لیزر رنگدانهDye laser

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4 Dye LASER 

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Outline ae 1 0 eyo 09 * Organic Dye et aad Ee ‏ره‎ ۵ * Chemicals 0 @? ‏زک‎ ‏ور ای‎ ‏تسا‎ % 2-2 ae 04 * Characteristic ‏ا‎ rae) 5° 3 th + Tunable Dye Laser Scheme © 52 0 OAV ie! + applications 

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= © 9 3 000000 عو عتمدوين 2 Organic dyes solved in organi Pumped with a LASER and emit light via fluoresence 

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* Organic polyatomic molecules with conjugated u- chains — Rhodamine, tetracene, coumarine, stilbene and more. BOA NLA — Methanol, ethanol, water or ethylene glycol Additional chemicals added to prevent intersystem crossing and prohibit degration of the dye Actin re 600-690 nm oe Chemicals 

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* Polyatomic organic molecules containing conjugated double bonds * Polyatomic organic molecules containing conjugated double bonds 

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* Polyatomic organic molecules containing conjugated double bonds * Electrons move freely within the whole chain * Can be described as a free electron in one ‏1مصمتعصمصنل‎ ‎۱۱/۹۵۹۹ ‏اه‎ 

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Triplet states = h?N?/8mL? Singlet states Absorption Laser ‘transitions 

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* Selection rule: AS * Losses: ‏لس‎ 5 1 ۰ ‏و5‎ + 9, 0 crossing ee 5 ٠ ‏دره‎ ‏تمدهت ةنطالا‎ and > Seger rotational levels oa unresolved in ۲ liquid Ln — Absorption 3 5, 2: S, *T,>T, + Fluorescence ‏ين‎ ‏لا‎ 

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Singlet states Triplet states 

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* Problems — Short lifetime of the S1 state — Intersystem crossing and long lifetime of T1 — Thermal gradients produce pws ‏ل ل ل‎ ‎Operation‏ * بقع ‎Pulsed laser action‏ — 56 ۳ ‎Circulation of dye solution‏ — ۳ 2 ‎Pumping - another laser such as‏ — 2 ون ‎* Nitrogen laser (UV-visible) ‎* Excimer laser (UV-visible) of ), Characteristic Nd:YAG laser (visible) 

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* Vibration and rotational energy levels not resolved — Broad emission spectrum — tunable Wide selection of dyes for different emission wavelength ranges and absorbance * Very short pulses achievable 

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The dye is a large molecule with strong electronic absorption and many closely spaced internal (vibrational) i FE ua electronic singlet states S, and also possibly S,. Fast internal conversion occurs down to the lowest state of S, CUOMO MC Mane Caer uly lases down to Be excited internal state of the stronic state ‎ec down to the ground state of S,‏ ات دیزی ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 

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Care needs to be taken maintain population inversion by ensuring internal conversion to the triplet state T, does not deplete S, to quickly High power fixed-frequency laser beam is split and focused by cylindrical lenses to pump both the dye laser cell (~40%) and an amplifier cell (~60%) Stimulated emission occurs in the volume at the focus 

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Second dye ‏له‎ ‎flea) ‎es the ‏عنام ناه‎ Cylindr ical <“fense ‏إ[---‎ Output coupler Ce ۰: ‏و‎ ‎Cylindrical ‎١ lense ‏بت‎ 8 867 Dye expanding Cell telescope and grating The grating is rotated gradually to tune the _ resonant cavity and so scan across the required frequency range 

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Rhodamine 6G 

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PSO 00 680 200 998 0و 90 چا و اه و موی Ce 5 ‏له‎ ‎990 28 9۹00۵ 0666© ‏ل مت‎ ‏لك‎ ‎(ova ae) LOPOO 00 همه 

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* Academic — Tunable in a wide range of wavelengths * Environmental — Pollution monitoring applications ® 50 

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Combined Low-Dose Isotretinoin and Pulsed Dye Laser Versus eee | Isotretinoin in the Treatment of Inflammatory Acne SECURE Lc TL a CED ‏ووههطه ۱4۵,۷6 موجه وعاط طعطع! ۸۳,2 ,ومبو۳ هعع۸‎ ten an cio) Suzan Shalaby, MD, 3* and Marwa M. Kamel, MD3 4 RESULTS 

