صفحه 1:
www.tabaye.
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© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 2:
Complementary and
£ Alternative Medicine
PowerPoint® presentation to accompany:
Medical Assisting
Third Edition
Booth, Whicker, Wyman, Pugh,
Thompson
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 3:
4 Learning Outcomes
44-1 Define CAM.
44-2 Compare complementary and alternative
medicine to
conventional medicine.
44-3 Discuss how CAM and conventional medicine
are
used together.
44-4 Identify various types of complementary and
alternative medicine.
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 4:
Learning Outcomes (cont.)
44-5 Describe how a medical assistant may use his or
her
knowledge of CAM.
44-6 Explain why patients and health-care practitioners
are turning to complementary treatments.
44-7 Discuss insurance and payment for CAM
treatments.
44-8 Explain how CAM is regulated.
44-9 Describe health fraud.
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 5:
4 Introduction
" More than 30% of adults use
complementary and alternative
therapies
" Relieve problems
= Promote wellness
= No relief from traditional treatments
= Some physicians use a combination of
CAM and traditional therapies
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 6:
۳ What Is CAM?
= A group of practices and products that
are not part of conventional medicine
= Allopathy - conventional medicine or
common and usual practice
= Complementary medicine - used with
conventional medicine
= Alternative medicine - used instead of
conventional medicine
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 7:
4 What Is CAM? (cont.)
" Scientific evidence concerning safety
and effectiveness
= Available for some CAM therapies
= Research continues so information
changes
= Integrative medicine
= Evolves as CAM therapies are adopted by
conventional medicine
= Combination of both
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 8:
2ج
= Apply Your Knowledge ی
Define CAM and state why these
therapies are not in wide use by
ANSWER: CAM is a group of practices and
products not considered part of conventional
medicine. They are not widely used by
physicians because there is not a lot of
scientific evidence of their safety and
effectiveness.
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 9:
4 Types of CAM
= Shared similarities ۲ Categories
" Individualized = Alternative
اله good. medical systems
nutrition, an wm ea”
preventative health Mind-body
practices interventions
= Holistic = Biologically-based
" Promote self-care therapies ۱
and self-healing = Manipulative and
= Recognition of one’s body-based
spiritual nature methods
= Energy therapies
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 10:
Types of CAM: Alternative
۳ Medical Systems
= Evolved apart from conventional
medicine
=" Homeopathic medicine
" Treating syndromes and conditions with
remedies that produce similar syndromes
and conditions in healthy people
=" Remedy
= Produces the symptoms it is given to treat in
order to stimulate the body’s natural defenses
to heal itself
= Must meet FDA standards
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 11:
Types of CAM: Alternative
۳ Medical Systems (cont.)
=" Homeopathic medicine
= Looks at individuals, not diseases
= Initial in-depth assessment
= Follow-up - how they are responding
= Medical assistant role
" Similar to other medical offices
= Have knowledge of common remedies
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 12:
Types of CAM: Alternative
4 Medical Systems (cont.)
= Naturopathic medicine
" Relies on the healing power of the body
to establish, maintain, and restore
health
" Primary health care
= Nutritional / lifestyle counseling
= Dietary supplements / medicinal plants
= Exercise
= Homeopathy / traditional Chinese medicine
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 13:
Types of CAM: Alternative
4 Medical Systems (cont.)
=" Naturopathic medicine
" Medical assistant - understanding of
treatments
" Traditional Chinese medicine
" Balanced qi (vital energy)
Flow of qi along meridians (energetic pathways)
= Acupuncture - insertion of hollow needles along
meridians
= Ayurveda - provides guidance regarding food
and lifestyle; India
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 14:
Types of CAM: Mind-Body
4 Interventions
=" Enhance the mind’s capacity to affect
bodily function and symptoms
= Support groups and cognitive-
behavioral therapy now part of
traditional medicine
= Scientific support
= Placebo effect - WW II
= 35% of therapeutic response is due to
belief
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 15:
Types of CAM: Mind-Body
4 Interventions (cont.)
=" Most commonly used forms
of CAM
= Types
= Prayer
= Yoga
= Meditation
= Hypnosis
= Biofeedback
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 16:
Types of CAM: Biologically-
4 Based Therapies
= Use substances found in nature
= Dietary supplements
= Herbal products
= Foods
= Medical assistant
= Keep up-to-date اطع 1
products
" Be able to provide reliable resources for
patients
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 17:
Types of CAM: Biologically-
Based Therapies (cont.)
