صفحه 1:
صفحه 2:
An introducti
to
medical
nanotechnol
)4 ات
صفحه 3:
عصان 0 ۶۱
ل تايا
۲ ۶ ۰۵
۱۱۵۱۵-56۵
Application area
Ba
صفحه 4:
Introduct 1
ضحكت
Idea of using Nanotechnology in medicine:
Nanorobots in human body
1999
Robert A. Freitas Jr
Nanomedicine:
1
Use of nanotechnology to bring about improvements in healthcare
By modified physical/chemical/biological properties of nano-scale
materials
Many biological mechanisms in human body also occur at nano-scale
1960 Zurich
2007
European Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine (Switzerland)
صفحه 5:
1
Construction لك
Celene aay 9
Ma ce
یی رن
Of all human biological systems
From molecular level
Using engineered devices &
nanostructures
صفحه 6:
عادء5
» Some physical laws > Different at Nano-scal
3 2 5 ۴ ناج Surface/volume 1 زک
Total surface
esl 96 192 384
‘Total volume 84 64 64
Nanoparticles: ‘Surface-to-volume »
ie 15 3 6
huge surface
suitable for chemical interactions with biomolecules
4 biochemical reaction time
Analytical devices > faster & more sensitive
» Smaller devices:
Lower invasiveness
Possible to implanted within body.
Small size of biological sample for measurement
Viscosity = more effective at nanoscale ١-5
tinteraction with capillary walls
صفحه 7:
Nano ew
scale —
10۴0 < 1/10۶8
A single human hair = 80,000 nm Typical protein size = 3-
تست 6
—
» Red blood cells = 6000-8000
Most
| Nanopartictes
Nanoparticulate systems: 0 ع
Size ranging from a few nanometers 1
(micelles) 1
To several hundreds of nan te « و
سر 20065( ١
i
Nucleic Acid Fragment
Biameter of
Prokaryotie Celis Mobile Phone
۰
صفحه 8:
Application
plication > 6
صفحه 9:
Medical 7 cw
diagnostics
In vitro diagnostic
Traditionally > laborious task ۱ رِ
6 =>:
Disadvantages:
sample deterioration, cost, lengthy waiting times, inaccurate r@sults
New generation of device:
Smaller, Faster, Cheaper, Smaller samples, Accurate readings
Smaller samples:
tinvasive & traumatic methods of extraction 4
] ۱۱۵00۵۵6۵۷
(Nanotechnol
Test one sample for numerous diseases 47
Screen large numbers of samples for one disease
‘lab-on-a-chip’ devices,
صفحه 10:
diagnostics
Biosensors
a sensor contains a biological element
such as an enzyme
+ فم
capable of recognising presence,
Activity/concentration of a biological molecule in soli 1
specificity & sensitivity
|
New techniques in electronics
.
ال لل
و
مر 0 1 ecg
Miniaturisation of biosensorgar "2! =
Smaller samples (
Highly integrated یوس
صفحه 11:
In vivo diagnostics
Imaging techniques + implantable devices
Nanoimaging: study of in vivo molecular event:
Imaging techniques:
optical imaging, nuclear imaging (radioactive), MRI, ultrasound, X-ray
imaging
Goal-of-in vivo Nano-diagnostics
Create highly sensitive & reliable detection a
Deliver & monitor therapy
Molecular imaging = basic tool for monitorin:
Traditional imaging techniques
Vs.
Nanotechnology at level of a single cell
صفحه 12:
ee living, functional tissues
Repair/replace tissue/organ
(loss function by age, disease, damage, congenital defect)
Regeneration of tissues:
Implantation ea جح
مت cells + biological 5
To support cell proliferation مح
0 Patient
Growth factor, (Cells
Stem cells
Biomateria, Tissue Call
development expansion
eo 3D scaffold 5
صفحه 13:
em
mr
Implants, sensors
Swallowable imaging ‘pill’ 3
=
New endoscopic instruments.
Smart measurement of glucose
+ Miniaturisation for lower invasiveness
صفحه 14:
Nano-biopsy
Brain tumours ~ Hardest cancers to dia|
Biopsies > Benign or malignant
Nanotechnology
tinvasiveness mtDNA
Sequencing
aspiration 1
Collect proteins & cells by surface adhesiagingle-Cell Nanobiopsy
*Remove small amount of “floating” cells & biomolecules
“Without removing brain tissue
-Without causing harm
صفحه 15:
sy ie
Drugs: chemical/biological small/big molecules with 3
ره
لا
Nanocrystal 1<
تا
Nanotechnology 1 4 © — — 8
\ =[ ۲
Nanoliposomes
Direct & selective therapies at diseased tissues/cells
jpsulation of drugs in carriers ne
Nanopolymers
» Behaviour of nanomaterials > should be demonstrated
صفحه 16:
‘Nanoparticle
> Nanoparticulate drug delivery 1
Vector generations:
* First generation vectors: شاد Hydrophilic drugs
nanospheres & nanocapsules 90 Hydrophobic druge
Hydrophiic shot
* Second generation vectors: ۳ (Eo ee)
nanoparticles coated with hydrophilic polymers
such as polyethylene glycol
LUpla-polymer hybrid NP
* Third generation vectors:
combining a biodegradable core + a polymer envelope
nal chemotherapy- kill also healthy cells (advers«
Conve
Nanoparticles > as drug carriers for chemotherapeutics
Direct delivery to tumor
صفحه 17:
Drug delivery (mechanical) devices
>» Nanopump
Miniaturised drug delivery pump based on MEMS chips
im
Implante for accurate dosing of various compounds
with dedicated delivery profiles
Nanopump for insulin delivery
Nanofabrication & mic chniques
Enable design & fabrication of ultra small devi
With reservoirs, actuators, pumps
To control accurately release of drugs
Can be implanted within body, even in brain.
صفحه 18:
Nano- هه
rmaceuticals “=
۲
Theranostics, combined techniqu =
treatment
Contrast agents/probe development
in drug delivery, toxicology, imaging technology
Nanosystems
© © © © ©
in vitro diagnostics techniquesetatic Protein Dendrimer Micelles Polymeric 656ددما Lipid based NPs
+
in vivo nano-imaging @ THERAPY
© chemotherapeutic drugs Florescent probes ie
Lead to targeted tumor disrURLG Nucteic acids Contrast agents
or removal Ge Pentides/proteins Quantum dots
9 arid 3
=
_ Cancer Theranostics ©
o & ۵
Localised ‘surgery’
صفحه 19:
Nanotechnology ~ interface between bio (human) and non-bio
(machine)
new ethical issues
Requires careful analysis of ethical aspects
New nanomedical inventions
Have to evaluated by ethical, legal and social a
Principles:
* Non-instrumentalisation
* Privacy
* Non-discrimination
+ Informed Consent
+ Equity
۰ The Precautionary Principle
صفحه 20:
Conclusio “ng
Nanomedicine
1
In diagnosis, treatment and screening
> Limited data about side effects of Nano-drugs
Help to nono-drug release, optimal dose, side effects
e
o
صفحه 21: