Ayurveda

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For our project components, check out our Wikis pace: http://nurs3730.wikispaces.com/ 

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Hand-Out 

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Ayurveda Worlds oldest system of natural medicine Traditional, comprehensive, evolved over 5000 yrs Veda = “knowledge or science” Ayus = “life or lifespan” Ayurveda means... “Science of Life” or “Knowledge of the Lifespan” Deals with the principles of creation, preservation and restoration of health, and the promotion of longevity (Morrison & Svoboda; 1995) 

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Brief History of Ayurvedic Medicine * Early health-care was considered a part of a spiritual tradition * The early Sages: — deeply devoted to God — received knowledge of Ayurveda through divine revelation — Knowledge transmitted orally & eventually transcribed into books * 600 B.C. two schools of Ayurveda formed: School of Physicians & the School of Surgeons — They established a strong empirical foundation for Ayurveda * Consequently, Ayurveda grew into a respected & widely used system of healing in India (Mishra, Singh & Dagenais, 2001) 

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Brief History of Ayurvedic Medicine 400 B.C. Ayurvedic texts translated into Chinese - Many Chinese scholars came to India to study Ayurveda 800 A.D. Ayurvedic books translated into Arabic 900 A.D. Islamic physicians quoting Ayurvedic texts — became very influential & contributed to evolution of medicine in Europe 1600 A.D. Paracelsus, (Renaissance'physician) practiced a system of medicine that borrowed heavily from Ayurveda Significant obstacle for the scientific credibility of Ayurveda was the lack of standardization, adherence to traditional methods for preparing formulas (Mishra, Singh & Dagenais)2001) 

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Ayurveda Goal: to integrate & balance the body, mind, spirit. This is believed to help prevent illness & promote wellness Many therapies used in Ayurvedic medicine are also used on their own as CAM—i.e. herbs, massage, & specialized diets (National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2005) 

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Ayurveda is Holistic ۰ View of the individual as an integrated whole, not a collection of parts * Sees the person as intimately connected to nature and the universe Environment, relationships, job and constitutional type, diet & activities, the weather & seasons are important when considering prevention, diagnosis & treatment MENTAL PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL SPIRITUAL (National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medieine,.2005) 

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An Emphasis on Balance * The human body is part of nature - when it runs perfectly as designed, it can be perfectly healthy * Using self-healing and self-regulating, it is trying to be healthy at all times (homeostatic balance) Interference causes imbalance ٠ Wrong diet, poor exercise, negative thinking, stress and fatigue etc. (Morrison & Svoboda; 1995) 

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The five fundamental elements that make up the universe: space, air, fire, water & earth also make up the human physiology These energies are called..."doshas” (Mishra, Singh,-& Dagenais, 2001) 

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DOSHAS/ DOSAS Structure & Energy * Concept of dosha has two fundamental ideas: 1. Its being a bioenergetic substance 1. Its acting as a bioenergetic regulatory physiological force, process, principle (Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi, 2008) 

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Three 5 vata pitta kapha doshas سس مامه ۲ (Fontaine, 2005) 

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Vata Elements: air & space Climate: dry & cold Principle: movement Emotions: fearful, anxious, sensitive, nervous, changeable Systems Most Affected by Vata Imbalances: CNS & colon Symptoms of Vata Imbalance: flatulence, back pain, circulation problems, dry skin, fearfulness, arthritis, constipation and CNS disorders (Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi, 2008) 

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Pitta Elements: fire & water Climate: hot & moist Principle: transformation Emotions: hate, anger, intolerance, impatience, jealousy, humour, intelligence, warm-heartedness. Systems of Pitta Imbalance: skin disorders, acidity, sun-sensitivity, premature hair loss or loss of hair colour, diarrhea (Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi, 2008) 

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Kapha Elements: water & earth Climate: cold & damp Principle: cohesion Emotions: stubbornness, greed, jealousy, possessiveness, lethargy, reliability & methodical behaviour, kindliness, motherliness Systems of Kapha Imbalance: congestion, bronchial/nasal discharge, sluggish, digestion, nausea, slow mental.responses, idleness, desire for sleep, excess weight, fluid retention (Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi; 2008) 