= Dietary supplements
" Manufacturers -> no evidence of
effectiveness or safety
" No standardization to ensure consistency and
quality
= Types
* Vitamins
* Minerals ۳ jed daily amount
* Herbals - Del daily
amount
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 18:
Types of CAM: Biologically-
4 Based Therapies (cont.)
= Patient education for using supplements
= Report all supplements as they would
prescription medications
= Take supplement bottles to appointments
=" Document patient’s use ¢ ——
supplements in the 0
medical record Te)
ص
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 19:
Types of CAM: Manipulative and.
۳ Body-Based Methods
= Based on the manipulation and/or
movement of one or more parts of the
body
=" Type: " Craniosacral
ybes therapy
" Massage therapy * Feldenkrais
= Chiropractic manipulatiowethod
" Reflexology = Rolfing
= Alexander technique = Trager bodywork
= Bowen technique = Tui Na
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 20:
Types of CAM: Manipulative and
Body-Based Methods (cont.)
Massage
" Pressure, kneading, stroking, vibration,
and tapping to positively affect health
" Effects
* Relaxation * Reduces pain /
* Counteracts effects relaxes muscle
spasms
of stress Improves
. 4
۰ er heart rate and (Concentration
توت بت = Promotes restful
sleep
= Helps the mind relax
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 21:
Types of CAM: Manipulative and
Body-Based Methods (cont.) و
Swedish massage = Seated
= Stimulates circulation and
lymph flow massage
= Focuses on back
and neg
= 5 basic strokes
= Neuromuscular massage
= Release tension, relieves
pain and pressure on
nerves, and increases
blood flow
= Trigger point therapy
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 22:
Types of CAM: Manipulative 270
Body-Based Methods (cont.)
= Chiropractic = Chiropractor
medicine " Performs an
" Adjustments exam and takes
" Manual a history
treatments to re- = Tests
align the = X-rays
vertebraand @& ; ۱
restore تاعصنط 0 1 ۱ Muscle testing
of spinal nervds و | * Analyzes
posture
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 23:
Types of CAM:
Energy Therapies
= Bioeletromagnetic-based therapies
= Balances the electromagnetic fields of the
body
= No scientific evidence of efficacy
" Magnetic therapy
* Most common type
= Magnets are used to correct disturbances of
electromagnetic fields and restore health
= FDA - no medical value but relatively harmless
= Avoid for patients with pacemaker or defibrillator
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 24:
Types of CAM:
4 Energy Therapies
" Biofield therapies
=" Manipulate energy field surrounding
the body " Therapeutic touch
= Reiki = “Laying-on of
hands”
* Based on qi = Hands direct
* Visualization and touch human energies to
balance energy flow to help or heal
bring healing energy « No scientific
to organs and glands evidence of efficacy
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 25:
Apply Your Knowledge م
Match to types of CAM:
_A Therapeutic touch A. Energy therapies
_C Chiropractic medicine B. Mind-body therapies
_D Dietary supplements C. Body-based therapies
_B Yoga and meditation D. Biologically-based
therapies ge
_p TCM E. Alternative medical systems
8 Herbal supplements
_A Homeopathy / naturopathy
_p Magnetic therapy ۹
ع Hypnosis
Massage
م © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 26:
Patients Seeking CAM
Therapy
= Use is increasing = Reasons for
= Less expensive seeking CAM
* Have fewer side therapy
effects " Failure of
« More accessible traditional medical
interventions
Increase in spirituality
" Treat side effects
of conventional
medicine’s
= Preventive health care treatments
Personal growth
= Environmentalism
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 27:
Patients Seeking CAM
Therapy (cont.)
