotalcites. 26 Sais 

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@projectsonline1 Methanol Steam Reforming Subjects & head lines 2. Methanol Steam Reforming 8. Fixed bed reactor packed with the mixture of sorbent particles and catalyst particles (Case 1) (Temperature effect) 9. Effect of (S/C) parameter (Case 1) 3. Hydrotalcites 4. Catalysts 5. Packed modes 10. Fixed bed packed with composite sorbent-catalyst particles (Case 2) (Temperature effect) 11. Effect of (S/C) parameter (Case 2) 6. Activation 12. CO2 adsorption and desorption behaviors on the prepared K-hydrotalcites (Temperature effect) 7. Experiments 13. Catalyst and adsorbent changes after multi-cyclic adsorption, desorption and reaction 2 \ 17 14. Conclusions @projectsonline1 1.Clean Energy Clean Energy Global warming Large scale operation problems 1. Insufficient infrastructure for hydrogen production 2. Hydrogen transportation 3. Safe stockpile 3/ @projectsonline1 Environmental problems Methanol Steam Reforming through methanol steam reforming at a relatively low temperature H3OH(g)+H2O(g) ↔ CO2+3H2 ΔH(298)= - 50 KJ/mol H3OH(g ) ↔ CO+2H2 ΔH (298)= + 91 KJ/mol O+H2O(g) ↔ CO2+H2 ΔH (298)= - 41 KJ/mol CO ↔ C+CO2 +2H2 ↔ CH4 O+3H2 ↔ CH4+H2O 4/ @projectsonline1 Hydrogen is stored in liquid methanol to ensure safe transportation, and when needed, hydrogen is produced in situ Hydrotalcites @projectsonline1 The main compositions of hydrotalcite were MgO (58.89%, mass fraction) and Al2O3 (39.43%, mass fraction). The key microstructure parameters of hydrotalcite were • BET surface area 22.01m2/g • Micropore volume 0.098 cm3/g • Micropore average diameter 16.17 nm K2CO3 30 % 5/ Catalysts Features High methanol conversion ◆ High hydrogen yield ◆ Low concentration of CO as the undesired byproduct at a relative lower temperature Copper based catalysts CuO/ZnO CuO/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2/CeO2 CuO/ZnO/Ga2O3 CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(2mm) 20%/30%/50% 6 / 17 palladium based catalysts ZrO 2-supported Cu-Pd catalysts Pd-Zn-Al2O3 @projectsonline1 ◆ nickel based catalysts Ni/Ceo 2-Al2O3 Ni-Cu/CaO-SiO 2 Ni/Al 2O3 BET surface area 76.31m2/g micropore volume 0.209 cm3/g micropore average diameter 10.95 nm Packed modes Case 1 the column was packed with the mixture of K-hydrotalcite particles and CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 particles Case 2 the column packed with the composite sorbent-catalyst pellets 58 g 7/ 4.8:1 of sorbent/catalyst ratio for both Case 1 and Case 2 @projectsonline1 Experiments for sorption enhanced methanol steam reforming in the fixed bed reactor Activation @projectsonline1 “ 1. Fresh catalysts in the fixed bed needed to activate under the ambience of 10% H2 and 90% N2 at 573 K for 2 h with 150 mL/min flowrate, and the heating rate was controlled as 2 K/min 2. Fresh K-hydrotalcites packed in the quartz tube also needed activation through nitrogen purge at 673 K for 4 h before used to adsorb CO2. 8 / 17 Experiments @projectsonline1 Three subsequent steps were involved during experiments  In the first step, helium carrier gas passed through the packed column in the same time, the packed column was heated to a given reaction temperature, stabilizing temperature for 30 min.  In the second step, methanol solution with a given water alcohol ratio was input from the top of the packed column through the controlled volume pump. When methanol and steam passed through the packed column, methanol steam reforming occurred on copper-based catalysts, in the same time, by product CO2 was adsorbed by Khydrotalcites, sorption enhanced methanol steam reforming being in progress.  In the third step, K-hydrotalcites saturated with CO2 adsorption in the packed column were regenerated with nitrogen purge at 673 K for 5 h. 9/ the suitably reforming temperature was in the range of 473 K–573 K Fixed bed reactor packed with the mixture of sorbent particles and catalyst particles (Case 1) (Temperature effect) @projectsonline1 Ideal temp : 533 K The experimental data demonstrated the lower reforming temperature could not reduce the CO content in H2 rich stream in the adsorptive reactor. 10 / 17 Effect of (S/C) parameter (Case 1) @projectsonline1 11 / 17 Fixed bed packed with composite sorbent-catalyst particles (Case 2) (Temperature effect) @projectsonline1 12 / Effect of (S/C) parameter (Case 2) @projectsonline1 � � 13 / CO2 adsorption and desorption behaviors on the prepared K-hydrotalcites (Temperature effect) @projectsonline1 it was found that K-hydrotalcites almost could not be regenerated at 473 K with nitrogen purge. When the regeneration temperature increased to 673 K, K-hydrotalcites after CO2 adsorption were regenerated very well by nitrogen purge due to decarbonation. Therefore, in the following experiments of sorption enhanced methanol steam reforming, K-hydrotalcites packed in the reactor were regenerated with nitrogen purge at 673 K at each experiment for multiuse. 14 / Catalyst and adsorbent changes after multi-cyclic adsorption, desorption and reaction @projectsonline1 15 / 17 Conclusions  K2CO3 promoted hydrotalcites (K-hydrotalcites) is a potential candidate of CO2 sorbent in the range of 473 K– 573 K, and easy regeneration with nitrogen purge at 673 K.  When the reactor is packed with the mixture of CuO/ZnO/Al 2O3 catalyst particles and K-hydrotalcite particles, H 2 rich stream with low CO content (less than 0.1%) can be obtained through sorption enhanced methanol steam reforming at 533 K, (S/C) molar ratio 3, the space velocity of methanol 9.5 × 10 3 h−1  when the reactor is packed with the composite sorbent-catalyst particles, there exists obvious sorption enhanced methanol steam reforming, but the methanol conversion is reduced due to the loss of catalytic activities under the alkaline atmosphere of K-hydrotalcites. 16 / @projectsonline1  CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst has a good catalytic performance for methanol steam reforming at 473 K–573 K. The END @projectsonline1 17 /