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‎Tsielst=0l‏ ا ا ا ل ا ا نا ‎parameters compared with baseline at 3 and 6 months. Comparing both‏ ‎groups together, the ISO/PDL group showed a Statistically significantly‏ ‎greater improvement regarding all parameters at both assessment times.‏ ‎Regarding adverse events, six patients (26%) suffered from flare in the ISO‏ ‎group versus none in the combined group. Dryness was encountered in 20‏ ‎patients (86%) in the ISO group versus five patients (21%) in the other‏ ‎group. The ISO/PDL group received significantly less cumulative isotretinoin‏ ‎dosage (48.7 + 5.7 mg/kg) in comparison to the ISO group (100.4 + 3.1‏ ‎mg/kg) (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The current study offers a new collaboration‏ ‎between two well-studied and established treatment modalities leading to a‏ ‎harmony of therapeutic synergism while minimizing the risk of side effects.‏ ‎Longer periods of follow-up are recommended to diagnose any relapses and‏ ‎modify the proposed protocol. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals‏ ‎In Key 

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Characteristics Clear Faintly detectable erythema, light pink Dull red, clearly distinguishable Deep/dark red Clinical Outcome Assessment. Level of disease ‘Noa Mild Moderate 

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‘TABLE 2. Conguaison ‏مره‎ ISO axl PDL Group, ane ISO Group Regering Acie Severity ‏سم وس‎ (CADI, and Eythama Grading, 3, and 6 months ISO & PDL Group 1S0 Group ‘aan +50 Rage Men FSD alas ‏تیوه موه‎ ‏سوه همه‎ 326 41.29 5341.66 CADIat6m 139 +116 243 +136 Bythama gracing before ‏کم زور‎ 1744081 Bythamact 3m 108 40.71 157 4066 Bythamaat 6m 057 +4066 4067 ‘Acre severity improvement at 3m 5022 217.35 252839 Acne severity improvernnt at 6 m 739 #1347 6913 #1240 

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Fig. 1. Patient no. 5 Group ISO. Photo (A, C) at baseline, with severe papulopustular lesions. (B, D) Six months after treatment with marked improvement of acne and erythema. Notice the ‏“يه‎ 

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Fig. 2. Patient no. 7 Group ISO/PDL. Photo (A, C) at baseline, with moderate acne. (B, D) After treatment with marked improvement of acne and erythema. 

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۱ ‏ی‎ tetro ee seinn(ecaema tM er teeta) Cor Fig. 4. Comparison between erythema grading ۱ sonata ae vactste Moderne Toe 0, 3, and 6 months. 

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3 1200 TABLE 3. GAGS (Global Acne Grading Score) Before and After in Each Group 

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1 GS Shankarling and KJ Jarag ‏ا. ا‎ aise ‏و‎ ‎activity, and different types of dyes used for laser applications are Crete satan 0 INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, MUMBAI دون ةعنامصة ععدمآ 102 دعتزط 02 1 Wena Different Classes of Laser Dyes 

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| QLight absorption _ brings molecules from the ground state ‏6نهاه 0ننمنه مطا ما5‎ 5, 1۱ ener ecco n ens by fluorescence which leads to no phase relationship Q When the excited molecules are irradiated by a light flash corresponding to the energy difference between S, and S, , stimulated emission occurs within the average lifetime of e S,. This means that lecule, when hit , emits a second Eevee tan ise and direction 

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medium Mirror 1 100% Light pump RELATIVE ENERGY OUTPUT WAVELENGTH (om Figure 2. Basic elements 0 of laser. 

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۱ tCa-Uste ¢ Strong absorption at excitation wavelength and minimal absorption at lasing wavelength, ie., minimum overlap between absorption and emission spectra. ٠ High quantum yield (0.5-1.0). * Good photochemical stability. ¢ Ashort fluorescence lifetime (5-10 ns). ٠ Low absorption in the first excited state at the pumping and lasing wavelengths. * Low probability of intersystem crossing to the triplet state. * Laser dyes have to be very pure since impurities frequently quench the laser output. 

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Different Classes of Laser Dyes 4. Conmarin Laser Dyes sao A 2toup of widely used laser dyes emiting inthe Blue-green SIAN ‏سا اما مه موه او و‎ coumarins by sas AA 2 | ting 7posion with aurociromes sich a¢ -OH, -OCH, “NH, -NHCH,, -N(CH,}, and other eleetron-donaing ‏انه‎ ‏عا‎ | stints. The fist coumarin laser dye was 7-dethylamine-+- yr Diatstaninotme- | sthyleourarin (3) which exhibits Ise aeton at about $60 ‘Mytecoumarn (coumarin | -nmunder Mash lamp excitation “The amino analogue, 7-amino-t-methyleoumarin (coumarin 120) (4 shows laser aeton a 440 am. 2770000 in some coumarin dyes the basic chromophore is replaced with o 0 its heterocyclic analogues Ike aza-coumarin, quinolone, of szs-quinolone in order to enhance the dye propetcs. ACSF ] ‏سرع لطا مسنم‎ Aye 5) isan example for these class of dys, “oor 1 | (5) ACSF incre (4) 7-amine-+-methy ‘omar eumari 120) 