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Ayurveda & Transcultural Nursing Perspectives Leininger’s Modes of Action & Decisions a.Culture Care Preservation/Maintenance Nursing Goal: identify practices based on care preservation & maintenance for healthy outcomes b. Culture Care Accommodation/Negotiation Nursing Goal: accommodating of herbs & special diets Awareness of meditation practices c. Culture Care Repatterning/Restructuring Nursing Goal: awareness of practices & legalissues (Larson-Presswalla, 1994) 

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Ayurveda & Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness Definition of Consciousness - Interaction With Environment PERSON *Imbedded in & interacting with the larger energy system known as the universe *Known for their ways of being, patterns of energy, & distinctness from others ENVIRONMENT *Human beings are related to the larger universe, always in interaction withthe environment *Consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person-environment interaction 

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۸۵۱۱۱۳۱۷۵۵05 6 ۱۱6۷۷۲۱۵۲۱5 ۲۳۱۵۵۲۷ ۴ Health as Expanding Consciousness HEALTH «Incorporates disease as a manifestation of the evolving pattern (information) of the whole person in interaction with the environment NURSING *Goal: to utilize their power that is within as they evolve toward higher level of consciousness (Newman & Moch, 1991; Phatris:& Endo, 2007) 

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Application to Nursing Practice * Patient Safety " Ayurvedic Medications http://www.hc- sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2008 /2008_73-eng.php * Patient Education * Nurse Education " Determining Dosha types and reviewing lifestyles (Narayanasamy & Narayanasamy, 2006) 

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Personal Background of the Practitioner * RAKESH R. MODI (Ayurveda Guru) B.A.M.S., D.Ac., Dr.Ac., M.Ac., M.Ac.F., C.A.H.P. " Ayurvedic Physician & Lecturer " Certified Holistic Practitioner PanchaKarma Specialist Quality Assurance Person (Q.A.P.) " Co-Founder & Director of ICAP Inc. (International Council of Ayurvedic Physician Inc.) Director of IIACM Inc. (Institute of Ayurveda & Complimentary Medicines Inc.) 

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Personal Background of the Practitioner RAKESH R. MODI (Ayurveda Guru) B.A.M.S., D.Ac., Dr.Ac., M.Ac., M.Ac.F.,°C.A.H.P. Family Tradition - 4 generation practitioner Father emigrated to Canada & opened practice in Toronto Dr. Modi continued with practice: expanded & modernized it Brought a modern influence to an ancient system 

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Training / Licensing Requirements for Ayurveda Training is accredited and licensed, but specific to individual, private schools / institutions that certify individual practitioners. (RNAO, 2009; AMANA,.2009) 

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Ayurveda & Mind Body Spirit Relationship Knowledge Gained from the Interview: + Lifestyle: ™ Plays an important part in maintaining mind-body-spirit relationship * Food and Diet: " What you eat will affect your physical and mental health ۰ Work and Leisure: " The way we handle our bodies will affect the mind- body-spirit relationship * Our body & mind are interconnected & inseparable 

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Ayurveda & MindBody Spirit Relationship * Dr. Modi’s statements were in line with the research literature * Food and Diet: — What we eat plays a big part in determining health — Brings strength, complexion, happiness & longevity without disturbing the equilibrium of dhatus (tissues) & doshas of the body Work and Leisure: — These are activities as opportunities to counter any imbalances & nurture the mental, emotional & inner aspects Take Home Point: The way we handle our body will ultimately affect our mind & spirit (Morrison & Svoboda, 1995; Sharma,-2009; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007) 

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Ayurveda & MindBody Spirit Relationship Knowledge Gained from Literature: * Holistic knowledge: = the whole range of life, inner, and outer * Individual as an integrated whole: = not just a collection of parts (eyes, lungs, heart) + Each and every person is unique, with their own individualistic mind, body constitution & life circumstances (Morrison & Svoboda, 1995; Anselmo & Brooks1996; Garodia et. al, 2007; Mishra et. al, 2001; Lenora, 2009; NCCAM, 2005; Narayanasamy;-2006; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007; Larson-Presswalla; 1994) 

