صفحه 1:
BLOOD INVENTORY MANAGEMENT:
HOSPITAL BEST PRACTICE
Provider
Master
university
صفحه 2:
Blood is a perishable product, and hence good
management
of inventories is crucial. Blood inventory management
is a trade-off between shortage and wastage. The
challenge is to keep enough stock to ensure a 100%
supply of blood while keeping time expiry losses at a
minimum. This article focuses on inventory
management
of red blood cells in hospital transfusion laboratories to
derive principles of best practice and makes
recommendations
that will ensure losses due to time expiry are
kept to a minimum. The literature was reviewed to
identify available models for perishable inventory
management.
Historical data from the UK blood supply chain
was analyzed to identify hospitals with good inventory
ee
صفحه 3:
The findings from the case studies were
compared with the literature. The extant literature
asserts that the drivers for good inventory performance
are the use of complex inventory models and algorithms.
This study has found this not to be the case. Instead,
good performance is driven by the quality of transfusion
laboratory staff, who must be skilled, regularly trained,
and experienced.
Electronic crossmatching, transparency
of the inventory, and simple management procedures
also facilitate good performance
صفحه 4:
BLOOD COMPONENTS REMAIN a scarce
and precious resource, this is despite the
fact that over 1.9 million units of blood are donated
in England and North Wales every year, 0.9 million
in Canada, and between 4.3 and 4.9 million
whole blood donations have been collected in
Germany annually over the last 10 years. In the
United States, buying blood accounts for about 1%
of total hospital spend, as blood is utilized in many
procedures
Using blood units before they time expire allows
them to be used for treatments and hence reduces
unnecessary costs. Improving blood inventory
management practice reduces losses due to time
-expiry and facilitates the efficient use of blood
صفحه 5:
Inventory management and distribution of blood
are seen as major components of the cost for
blood. Hence, both efficient management of
blood inventories and logistics can contribute to a
reduction in the overall cost of blood.
Therefore, this research
article will focus on a review of inventory practice
.in hospitals
Jw
صفحه 6:
This article has 2 key objectives, to
review the available literature on generic perishable
inventory management and in doing so evaluate
potential models that can be applied to the blood
supply chain. Second, the article will identify the
key drivers for good blood inventory performance
by investigating practice in hospitals that have
minimized their wastage and compare these with
.the findings from the literature
صفحه 7:
METHODOLOGY
The objective of this exploratory research is to identify how
good inventory practice can support a reduction in wastage
of red blood cells (RBC) units in hospitals and how it
compares with the findings
from the literature. Data covering 277 hospitals in
England and North Wales was provided by BSMS in 2009.
These data were analyzed to identify hospitals with low
wastage levels of RBC. The
database used for analysis contains information
relating to inventory management such as:
¢ hospital type and profile
¢ stock levels in hospitals and blood centers
* age distributions and remaining shelf lives of
red cell units
* issues to hospitals
* wastage in hospit Is and blood centers (number
صفحه 8:
As this research project was exploratory in
nature, it was important to ensure that the case
studies generated valid, reliable, and generalizable
results. Once the interviews were completed,
interview transcripts were reviewed by the research
team, and key themes and insights were identified.
This was undertaken by clustering the material from
all sources into different categories for each case
individually.
The interview transcripts,
information from site visits, and archival data were
then clustered into these categories. While clustering
the information, the categories have been
discussed iteratively within the research team to
get multiple perspectives on the facts preventing
.biased conclusions
صفحه 9:
To prevent bias in the analysis, the hospitals
were clustered by size, and each cluster was
analyzed independently. This approach will ensure
that a comprehensive picture of the differences
and commonalities in stock management in
hospitals of different sizes is created. Hospital
size is an important factor. In larger hospitals, the
order volumes are larger and deliveries are often
more frequent. Additionally, larger hospitals tend
to have more complex medical and surgical
services and hence differing demands for blood
when compared with smaller hospitals
صفحه 10:
CONCLUSIONS
Interviews with blood inventory managers in the
top performing hospitals revealed 6 key themes that
together drive good performance in blood stocks
inventory management. These themes are human
resources and training, stock levels and order
patterns, transparency of inventories, simple inventory
procedures, focus on freshness, and internal
collaboration within the hospital. All of these
themes highlight the importance of having highquality,
trained, and experienced staff. These staff
must be aware of the wider implications of wasting
a unit of blood, be able to apply simple inventory
management techniques, and collaborate with
.clinical staff outside of the hospital laboratory
صفحه 11:
Decisions
This study emphasized that
experienced and skilled staff are the key to low
wastage. Ensure that staff handling critical processes,
such as ordering and issuing, are trained
regularly and that fluctuation and rotation rates in
.these staff positions are kept low
صفحه 12:
Interview
Simple processes are highly effective in managing
blood inventories efficiently. For example, a
piece of paper, on which the standard order
quantities are printed, pinned onto issue refrigerators
reduces the chance of making mistakes.
Another efficient tool in reducing the number of
units in the assigned inventory is electronic crossmatching.
Electronic crossmatching is widely
used in the larger hospitals, who confirmed that
a reduction in assigned units can be achieved and
the number of time expired units could be reduced
due to more flexible allocation of units to patients.
One hospital uses the benefits of electronic crossmatching
to enhance internal collaboration
صفحه 13:
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صفحه 14:
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