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Table 2 Examples of Rhodamine laser dyes. “The xelectron dsribation inthe chromephorenexanthones des 25) Rhodamine 700 

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و re (Compa oo نميو meee 92066 ل 3 ی ‎abi‏ مه 1 اس 

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0 BoDIPY 

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1 Applications Industrial applications of laser dyes include separation of isoto; of important radioactive elements such as jum. Uranium i: used as fuel in the nuclear power reactors t ۱6۲۵6 ‏اتمتتامعاه‎ ‎In nature, uranium exists as several isot imarily uranium- 238, uranium-235, and a very small am uranium-234. The medical applications of laser dyes ‏اكت و لو‎ including port-wine ‏ال ا‎ tatto moval, diagnostic _ measurements, lithotripsy, activation of photosensitive drugs for 3 namic therapy, etc. of medical applications, dye lasers have potential lasers. Dye lasers are unique sources of rom the ultraviolet to the near 1 dye molecular species. Broadly idous impact in diverse fields of tela and coworkers have reviewed dye lasers [8]. Some of themost SESE ies eee Oo 

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اه وصنودها هصبمععطانا فهه عتاعتهعههامطظ م0 ملظ متا ه ‎treet cra‏ ا را 1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Creative IT Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea; dalgyu0820@postech.ac.kr (M.H.); zoids1215@postech.ac.kr (W.C.); joongho.ahn@postech.ac.kr (J.A.) Daejeon 34028, Korea; aser.com (Y.S.) 

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Abstract: Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is being actively ii 1 & a no invasive and non-radioactive imaging technique for sentifiel lymph nod )5101( ‏اخ ,وستوقس لمنادعهسالت قصة لدعتامه 5ه عومتهمعقة ومعلما ترظ بردمواط‎ probes SLNs non-invasively with methylene blue (MB) in both liv animals and breast cancer patients. However, these PAI systems have — limitations for widespread use in clinics and commercial marketplaces because the lasers used by the PAI systems, e.g., tunable liquid dye laser systems and optical parametric oscillator (OPO) lasers, are bulky in size, not economical, and use risky flammable and toxic liquid dyes. To overcome these limitations, we are proposing a novel dual-modal photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging system based on a solid-state dye laser (SD-PAUSI), which is compact, convenient, and carries far less risk of flammability and toxicity. Using a solid-state dye hand piece that 650-nm wavelength, we successfully imaged the MB tube ‎Teich (ole e-\icws 01 01cr- Lm BPO AE LOl‏ اكلا ‎deeper than the typical depth of SLNs‏ ‎lermore, we showed them ultispectral‏ ‎Mmes( MICE‏ ا 0 1 ‎thlighted from the surrounding vasculature.‏ 

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Materials and Methods 2.1. Dual-Modal Photoacoustic and Ultragound Imaging System with a Solid-State Dye (SD-PAUSI) 

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2.1, Dual-Modal Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging System with a Solid-State Dye 2 [ Laser system Data Controller Ml acquisition Post processing |"Raw data ‘Computer Figure 1, Photograph and schematic of dual-modal photoacoustic and 9 ‏ل‎ (en Ctra (CISD GIS Cin ultrasound; Tx, transmit; Rx, receive; TR, transducer; WT, water tank; 1 ‏ا‎ em 

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Laser Trigger ‏ونش امي أ‎ . 0 ‏فد مسق‎ US machine Tt ۱ : Time Trigger : Scanner = Distance Figure 2. Data acquisition sequence of the dual-modal photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging systemwith a solid-state dye laser (SD-PAUSI). PA, photoacoustic; US, ultrasound. 

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Chicken aa US intensity (2.4) 35 2.25 3 Depth [mm] In Vivo Rat SLN Imaging Figure 3. In vitro PA imaging of the MB tube at different depths. (a) Photographs of the experimental setup and the MB containing the tube positioned in chicken tissue. (b) Overlaid B-mode PA/US images at different depths. (c) SNRs of the PA images of 30-mM MB-filled tube at various depths from the tissue surface at 650-nm wavelength. TR, transducer; MB, methylene blue; SNR, signal-to-noise ratio; PA, photoacoustic; US, ultrasound; RA, reflection artifact; and a.u., arbitrary unit. 