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Ayurveda & MindBody Spirit Relationship Knowledge Gained from Literature: * Body uses its innate self healing as a self regulating ability for a perfect homeostatic balance * Doshas work together to produce strong healthy tissues. * Doshas are balanced if the mind & body are in harmony producing emotional & mental stabilities. = Simply, what we eat and do each day & how we think & feel are the influences in maintaining a good body-mind-spirit relationship (Morrison & Svoboda, 1995; Anselmo & Brooks, 1996; Garodia et. al, 2007; Mishra et. al, 2001; Lenora, 2009; NCCAM, 2005; Narayanasamy; 2006; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007; Larson-Presswalla; 1994) 

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Ayurveda & MindBody Spirit Relationship Knowledge Gained from Literature: + Dr. Vasant teaches that certain negative emotions are connected with specific body muscles & organs Adrenals Anxiety, lack of support Bladder Insecurity Colon Nervousness Heart Sense of lack of love, feelings of deep hurt Lungs Sadness and grief Kidney Fear Gallbladder Hate liver ‘Anger Small Intestine Sense of Failure Spleen Greed, attachment, possessiveness Stomach Lack of fulfillment, contentment (Morrison & Svoboda, 1995) 

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Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Interview commentsRESCA re h * The practice of Ayurveda " Diet * Adjustment to lifestyle & workstyles * Education + Ayurveda Diagnosis "Initial assessment through observation * Pulse diagnosis + Ayurveda Treatment * Panchakarma (Five actions of cleansing) * Shiro Dhara (Oil dripping on forehead) + Mental health and Ayurveda " Mental Health and Addictions department collaboration on research about mental health and Ayurveda * Extensive research being conducted in Ayurveda and mental illness 

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Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research Literature on Ayurveda: + Imbalance in mental doshas (satogun, rajogun & tamogun) & body doshas (vata, pita & kapha) causes major illness. + Management includes: * Clinical examination * Diagnosis - essentially done by observation, touch & questioning * Dietary Interventions * Lifestyle Interventions " Treatment (Mishra, 2001), 

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Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research Literature on Ayurveda: * Clinical examination consists of a 8-point diagnosis: = Pulse diagnosis = Urine, stool, tongue, voice & body sounds " Eye, skin, & total body appearance examination = Digestive system & physical health examination " Additional examinations include digestive capacity, personal habits & resilience (Mishra; 2001) 

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Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic esearch Literature on ‏م‎ ‎* Treatment = Panchakarma (Cleansing) * Palliation " Dietary & lifestyle interventions " Herbal dietary supplements = Yoga = Massage " Education (Mishra, 2002) 

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Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research Literature on Ayurveda: * Diet * Vital to health management " According to: oYour Primary Dosha oSeason oClimate oAge & Sex O Qualities of Food (Mishra, 2001) 

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Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research Literature on Ayurveda: Ayurveda & Mental Health * Study on treatment of schizophrenia with Ayurvedic medicine * Treatment of depression with Ayurvedic medicine * Shirodhara (dripping oil on the forehead) " Anxiety " Altered state of consciousness " ADHD (Agarwal et al., 2009; Krishnamurthy & Teles, 2007; Ohja, Kumar, & Rai, 2007; Uebaba et.al., 2008) 

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Payment Structure/Fees + Ayurvedic Consultation $115 = Follow up consultation $50 * Sliding Scale of Treatment & Payment options + Diamond / Golden / Silver Packages = Panchakarma - rejuvenation & cleansing 0 $ 325 (+3hr session) - $ 175 (1% hr session) = Shirodhara - flowing stream of medicated warm oil on forehead (third eye) 0 $ 120 (1% hr session ) - $ 30 (15min) = Abhayanga (Ayurvedic Healing Massage) © $190 (2 hours) - $ 45 (4 hour) http://www.ayurvedtoronto.com/services.htm 

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Ayurveda & Traditional Chinese Medicine Similarities * both conceptualize essence of life in terms of the ebb & flow of energy * focus on the patient rather than the disease * aim to promote health & enhance quality of life * symptoms mean very little by themselves * examines every person holistically & by their body type to properly form diagnoses * many overlapping herbs used in both traditions (Patwardhan, Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, 2005) 

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Ayurveda & Traditional Chinese Medicine Differences + TCM diagnoses patients based on to the Ying & Yang Theory " practitioners see the body as a unified whole with opposing aspects * every element, function & feeling has a complementary opposite " view illness as a result of Yin & Yang imbalance + Ayurveda concerned with achieving balance between the three doshas " views the body as a series of energy channels " disease is seen as an impairment.to.the flow of energy through these channels (Patwardhan, Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, 2005) 

