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WIALLING
1-5
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اتكلسق سنادة
Plain English
ا Teen Sie ال ES
به مقصد و درك مطلب با يك بار
9
Topic sentences
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peers Airey
EVO EQraN cy gery OOS ا Ve CD CEE ES
و فشرده.
ترجيح خوانندكان : حداقل تعداد لغات در جملات و
ياراكرافها.
ا ا لت ا 01م
جملاتی بیش از 000 کلمه یا دو خط تایپی » بلند محسوب
snaky sentences) 454 .« (.
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9
٠ استفاده از كلمات با معنى روشن و عدم نياز به تفسيرن.
* After six days, the symptoms had
improved.
+ After five days, the symptoms had
"(0
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9
higher, lower, : cS 5 eye GUIS عدم استفاده از
decreased, increased
دقیقا اشاره به میزان کمی تغییر ایجادی.
The treatment group did better than »
the control group (p <0.005)
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عدم تكرار
عدم استفاده از جملات كليشه اى و تكريارى .
ا ا ا ل 1 كم
در مقدمه و بحث بجای ردیف کردن مطالعات دیگریان به
ترتیب و با یک اسلوب ۰ سعی شود نتایج با هم ترکیب شده
و به صورت مقایسه ای مطلب ارائه شود.
از تكرار مواد و روشها در قسمت يافته ها و نيز تكرار
يافته ها در قسمت بحث اجتناب شود.
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عدم تراکم
* عدم تمایل در خواندن صفحه ای مملو از اختصارات »
اعداد» اسامى فنى و ١310© .و
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۲
٠ در بردارنده هدف اصلی نویسنده در هر پاراگراف.
kee ee wena ا 2
به طورى كه که خواننده بتواند به افکارش سامان دهد.
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روان بودن مطلب
۶ استفاده از قیود اتصال.
۳
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CAUSE
The experiment was unsuccessful the measuring instruments were
inaccurate.
The experiment was unsuccessful the inaccuracy of the measuring
instruments
due to (the fact that) as
on account of (the fact that) because
in view of (the fact that) since
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RESULT
The measuring instruments were calibrated accurately, the
experiment was success
therefore as a result (of which)
consequently which is why
hence 50
Dont start sentences with so to communicate a result; it's too هو
informal.
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CONTRAST/DIFFERENCE
British students are all vegetarians, Norwegian students eat
meat every day.
however on the other hand
whereas while
but by contrast
on the contrary and conversely don't fit into this category because they
don't only communicate difference; they communicate the fact that
‘exactly the opposite is true, so you can’t use them in the sentence
above (because vegetarians and meat eaters aren't opposites, they're just
different). However, you could use them in the following sentence: Some
experiments used uncalibrated instruments and succeeded; conversely,
other experiments used carefully calibrated instruments and failed.
Be careful when you use while; it is also often used to mean ‘at that/the
same time’, so if there's any possibility of confusion, choose a different
connector.
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UNEXPECTEDNESS
(a) it was difficult, a solution was eventually found.
(b) the difficulty, a solution was eventually found.
(c) It was difficult; a solution was eventually found.
(a) Although (b) Despite (c) nevertheless
(a) Even though (b) In spite of (c) however
(a) Though (b) Regardless of (c) yet
(b) Notwithstanding (c) nonetheless
(c) even so
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ADDITION
We used a batch processing system because it was more effective
it was faster.
in addition also
moreover secondly (etc.)
furthermore in the second place (etc.)
apart from that/which what is more
© besides has more or less the same meaning as the items in the list above,
but it’s more powerful and is therefore better used in more persuasive
contexts,
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COT PCM Crores
+ There were more cases of esophageal cancer in
our follow up study of patients with Barret’s
esophagus than there were cases of gastric
هروه
* Patients with Barret’s esophagus were
more likely to develop esophageal cancer
than gastric cancer.
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کوتاه نوشتن
+ Sexual assault against a child presents a significant
problem to society and there is much evidence that sexual
assault impacts negatively on the psychological
development of children.