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سس بر ‎PAampitude au)‏ Results ۱ ccc Un ۱ CMC YES ecstacy mat ‏عط فده وهتوهذ امد من ها عوک وهی لهاصمهته وه‎ ۱ ‏ا‎ MR eer ۱ MOVe lnc yan ecg time. (bl-dl) Cross-sectional overlaid B-mode ‏مذ دعصا معطعقل ,عغتطته مط وصملة غنت كع وفص 5تا/قط‎ Figures (b-d), respectively. (b2-d2) Cross- sectional overlaid B-mode PA/US images cut along ‏زاعستاععصوعم ,(ل-ط) كععنوذ؟ هذ دعصنا فعطكقة بمععمو‎ (e) PA amplituenhancement of the SLN and LV ۱ Coste ma WitMaCeamicnT ea Tmo volume-rendered De PA/US image (Supplementary Video $2). TR, 02 ‏ا ا ا‎ photoacoustic; US, ultrasound; SLN, sentinel lymph node; LN, lymph node; and LV, lymph vessel, and a.u., arbitrary unit. 

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Control After MB injection with chicken tissue —_ with chicken tissue Water gel Chicken tissue Max Min PA amplitude [a.u.] US intensity [a.u.] ‘ig ire 5. In vivo cross-sectional B- ode PA/US images with chicken issue before (a) and after (b) MB injection. SLN, sentinel lymph node; MB, methylene blue; and a.u., arbitrary unit. 

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Figure 6. In vivo multispectral PA imaging of rat sentinel lymph node. (a-c) PA MAP images obtained with 532-, 650-, and 1064-nm eM Cet CMesc ‏ا ا‎ B-mode PA/US images at white, dashed lines in | eecnetetets acl PA MAP images. (d) Quantified PA amplitudes at BV, LV, and SLN with dierent wavelengths. PA, photoacoustic; BV, blood vessel, LV, lymph vessel; SLN, sentinel lymph node; and a.u., arbitrary unit. 

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نز برورهبعطا جمعها موق 8ععلبع/۱۵:۸6 4عصنطهی فهه املمصهبممجم لهعه ۶ه تررحمطا همناه‌هنطهم6) ‎infantile hemangiomas: a retrospective analysis of 48 treated hemangiomas in 30 children‏ ena ee Cru LUD ce Ree SUE ‏امحصنط معقا0 ر‎ ۱ صعععه۲۱ مصنعع[ , دقطع5 8 اممطءن , bere cremate ۸ توااا تاد fil me ۱ eee ar eI Rewer 7 ۱9 ‏دع وصتااعم0 عمغصون لمعنل ه11‎ 10 مامه قصة كعتطهتلء2 2ه غمعسوعدموط (2) اممنهع۱۵وانعبه ا ‎Poca‏ ‏دعومةاعه6 ممادو 0 University medical Center Goettingen 

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3222-7 Background and aims: ‏ا 0 ا‎ 2 treated by both systemic propranolol and neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG)-dye laser combination therapy. In this retrospective study, the efficacy and safety of sequential and parallel therapy of complicated hemangiomas treated with both methods were ‏ات یت‎ | meter vel Ia?.0y twelve children received laser therapy after propranolol (B) and seven children received propranolol after laser therapy (C). Due to emigration abroad, one child was lost to follow-up. A strong improvement (IV) was observed in 23/29 (79.3 %) of all treated children (A; 90.9 %, B 75 %, C 66.7 %). The mean duration of propranolol therapy in all children was 8.6 months (A: 8.9 months, B: 8.2 months, C: 8.9 months). On average, 2.33 laser treatments were | (oles 0 oyun ‏ا 0 ا 6 ل‎ ‏.ع تتعوطه غمه عصعته ترومضفط؟ عروكها قصة 01[مصدعمممم ترط لعكتاهع‎ 50001000 2 ‏ا ا ا‎ mete Ie used sequentially or in parallel safely and effectively. They complement each ‏ماه‎ ey 

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همننهلنومم هنک Between January 2011 and March 2018, 30 children were treated with both combined laser therapy (Nd:YAG/PDL) and oral propranolol treatment. Treatment was indicated in all cases because of rapid growth of the IH with existing ulceration, risk of bleeding, loss of function or cosmetic disfigurement. All parents of children who had not been previously treated were offered both propranolol treatment and laser therapy with a comprehensive explanation. Treatment was planned by an interdisciplinary team of dermatologists and pediatricians together with the parents. eCaedeenrome CN mona Menara ttl fer teCorm an tsmnice Merona McC RNC marty parents’ preferences (e.g. local vs. systemic treatment, duration of therapy), so the decision was individual in each case. Diagnosis of IH was clinical, confirmed via duplex sonography (MyLab™60, ultrasonic probe LA43, ESAOTE Biomedica, Cologne, Germany). Duplex sonography recorded extent and perfusion of the IH in a qualitative manner; all investigations were performed by the last author of this ۱ MeVy erence Va met ethics committee of the University Hospital Géttingen. 

