رویان شناسی

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به نام خداوند بخشنده ی 

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References angman's medical embryology homas W. Sadler 2% edition - 2012 arsen's human embryology ary C Schoenwolf th Edition - 2014 = " Mee ice) 4 , a ‏قد .ما‎ 

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طرح درس جلسه ی اول ات لیس رح مختصری بر تاریخجه جنین شناسی ول های زایای ابتدابی کروموزومی ورائت سیم میتوز قسيم ميوز اهنجاری هلى مادرزادى ناشى از اختلالات كرموزومى 

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رویان شناسی يا جنین شناسی (امبریولوژی) اند ‎yee wales‏ مولكولي» بتلولى و ساعتما كه ذر تشكيل ا رکشت تارکت می کید ستیبیبه راهکارهای مراقبت بهداشتی بره مندى از بيامدهاى توليدمثلى يهتر وش های جدید به منظور تشخیض و درمان پیش از تولد قدامات درمانی برای غلبه بر مشکلات باروري سستيابي به روش هام براى جلوكيرى از تاهنجاری هی مادرزافی 

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وره مق امریوزز با ارانوزنز: یک سول واحد تا تثبیت پیش سازهاى اندام (8 هفته ى اول) شاختی تفایس مادرزادی راتولوزی: دانش بررسی منشأ و علت رو ‎ee tS‏ Be Che ‏خاتكرهاى راديواكتيو و روش هلى اتوراديوكرافى‎ ‏استفاده از أنتى بادى ها اختضاصى‎ ‎ans‏ اف ‏ویکردهای مولکولی ‎ ‎ 

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‎cavity‏ ادنوه ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎Head end ‎of embryg Fail end ‎Future ‎umbilical cord ‎‘Allantois ‎Primordial germ cells in wall of yolk sac ‎Figure 1.1. An embryo atthe end of the third week, showing the position of primordial germ cells in the wall of the yolk sac, close to the attachment of the future umbilical cord, From this location these cells migrate to the developing gonad. ‎ ‎ 

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Primordial germ cals X Fig. 1-1. (A) The primordial germ cells differentiate in the endodermal layer of the yolk sac at 4 10 6 weeks of development and migrate to the darsal body wall, (B) Between 6 and 12 weeks, the primordial germ cells induce formation of the genital ridges. (C) Sex cord cells differentiate and invest the primordial germ cells. In females, the sex cords of the cortical region survive and become the ovarian follicle cells; in males, the medullary sex cords survive and become the Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules. 

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Chromosome Centrigle Double-structured y=. chromosome Prophase Prometaphase ALA Vu ‏سر‎ ‎* Ww ۴ ‘Anaphase Telophase Daughter cells Figure 1.2. Various stages of mitosis. In prophase, chromosomes are visible as slen- der threads. Doubled chromatids become clearly visible as individual units during prometaphase. At no time during division do members of a chromosome pair unite. Blue, paternal chromosomes; red, maternal chromosomes. 

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x ets resulng om ‘st meiete dvaion د دسر ‘Figure 1.3. First and second meiotic divisions. A. Homologous chromosomes ‏وه‎ ‎proach each other. B. Homologous chromosomes pair, and each member ofthe pair consists of two chromatids. C. intimately peiced homologous chromosomes. inter- ‘change chromatid fragments (crossover). Notethe chiasma, D, Double-strutured chro. ‘mosomes pull apart. 6. Anaphase of the frst meiotic division, F and G. During the ‘second metic division, the double-sruetured chromosomes split atthe eantromere. ‘Atcompleton of vio, chromosomes in ean ofthe four doughtar cals are oan ‘ach other 

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HIeSe Geis Coral ١ 46 double-structured chromosomes رت تاه replication. Primary spermatocyte after DNA replication First Maturation Division / \ Secondary, 23 double-structured oocyte chromosomes. ‘Second Maturation Secondary spermatocyte Division Mature 23 single chromosomes _/ (22 +X) \ @2+Y) Polar bodies B (22 +X) ‘Spermatids Figure 1.4. Events occurring during the first and second maturation divisions. A. The primitive female germ cell (primary oocyte) produces only one mature gamete, the mature oocyte. B. The primitive male germ coll (primary spermatocyte) produces four spermatids, all of which develop into spermatozoa. oocyte (22 +X) A 

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Primary oocyte or spermatocyte after DNA duplication 46 double-structured سس ‎Nondisjunction‏ يوس ‎nade‏ يه ‎DY‏ یط ‎Normal meiotic division Ast meiotic division‏ ‎\2nd meiotic,‏ ‎division‏ chromosomes_chromosomes A B 6 ure 1.5. A, Normal maturation divisions. B. Nondisjunction in the first meiotic jsion. €. Nondisjunction in the second meiotic division. 

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[Figure 1.8. A. Tansocaton ofthe long ams of chromosomes 14 end 27 at the ‘leromece Loss ote sor ars ot cnn signe at tose indus a ‏سس‎ 

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د هد 5-6 2 إٍ ‎jc =‏ 2 | am 6 -> ‘ee > is eal 3 » ۱ ‏مج‎ ‎l= 5 {2 i = | 1 at ae 2 ‏ب‎ ‎4 ‎= ‎i ‎> 

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151 208 0 toes simian. 

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Copyright the Luci 

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Karyotype From a Female With Patau syndrome (47. XX,+13) ICH | A ‏!ا‎ WAC Rg 16 1 

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a> Kk ix (( ‏زد‎ ‏أ(‎ !! (| (! |) !! 1 ‎tf 1 ۱ 1 1‏ د ‎aa ۶ i‏ 3 11 ‎ ‎ 

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igure 1.13. Patient with Angelman syndrome resulting from a microdeletion on maternal chromosome 15. If the defect is inherited on the paternal chromosome, Prader-Willi syndrome occurs (Fig. 1.14) 

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Figure 1.14. Patient with Prader-Willi syndrome resulting rom a microdeletion on paternal chromosome 15, I the dfect ie inherted on the maternal chromosome, Angelman syndrome occurs (Fig 1.13)