* Sexual assault has a negative impact on the psychological
development of children.
9 By Tol co R110) Pre ا
است.
+ Doctors workload reduction program
+ Program to reduce the workload of doctors.
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اعدادو فرمول ها
eS eS Sno ا
In the study group, nine patients underwent PCI.
we 41D 31 Sj hse!
There were 320 participants in this study.
عدم شروع جملات با عدد: در صورت اجبار شروع با حروف .
Forty percent of participants had diabetes .
ع ا SCO SIS BIC Re 0
In the study, 18 boys and 9 girls had insomnia.
شروع اعداد کوچکتر از ) با صفر
The p value was 0.020
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اعدادو فرمول ها
عدم فاصله بين عدد و علامت درصد در سمت راستش
In total , 45% of patients had diabetes. *
وجود فاصله قبل و بعد از علائم رياضى +2 » - » +
وجود فاصله بين عدد و واحد يس از آن.
The mean height of the group was 175 *
cm.
براى بيان درصد . جنانجه تعداد كل بيشتر از (0000 ٠ رقم درصد را تا يك رقم اعشار
ل ۱
In our sample of 245 children , 11.8% had diabetes. +
In our sample of 58 children, 10% had diabetes. +
Pep ee aor ok ees etm Peers Ise a0 eh
In our sample of 15 children, 3 had diabetes. +
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اعدادو فرمول ها
استفاده از نمادهای مخصوص کوچکتر. مساوی (<) و
ee TSE" (>). خط انداختن ممنوع.
RE MBETey INE ReG ل ا ا PEPE
to 2.31.4 (LP O.9) (C.9-..F)
در اعداد منفى » to -2.3 1.4- de to
ميانكين و انحراف معيار به سه روش:
٠ (ا39.4)5 18.5(, 39.4)18.5( 39.4 +
18.5
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۱۳ eee es
ABBREVIATION
پسندیده ولی نه در عنوان
CT, DNA, AIDS , EKG
بار اول » شكل كامل سيس اختصار.
از همان لبتدا لشكالندارد. 10,0
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ترشیت
data, media, formula, criterion, ) 2% jul «
datum, medium,) es =“! s( child
.( formulae, criteria , children
iJ ae) و وروت
indicate, suggest, support, confirm,
(imply, need
observe, record, compare, ) : فقط فاعل انسانی +
identify, describe, see, speculate,
(conclude, believe, know , collect, aim
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زمان فعل در بخشهای مختلف مقاله
اقايع يذيرفته شده علمى
... ل ا ا ا ل ل
Srey re erie Tes
مقدمه: زمان حال براى شرح
00 2 eRe
مواد و روشها : زمان گذشته
0 اه
يافته ها : زمان كذشته براى ارائه يافته ها
We found that...
1 eT es)
2
۱
00
زمان حال برای بحث درباره متون علمی
ی
زمان كنشته براى بحث درباره يافته هاى اين مطالعه
We found that...
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انتخاب درست کلمه
No case, subjects, asthmatics, diabetics ; use
participants, asthmatic patients , patients with diabetics.
۱۱۵ ۴۵۱6, ۲6۴۵۵۱6: مصعم عدن , ۰
No level ; use concentration( serum protein
concentration)
relation no relationship : قدو وزن
4 e.g ( example gratia » that is 2 i.e. (id est ) .» ls!
: for example
There were six subjects with solid tumors (e.g. breast
cancer, lung cancer,)
There were four subjects with solid tumors (i.e . breast
cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer and stomach cancer).
عدم استفاده از کلماتی نظیر , surprisingly , interestingly
unfortunately
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Shorter or more correct version
Assess, measure, investigate
Associated
Because
Concentration
Documents
Considered
Dose
Explain
Function
If, when
Lessen, ease
Methods
Near
Now
Most
Pairs
Rank
Relation
Risk factors
Symptoms
Term
To
Use
Table 10.4 Using the correct word.