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١ [| DE ‏«صحتمطا‎ ۱ ۱ Cerca Ogee GentleYag or GentleYag Pro, Syneron Candela, Neu-Isenburg, Ge ‏ا ل ا‎ use Oa EME MS Uthat s oe Ever mts) aati) ۹ ee ne Sey CSR TMS Crm B Selo e so ‏روعطصوعآ-باه ۱ رهله‎ 6۱ ۱ with an integrated cooling BAe ORV eC RCC Mme CECE MR Ciy7 ‏ركسع صطهعم] أمعنيووطتاك عو‎ energy density was increased unless side effects such ‏:یمهم فقط عطهعی عم و۱‎ Energy density was 90-110 J/cm? for the Nd:YAG laser and 9-11 J/cm? for the PDL and was adapted to the estimated vessel caliber, extent and color of the IH, as well as experience with ‏ا ل ا ل ا‎ CCN COM T oLe ‏ل‎ ‏ل ا ا ا ا‎ 00 ‏ا ا‎ Cae ‏هه‎ a ‏ی‎ (RSE, SE eee ‏ی دم‎ 

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All parents were informed about possible side effects such as swelling, erythema, immediate purpura, blistering and skin erosion. In cases of blistering or erosion, twice- daily treatment with fusidinic acid eream (2 %) was recommended. Consistent UV _ protection was also recommended for three months after laser therapy. Patients’ parents gave written consent to photographic documentation including “use in research, education and 1 

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Propranolol treatment Systemic treatment with propranolol was performed in the Department of Pediatrics after in-patient cardiological investigation (ECG, echocardiography). Regular and frequent monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate and blood glucose was performed while dosage was increased step-wise from 0.5 mg/kg BW/day up to the target dose of 2-3 mg/kg BW/ day. In the first three weeks, out-patient monitoring of the vital parameters mentioned was performed weekly. If all values remained in the normal range, the intervals were extended to four weeks. If weight gain occurred, the propranolol dose was adjusted accordingly. The duration of propranolol treatment was determined according to therapeutic response and tolerability; the aim was a duration of 6-8 months. 

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Patient characteristics ‎lel or sequential propranolol‏ صمتعویهوزظ1 ‎atments are effective ‎Combined propranolol and laser therapy are safe 

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10199 Location ofthe Hin the had nedcregon (n =311H) 

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Mean age at initiation of 5] Mean age at initiation of LT Mean duration of PT(in {Mean number of LT per (in weeks) (in weeks) months) ۳ GoupA 143 (range: 4-32) 27 (range: 1-65) 8.9 (range: 15-17) 1195 (range: 1-4) GoupB 119 (range: 4-32) 52 (range: 31-115) 8.2 (range: 15-15) 3.2 (range: 1-8) 36.7 (range: 12-107); 133 (range: 6-22) 89 (range: 6-12) | 1191 (range: 1-5) 19.1 353 86 Table 2 Mean age of children at the initiation of propranolol (PT) and 1 oa neque to Matic mct mete number of laser treatments per IH. 

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0 6dhildren n 101H 233% 00% 0۳00 26059 | W Ch roataectantrnt cats Group B 12 ‏م مععوانت‎ 15 00% 00% 360 90590 Group A n= children n= 221۳ 18190 10(90999 Total effective 29 children a7 iH 26990 900 403899 230359 sno iimproverent (0-259 I =slight improvement (26-5099 moderate improvement (51-7599 IV =strongimprovement (76-1009 ‎Cosh‏ ل ل ا ‎groups. 

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Discussion Figure 2 Representative clinical results of group B (propranolol followed by combined Nd:YAG/pulsed dye laser therapy). Segmental IH on the head and neck with incomplete PHACE syndrome: Result after six months of propranolol and five Nd:YAG laser treatments at the age of 61 weeks (a-c), result after three combined Nd:YAG/ pulsed dye laser therapy (d-f). Mixed IH on the left cheek: Overview and detail after eight months of propranolol and three Nd:YAG laser ‏ار رت رت تون‎ dye laser therapy at the age of 63 weeks (g, h), result after seven combined Nd:YAG/pulsed dye laser therapy (i, j). Mixed IH on the tip of the nose (Cyrano nose): ‏عطنجمصه عباهسا عاگد آنعاعه لت سینت‎ 05 