= Patients with chronic debilitating conditions
= Improve quality of life
= Improve ability to cope with stress and illness
= Cultural differences in CAM use
= Hispanics
= Native Americans
= Accept patient’s right to choose CAM
therapy
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 28:
2
Apply Your Knowledge 9 و
Mr. State is complaining about chronic back pain.
He says that the medication only helps a little and
asks you if there is anything else you could
recommend that will help him. What should you
ANSWER: If your employer is not averse to
CAM therapies, you can tell him that there
are CAM therapies that may help with the
pain or at least help him cope better with it.
He could try mind-body techniques,
acupuncture, manipulative 260 At)
techniques, or energy therapi2¥
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 29:
4 Insurance and CAM
= Coverage varies
= Lack of research and documentation of
efficacy
=" Emphasis on physiological or
biochemical response to therapies
= Alternative health insurance
companies emerging in response to
need
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 30:
4 Insurance and CAM cont.)
" Medical assistant
= Know whether or not CA ١
treatments are covered ea
insurance
=" Resources
= Insurance companies
= State agency that regulates the
insurance industry
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 31:
= Regulation of CAM Therapies
= National Center for Complementary
and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)
= Research
" Training and career development
" Conferences and educational programs
= Integration of scientifically proven CAM
therapies into conventional medicine
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 32:
Regulation of CAM Therapies
——
=" White House Commission on
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Policy (WHCCAMP)
= Funding for research
= Communication between CAM and conventional
practitioners
= Availability of CAM practitioners
= State review and evaluation of CAM
practitioners
= Insurance coverage options
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 33:
= Apply Your Knowledge (ee
1. Why do insurance companies not reimburse for
most CAM therapies?
ANSWER: Insurance companies do not
reimburse for CAM therapies because of the
lack of research and documentation of
GN BOG فكي 01 ی ی
© 2009 TAD Ycfraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 34:
4 Health Fraud
= Articles of unproven effectiveness
promoted to improve health, well-
being, or appearance
= Deception or trickery for profit
" Plays on emotions and desperation
= Regulation
= FDA - safety, manufacturing, and labeling
= FTC - advertising
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 35:
= Health Fraud (cont.)
" Health claims
" Unproven claims must
include a disclaimer
=" FDA-approved claims for food and
supplements
= Based on scientific evidence
" Only reduces risk / does not treat or
cure
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 36:
۳۹ Health Fraud (cont.)
Reduce risk of * Low-fat diets
some cancers * Fruits, vegetables, fiber-
containing
grain products
* Whole grains
Reduce risk for * Low-sodium diets
hypertension * Potassium
Reduce risk for * Calcium
osteoporosis
|© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 37:
۳۹ Health Fraud (cont.)
Reduce risk of |* Low-sodium diets
heart disease | + Decreased saturated fat and
cholesterol
* Soluble fiber and whole grains
* Soy protein / plant sterols /
stanol esters
Reduce risk for | Adequate folate
neural tube
defects
صفحه 38:
4 Health Fraud (cont.)
" Recognizing health fraud
" Check with the BBB or attorney general’s
office
= Check with appropriate health-care group
" Contact the FDA
= If it sounds to good to be true, it probably is
not true
= If unproven, get a second opinion
= Be aware of “secret cures”
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 39:
22|
۳۹ Apply Your Knowledge (ee
Why do people fall victim to fraudulent
health claims?
ANSWER: These claims target people
who are emotional and desperate. They
are hoping to find a cure, improve their
health, or just look better.
Bravo!
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 40:
In Summary
™ CAM is therapy =" Medical assistant
outside conventional must understand
medicine = CAM therapies
= Complementary
medicine is used = Insurance
with conventional reimbursement
medicine
" Alternative medicine = Health fraud
is used in place of
conventional
medicine 1
= 5 classifications AY
© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
صفحه 41:
The End
There is a magnet in
your heart that will
attract true friends.
That magnet is
unselfishness, thinking
of others first; when you
learn to live for others,
they will live for you.
~ PataMmahansa. LOAanaRda ver