تاثیر ویتامین E بر سیستم ایمنی
اسلاید 1: Vitamin e & immune system
اسلاید 2:
اسلاید 3: Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that can protect the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the membrane from oxidation, regulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and modulate signal transduction. With advances in understating of the development, function, and regulation of dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and B cells, recent studies have focused on vitamin E’s effects on specific immune cells.The Role of Vitamin E in Immunity Ga Young Lee 1,2 and Sung Nim Han
اسلاید 4: Definition and StructureVitamin E is the collective term for four tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols) and four tocotrienols (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienols) found in food. These forms have antioxidant activities, but cannot be interconverted, and only α-tocopherol meets the human vitamin E requirement.Traber M.G. Vitamin E regulatory mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2007;27:347–362. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093819. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
اسلاید 5: SourcesThe major dietary sources of vitamin E are vegetable oils. Nuts are good sources of vitamin E as well . Soybean, sunflower, corn, walnut, cottonseed, palm, and wheat germ oils contain relatively higher amounts of vitamin E than other oils. Safflower and sunflower oils are high in α-tocopherol, soybean and corn oils contain mainly γ-tocopherol, and cottonseed oil contains similar proportions of α- and γ-tocopherols. Therefore, the types of oils consumed through the diet affect the dietary intake levels of α-tocopherol. Vitamin E supplements are quite popular and Either natural or synthetic forms of α-tocopherol are used as supplements. Sheppard A.J., Pennington J.A.T., Weihrauch J.L. Analysis and distribution of vitamin E in vegetable oils and foods. In: Packer L., Fuchs J., editors. Vitamin E in Health and Disease. Marcel Dekker; New York, NY, USA: 1980. pp. 7–65. [Google Scholar]
اسلاید 6: sourcesDespite the relatively higher intake of γ-tocopherol from the diet than α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol is the major form of vitamin E in the circulation because α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) has the preferential binding affinity for α-tocopherol. α-TTP is involved in the transfer of α-tocopherol to the plasma membrane.Traber M.G. Vitamin E regulatory mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2007;27:347–362. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093819. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
اسلاید 7: function In the presence of vitamin E, peroxyl radicals react with α-tocopherol instead of lipid hydroperoxide, the chain reaction of peroxyl radical production is stopped, and further oxidation of PUFAs in the membrane is prevented. Tocopheroxyl radicals—produced from α-tocopherol and peroxyl radicals—are reduced by vitamin C or glutathione, form tocopherol dimers, undergo further oxidation, or act as prooxidants. Traber M.G. Vitamin E regulatory mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2007;27:347–362. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093819. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
اسلاید 8: functionThe antioxidant activity of vitamin E may be responsible for the regulation of several enzymes involved in signal transduction because the activity of signaling enzymes is regulated by the redox state. The inhibition of PKC by vitamin E has been reported in various cells, and consequently, the inhibition of platelet aggregation; reduced proliferation of monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and vascular smooth muscle cells; and decreased superoxide production in neutrophils and macrophages have been observed.Traber M.G., Atkinson J. Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing m more. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 2007;43:4–15. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.03.024. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] Zingg J.M. Vitamin E: A role in signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2015;35:135–173. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071714-034347. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
اسلاید 9: Immune Responses in HumansIn humans, many intervention studies have reported increased lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogenic stimulation, enhanced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, increased IL-2 production, and decreased IL-6 production with vitamin E supplementation above the recommended levels. The Role of Vitamin E in Immunity Ga Young Lee 1,2 and Sung Nim Ha
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