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Group A: parallel treatment with propranolol and ‏معط معدل‎ Figure 3 Representative clinical results of group C (combined Nd:YAG/pulsed dye laser ‏اسان‎ 2 propranolol therapy). Subcutaneous IH in the right corner of the eye: Before treatment at the age of 13 weeks (a), result after one Nd:YAG dye laser treatment (b), result after two Nd:YAG/pulsed. dye laser treatments before starting propranolol therapy (c), result at the end of the sixmonth propranolol therapy (d). Subcutaneous IH on the left upper eyelid: Before therapy at the age of seven weeks (e), progressive IH after single Nd:YAG/pulsed dye laser treatment (f), result with ongoing one-month propranolol therapy (gq), result 

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ومد 90 وومم دید ‎yas‏ ‏۰04 ‎yas:‏ ‎anor‏ ‏2099 ‏920 ‏20% Group B: Propranolol first, followed by laser therapy 32/48 (66.799) مه و همدو مه 0 0 0 00 0 دهد 016% 600 مهد ‎wis‏ ‏0 مدي Breer) BATH yu209%9 ‏مهو‎ ۵00 هه هو مهو هو وووم میدید Table 4 Frequency of reported local side effects after combined و۱ ۱ ‏ا ا ا ا ا‎ CHa oT therapy) 

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Genes linked to cancer could be easier to detect with liquid lasers Xudong Fan The University of Michigan College of Engineering is ranked among the top engineering schools in the country. At more than $130 million annually, its engineering research budget is one of largest of any public university. Michigan Engineering is ۱ litem irramt ieee ‏ا‎ MNEttT Science Foundation Engineering Research Center. The college plays a leading role in the Michigan Memorial Phoenix Energy Institute and hosts the world class Lurie Nanofabrication Facility. Michigan Engineering's premier scholarship, international scale and multidisciplinary scope combine to create The Michigan Dierence. Find 

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Using this liquid laser, University of Michigan Professor Xudong Fan has developed a highly sensitive technique for identifying mutated DNA that diers from healthy DNA by a single base. The ne white horizontal line is the capillary cavity that enables the laser to amplify the intrinsic dierence in the light signals from healthy and mutated DNA. Image ۳ Nicole Casal Moore s ‘2 a ل Using a liquid laser, University of Michigan researchers have developed a better way to detect the slight genetic mutations that might predispose ۱ a person to a particular type of cancer or other ۳ 01563565. | 

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| nti ۱ 7 | came 000 011 eRe matat ose sir ۶ ‏عه عزط ه طلز نز 0ن م۲3‎ backtracking. "ععمعمعتة عط عمد ما انم صق ‎Conte Tom‏ صذ جمععهگمتج ل ل ل ل ۱ 12" .اعوزمعم عط ده «مغدوةععحصة لدمتعمكم قصة 0 بفلقصوله صذ ععمعمعتل فط عمد عمصصدء تامو زنط رده غمعغدم ع1 .عدمصومتةكتم قلنامع. 1۱ me atta eit rre rma c= ۱ Teel a) intrinsic dierence in the signals,” Fan ‏بو‎ 

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The researchers say their technique works much bétter than the current approach, which uses uorescent dye and other biological molecules to nd and bind to mutated DNA strands. When a patrol molecule catches one of these rogues, it emits a uorescent beacon. This might sound like a solid system, but it’s not perfect. The patrol molecules tend to bind to healthy DNA as well, giving o a background glow that is only slightly dimmer than a positive signal. Pat ‏ا ا‎ coi fale roe Neat eaten Tea ene ante as solid-state lasers do. Fan, who works at the intersection of biomedical engineering and photonics, has been developing them for the past ve years. In his unique set-up, the signal is amplied in a glass capillary [۱ racer genni 

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“We thought, ‘Let’s look at the laser output. Can we see what's causing the ‏ا تصمتونة‎ st) an intuition, and it turns out the output dierence was hnae™ The paper is titled “Distinguishing DNA by Analog-to-Digital-like Conversion by Using Optouidic Lasers.” The research was funded by the National Science Foundation. The rst author is Yuze Sun, a doctoral student in the Department of Biomedical Engineering. The university is pursuing patent protection for the intellectual property, and is seeking commercialization partners to help bring the technology to market. 