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Ayurveda & Reiki * Both approaches grounded in the belief of life energies ٠ Reiki is a purely energy based therapy ۰ Ayurveda concerned with seven major Chakras (Miles & True, 2003) 

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Ayurveda & Aromatherapy * Utilize many of the same raw materials — essential oils, absolutes, phytoncides , herbal distillates, infusions, carrier oils * Both apply the principle of synergism of essential oils with the body to heal the mind, improve cognitive functioning & overall health * Both systems believe the nose to be the gateway to the brain & consciousness (van der Watt, & Janca, 2008) 

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How is Ayurveda perceived and its relevance to our caring-healing praxis? 

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Hands-On! Ayurvedic Methods & Techniques * Video Demonstrations * Class Exercise "What's your dosha? " How to balance your dosha? 

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References ‘Agarwal, V., Abhijnhan, A., & Raviraj, P. (2009). Ayurvedic medicine for schizophrenia. The Cochrane Collaboration, 4, 1-35. ‘Anselmo, P., & Brooks, J. (1996). Ayurvedic Secrets to Longevity and Total Health. London: Prentice Hall. Biswas, T., & Mukherjee, B. (2003). Plant medicines of Indian origin for wound healing activities: ‘A review. The International journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 2(1), 25-39. Fontaine, K.L. (2005). Complementary & alternative therapies for nursing practice, (2 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ.: Pearson Education Inc. Garodia, P., Ichikawa, H., Malani, N., Sethi, G., & Aggarwal, B. (2007). From Ancient Medicine to Modern Medicine: Ayurvedic Coiicepts of Health, and Their Role in Inflammation and Cancer. Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology, 5(1), 1-16. Krishnamurthy, M., & Telles, S. (2007). Assessing depression following two ancient Indian interventions: Effects of yoga and Ayurveda on older adults in a residential home. journal of Gerontological Nursing 33(2), 17-23. Larson-Presswalla, J. (1994). Insights Into Eastern Health.Car Some Transcultural Nursing Perspectives. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 5 (1)-21-24. 

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References Lenora, S. (1968). Ayurveda Medicine: The Strange and Fascinating Tale of the Art and Science of Indian Medicine. Clinical Pediatrics, 7, 239-242. Miles, P., & True, G. (2003). Reiki: Review of a Biofield Therapy. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 9(2), 62-72 Mishra, L. (2001). Healthcare and disease management in Ayurveda. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 7(2), 44-50. Mishra, L., Singh, B.B., & Dagenais, S. (2001). Ayurveda: A Historical Perspective And Principles of the Traditional Healthcare System in India. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 7(2), 36-42. Narayanasamy, A. & Narayanasamy, M. (2006). Ayurvedic Medicine: An Introduction for Nurses. British journal of Nursing, 15(21), 1185-1190. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (2005). Ayurvedia Medicine: An Introduction. Retrieved October.23, 2009, from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/ayurveda/introduction.htm Newman, M. A., & Moch, S. D. (1991). Life Patterns of Persons with Coronary Heart Disease. Nursing Science Quarterly, 4(4), 161-167. 

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References Ninivagai, FJ, (2008). Ayurveda: A comprehensive quide to traditional indian medicine for the West.’ Praeger Publishers, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. Ohja, N., Kumar, A., & Rai, M. (2007). Clinical study on the role of Ayurvedic compound (itanas Niyamak Yoga) and Shirodhara in the management of ADHD in children, National Institute of Ayurveda. Patwardhan, B., Warude, Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Comparative Overview. eCAM, 2(4), 465-473. Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, N. (2005). Ayurveda and Pharris, M. D., & Endo, E. (2007). Flying Free: The Evolving Nature of Nursing Practice Guided by the Theoty of Health as Expanding Consciousness. Nursing Science Quarterly, 20(2), 136-140 Sharma, V. (2009), Diets based on Ayurvedic constitution, potential for weight management. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 15(1), 44-4' Uebaba et al., (2008). Psychoneuroimmunologic effects of Ayurvedic oll-dripping ‘treatment. Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine, 14, 1189-1198. van der Watt, G., & Janca, A. (2008). Aromatherapy in nursing and mental health care. Contemporary Nurse, 30 (1), 69-75.