Long or incorrect version
Determine, detect
Correlated (as an adjective or verb)
Due to the fact that, for the reason
that, on account of, owing to
the fact that, on the basis that
Level
Documentation
Taken into consideration
Dosage
Elucidate, clarify
Functionality
In the event of, in the eventuality of
Alleviate, moderate
Methodology
In close proximity to
At the present moment, at this point
in time
The majority of
Dyads
Prioritise
Relationship
Adjuvants
Symptomatology, complaints, events,
clinical picture
Terminology
In order to
Usage, utilise
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علامت گذاری
+ نقطه: در نام افراد » مخفف ها و در عنوان لازيم نيست.
DrjJ Aronson, HIV, 8 pm, 70 kg. *
الات 00
علامت سوال : نادرست در هنكام نوشتن يك جمله يرسشى
The patients were asked how often they experienced each of
nine symptoms of depression.
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علامت گذاری
۰ کاما: وقتی که جمله با جمله واره وابسته شروع می شود
Before the study begins, you should be able to write a well- +
developed study question.
Ree re eT este oe Ta
However, it is not known whether treatment of patients earlier +
in the course of MS is of value.
3 یج راز مکی غیر ضروری ؛ درون یک جمله واره مستقل یا در پایان جمله قرار می
aes
The concept of self-management, which is based on patient +
autonomy, is problematic.
0
٠ Iron deficiency , the leading cause of anemia worldwide, is
most frequently caused by occult blood loss.
ل 1
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علامت گذاری
۱
معريفى ليستى ان اسامى:
We collected data from the following centers: Tehran,
Shiraz, Bushehr, Kaki, Dyeilam and Gonabad.
0 Ree Tee ae Es
Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the Bushehr province: new
trends in incidence and prevalence
ee eee See)
Mean age was 53.4 years; 51.5 were women.
2 Sons abit
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Table 8.4 Style table for scientific weting,
Tp Action
Write the topic sentence Begin each paragraph with 2
topic sentence end use the main
Follow the topic sentence wit
supporting sentences
Put the sentences i (Check for logic in the order in
correct order wihich you present ideas
Eliminate fog Simplify your thoughts anc your
sentences
Avoid Jargon and acronyms
Use everyday words
xy what you mean Inspect word orders and word
Encure flaw between sentaness Link end cf one centonee to
ginning of next of use transit
words
Write tight Doleto all non-essential words,
phrases, and clauses
CChop up the snakes Use short sentences of about
eck For nom tan consistent view
i ordors within and 6
Think of your audience Imagine you are explain
Make your paper look attractive Chop up walls of toxt and keer
hanges of topic visual (new
paragraph) and verbal (new te
ntance)
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Table 11.2 Use of apostrophes to Indicate possession.
Condition Examples
For singular or plural nouns that do The doctor's stethoscope
not end in “s”, add an The patient's belongings
apostrophe and an “s” The children's toys
For plural nouns that end in “s”, The patients’ waiting room
add an apostrophe
For singular nouns that end in “s", Dr Barnes's paper
add an apostrophe and an “s
(with the exception of a few
words such as Jesus’, Moses’
where last syllable is pronouned)
For phrases, add the apostrophe The Chief of Staff's book
and an “s” to the last word
For joint ownership, add an Barnes and Smith’s paper
apostrophe and an “s” to the
last name
When there is no joint ownership, Smith's and Miller's papers
add an apostrophe and an “s”
to each name
Pronouns that are already possessive —_His, hers, its, theirs, yours
do not need apostrophes
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Some points
The patients were referred from the neurology department to our
center for the assessment of brain If this is the official department
title (as listed in the hospital directory), it should be capitalized.
If this is the official department title (as listed in the hospital
directory), it should be capitalized.
Use abbreviation if more than 2 times aterm is
repeated during a manuscript.
ع مز لإاتدمعغما ۵۲۵ ۷۱۵ حازلانتع صرح کز ۲6۲6"
stomach wall than in the heart on both stress ....
دص توا ۸ مق ذأ معط
stomach wall than in the heart on both stress ...’.
When you use “more”, you must indicate ‘more
اقترا مقط
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