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0۵5۸ | 1002 The Optical Society Since 1916 ctrally narrow pulsed dye laser without beam expander Bsign advantage Michael G. Littman and Harold J. Metcalf We have developed a simplified version of the side-pumped pulsed dye laser which has a spectral halfwidth of 1.25 GHz and a peak power of 10 kW at 600 nm. The basic laser consists of only four components (output mirror, dye cell, diffraction grating, and tuning mirror) and is exceptionally easy to align. Since the beam expander has been eliminated, the laser cavity can be made quite compact. Under the condition of reduced gain, the laser has been operated in a ‏واوصزه‎ 6۰ 

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Design advantages of this laser include: i“ Se ۱۳۹ NOR es su UCe aes ots Roda eect tet ecient ات ال كا ‎number of surfaces in the optical cavity. The‏ ی ات ی ار ‎see‏ ‎ec nach Cre Ry ices‏ وصنامتو موتقا 1۳6 چ بطونط مهد سهک ح تولده عذ اما وتساء ‎Cede ctr‏ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎S 8 be made extremely A pressure scanned8 system can that short duration be constructed with the tuning ean be used more pirror mounted external to the ‎pressure cell thereby providing rreatar flow hilt 

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Fig. 2. Grating and tuning mirror arrangement illustrating angles used i ‏.كلد تزلقسة مط‎ moc eon a grazing incidence dye laser. 

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۱ ‏ا‎ 0 Perot etalon (1.15-cm—I free spectral range) as Ceri ean CRs ‏ا ا‎ sole scanning element is the tuning mirror which in this case is rotated about 3 mrad. The sweep بصن 10 وز متا ‎osetia Sem retary st‏ دا ‎using scanning Fabry-Perot etalon.‏ 

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‎Tossl CRs manent eerecvteprta Ge gece)‏ ل ‎dye laser design which we have tried that could” improye™its‏ ‎performance and versatility depending upon thes™ Specific‏ :ممتاهمزام وم ‎(1) A curved concave cylindrical mirror €ould be used to replace the flat turning mirror in long cavities to prevent losses due to vertical Peer Mercerns (nen ‎(2) A Littrow mounted grating could be used in place of the tuning mirror to increase the dispersion and consequently reduce the laser ‏ا‎ ‎(3) Intracavity etalons may be inserted to select particular modes of short cavities or to passively narrow output from long cavities. ‎(4) A totally reflecting mirror can replace the output mirror in which case the Oth order grating reflection is used for output coupling. 

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Appendix In aligning this or any laser it is helpful to have a convenient way of estimating the laser performance. The method that we used was to observe visually the fringe pattern when laser light, which is diffusely reflected from a white card, is viewed through a FabryPerot etalon mounted on the end of a telescope. The etalon plate has a free-spectral-range of 1.15 cm—I and a finesse of 20 (Molectron DL026C). The telescope is five power and focused Parting To set up the laser, first obtain the one pass spot caused by the feedback ‏چم مود عمط عنصهه ما ا ا ا‎ the region of spontaneous emission and adjust the mirror horizontally so that the spot is as close as possible to the illuminated face of the dye cell. Next, slide the grating into the beam at grazing incidence so that most of the spot is intercepted. (One can see how much of the grating is being used by observing the Oth order reflected beam.) Find the strongest diffraction order and reflect it back to the grating with the tuning mirror. Adjust the 8 ‏غناصنه عوكدا فط‎ Puta ‏ل ا ا ا ل‎ nmrirtel ec single narrow line is obtained. 

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The long-term effect of pulsed dye laser on Necrobiosis: Lipoidica: A case study Gunnar ne Bergqvist & Gunnar Be Bergqvist, M عم علماار ۱9| yurnal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy وتا ,2۸ رمتعظ رمتهه۲اروعهههط ۵۶ جماصوع رمووعن؟ متاود ی قلعم 

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ABSTRACT ۱:۹ ICCM ctotct mrt arty irrepressible case of Necrobiosis Lipoidica considering the possibility of a surgical skin graft. Instead, a pulsed dye laser treatment was used as an alternatetreatment. Previous case studies have been found in the literature on the effect of pulsed dye laseronNecrobiosis Lipoidica. The use of a pulsed dye laser in this case resulted in rendering the lesionsasymptomatic for pain and a reduction in volume. Prolonged control Cem TS Morons Teme trem recs ito ttt that pulsed dye laser therapy is effective when increasing the number of treatments of 1 eee ‏ا ا‎ 0 ‏نزو ون متعم تطمى»ع721‎ 

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Case presentation In this particular case, a 57-year-old white obese female with poorly controlled diabetes was presented with progressively growing and changing painful lesions of the lower extremities. After evaluation from primary care and dermatology, further treatment was sought for possible skin grafting with our service. 

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Methods and materials - The laser used is a Candela V BEAM perfeéta pulsed dye laser wavelength of 595 nm mStar Teme rt recy sTold - Fluence of 5 J/cm2 at pulse duration of 3 ms with intermediate cryogen - Double-stacked pulses in two passes without development of purpura 

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| 5 Results _ - After the additional three treatments, the lesions 520 ie 1 _ a reduction in the raised nature. The superior lesion had a > ie from6—10 to and the foot ‏ات‎ 0 a reduction from 10 to 1 mm. treatment with follow-up. - Furthermore, symptomatic control of the lesions was observed over 12 months in conjunction with no changein character. pain, and discomfort associated with Necrobiosis Lipoidica. Ultimately, pulsed dye laser therapy resulted in control of the lesions. These conclusions fall in line with the previous plying the pulsed dye laser as a method of treatment. Our experience, in this case BG oud be extendedbeyond 3 months and three treatments. In our case, six d over a period of 12 months. Although complete resolution did not 3 ‏ی‎ a prolonged time helped render the lesions a significant reduction in the raised character of more studies should be done toelucidate the nt on Necrobiosis Lipoidica. However, we conclude atment schedule can lead to controlof symptomatic 

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Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy with | 5 amodeless dye laser Jae Won Hahn, Chul Woung Park, and Seung Nam Park OSA | 100 The Optical Society Since 1916 Movable CARS Modeless Dye System ۱۳ Conclusions 

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We develop a modeless dye laser for broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy ~CARS! and investigate the operational characteristics of the modeless laser. The energy efficiency of the modeless laser is 6%, and the beam divergence is 0.65 mrad. We construct a compact movable CARS system with the modeless laser and a graphite tube furnace to assess the accuracy of the CARS temperature. It is found that the difference between the averaged CARS temperature and the radiation temperature measured with an optical pyrometer is ,2% at a temperature range from 1000 to 2400 K. We also measure the averaged CARS temperature drift owing to the variation of the spectral distribution of the modeless laser, which is ,1.5% during 5 h of operation. © 1997 Optical Society of America 

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۳ 150 0 ون ) ۱۸۵۵۲ ۲۸۵: ۱۵ Fig. 2. Energy conversion efficiency and output energy of the ASE measured as a function of the pump beam energy Schematic diagram of the er modeless dye | 

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orn ‏و‎ DISTANCE FROM CENTER OF BEAM ne) جوم ۳ 6 3 0 12 ی Modeless Dye Laser و 

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Fig. 6. Optical schematic diagram of the broadband mobile CARS system: A, screen for alignment; B, beam divider; C, Galilean telescope; D, detector; F, absorption filter; 8 crystal polarizer. 

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Movable CARS erent Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of the high-temperature blackbody furnace: A, lens; B, dichroic mirror; C, copper gasket; D, fused quartz window; E, electrodeywater line; O, optical pyrometer; P pressure transducer; R, molybdenum radiation shield; V, vacuum lineygas 

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۱۹ meyer UIs) 9 115012002 TEMPERATURE (K) 

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TIME ( HOUR ) ‎sR 2°28 8‏ 210۵۵3 اند ( بر ) ‎‘TEMPERATURE ( K ) ‎۳ ‎eh ‎4 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‏چ 8 ه 8 * ‏مریه) - ر(وویی ‎ 

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تایرواتیا هار9 ‎)Ceyelets MEME CCTM CeCe SMA MET ran‏ ا ‎and have investigated the operational characteristics of a‏ ‎eeeree ata:‏ 1 ‎and the beam divergence is 0.65 mrad. The wavelength of the ASE can‏ ا ‎aCe Coo‏ ‎wavelength selection device, such as a narrow-band interference filter or‏ ‎a grating. However, if we use a grating for tuning the wavelength the‏ ‎ASE beam has a different spatial spectral distribution. When a‏ ‎diffraction grating is used, the center wavelength variation of the ASE‏ ‎beam reaches 2.5 nm ~32 cm21!. On the other hand, there is a variation‏ ‎of only 0.1 nm ~2.0 cm21! with the narrow-band interference filter.‏ ‎a compact, movable CARS system with the modeless‏ وه ‎We‏ 5 ‎‘With a new homemade temperature-fitting program for the CARS‏ & ‎can obtain the CARS temperature from the measured CARS‏ ل معلع 1۷۵ اصمصتتومد ۳ ‎acy of the CARS temperature in‏ ‎mene eet mer sts‏ 4:1 1 ‎temperature measured with an optical‏ ‎the uncertainty of the averaged CARS‏ ‎ae er eT a‏ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 

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We plan to undertake additional research to test the accuracy of CARS temperatures at high pressure and the variation analysis of CARS | ‏ا ا‎ lo We are grateful to L. A. Rahn and R. L. Farrow of Sandia National Laboratories for providing the CARSFIT code used in this research. We Evecare tr ‏عط وصناده صذ ماعط عنط هك تواتمةننصتا عوامعطعءم8 غه علهوع]1 .ل‎ modeless laser. 

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