Conventional and Complementary medicine (Chapter 15)

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CONVENTIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY ۱ @ MEDICINE Chapter 15 ©2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved, 

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GELP-CORE © Self-Assessment © Symptoms are often an expression of the body’s attempt to heal itself © Carefully observing symptoms lets you identify those signals that suggest you need professional assistance °© Body's vital signs Temperature Heart rate © Medical self-tests Blood pressure Blood sugar Pregnancy detection Urinary tract infections ©2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved 

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KNOWING WHEN TO SEE A PHYSICIAN © See a physician for symptoms that you would describe as: Severe Unusual Persistent Recurrent ° Emergencies include the following: Major trauma or injury Uncontrollable bleeding Intolerable and uncontrollable pain Severe shortness of breath Persistent abdominal pain Poisoning or drug overdose Loss of consciousness or seizure Stupor, drowsiness, or disorientation Severe or worsening reaction to an insect bite or sting or to a medication سر بح ساي ص واب موا ص ©2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved 

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SELF-TREATMENT © Non-drug options ° Self-medication © Over-the-counter (OTC) medications © Simple guidelines to self-medicate safely: Always read labels and follow directions carefully @ 2 Do not exceed the recommended dosage or length of treatment Use caution if you are taking other medications or suppiements (including herbal supplements) Try to select medications with one active ingredient Try to buy generic drugs Never take or give a drug from an unlabeled container If pregnant oF nursing, or have a chronic condition, consult health care provider before self-medicating » Be aware of expiration date » Store your medications in a cool, dry place © Use caution with aspirin 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 

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FIGURE 15.1 READING AND UNDERSTANDING OTC DRUG LABELS Papas of ach ‘ogres Active ngesents fsseg th quant pe ose 0 ‏سس یو امیس‎ Absolut conve ‏مه‎ args rt Site tec oat culd occ ao ‘ustnce an activities 16 avo 2 woul Tee people © Slepusing he prosuet هه متا | 1۳ ‎Dosage are when,‏ ‎haw sed en‏ toa the posuct ‘Aadinal formation ‏هس‎ ‎oe‏ اس میس ‎call wth questions,‏ ‎eee‏ ‎ ‎©2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved 

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PROPEGEIOMOSL CORE © Broad network of professionals and organizations, including: * Independent practitioners © Health care providers © Hospitals © Clinics © Public and private insurance programs © Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) © Therapies and practices that do not form part of conventional mainstream medicine © Complementary practices: those used together with conventional modalities © Alternative practices: those used instead of conventional modalities © Integrative medicine: conventional health practices to which a CAM modality is added © Most commonly used CAM therapies: © Nonvitamin, nonmineral natural products; chiropractic care; deep breathing exercises; meditation; massage; and yoga ©2012 McGr: hts Reserved. ‎Companies. All‏ از ‎ 

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CODVEDMOVDEL ۶ © Premises and assumptions of conventional medicine © Western medicine is the belief that disease is caused by identifiable physical factors © Identifies: Pathogens Bacteria or viruses Genetic factors Unhealthy lifestyles © Relies on pharmaceuticals, surgery, and advanced medical technology to correct, remove, or destroy physical causes ©» Based on scientific method of obtaining knowledge © Empirical 5 Rational ۶ Testable © Parsimonious © General © Rigorously evaluated © Tentative ©2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved 

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PLE PROOTMERG OP CODVEDMOVDEL ۶ © Medical doctors (MDs) ° Doctors of osteopathic medicine (O! © Podiatrists ° Optometrists ° Dentists © Allied health care providers: Registered nurses (RNs) Licensed vocational nurses (LVNs) Physical therapists (PTs) Social workers Registered dietitians (RDs) Physician assistants (PAs) Nurse practitioners Certified nurse midwives ©2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved 

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CWOOGIOG © PRIDBRY CORE PWLYEICIBO © Begin making a list of possible choices © Check insurance limits © Ask for recommendations © Family, friends, coworkers, local medical societies, and the physician referral service at a local clinic or hospital © Once you have a list of physicians, call their office and find out some information © Is the physician covered by your insurance plan and accepting new patients? What are the office hours? Which hospitals does the physician use? How many other physicians are available to cover when unavailable? How long does it usually take to get a routine appointment? 6© Does the physician give advice over the phone? 12 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved 

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GETTING THE MOST OUT OF YOUR MEDICAL CARE © The physician-patient partnership © Your appointment with your physician © The diagnostic process © Medical history © Physical exam © Diagnostic testing - false negatives, false positives © X-rays © Biopsies © Blood and urine tests © Scans © Endoscopies 6 Medical and surgical treatmentg ( © Prescription medications © Adverse drug events © Medication errors © Off-label drug use © Online pharmacies ° Costs 0 © Surgery ©2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved 

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CODPLEDEDNORY GOO CLEEROOMOGE OEO1ICIDE © Holistic: CAM tends to focus on an integration of mind, body, and spirit in seeking ways to restore the whole person to harmony © Alternative medical systems © Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) © The free and harmonious flow of qi (the life force) produces health © Herbal remedies - medicines prepared from plants © Acupuncture - insertion of thin needles into the skin Qi is believed to flow through the body along several meridians (pathways), acupuncture points along those meridians © Homeopathy © “Like cures like” ° Placebo effect © Naturopathy © The body has the ability to restore and maintain optimal health © 12 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved 

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O1IDD-BOOY DEDICIDEG © Makes use of the integral connection between mind and body © Meditation ۶ ۷093 © Visualization ® Taijiquan © Biofeedback 6 Hypnotherapy ©2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved 

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DOPBTORBL PRODDONDG © Consist primarily of: © Herbal therapies or remedies © Botanicals © Extracts from animal tissues © Dietary supplements ۵ Common element in most systems of traditional medid © Safety concerns ©2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved 

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DOOIPOLOMOE BOO 3000 - CBBEED PRBOMCES © Touch and body manipulation are long- standing forms of health care © Manual healing is based on the idea that misalignment or dysfunction in one part of the body causes pain or dysfunction in another part 9 rm ©2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved 

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6۳۹۷۸/۶۵۸ 0096 ۵۵ © Energy therapies: forms of treatment that use energy originating either within the body (biofields) or from other sources (electromagnetic fields) © Qigong © Therapeutic touch © Reiki © Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies ©2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All 

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ECOBLOOMOG CODPLEDED TORY OOD CBLOECROOMOE MLERBPIEG © Working with your physician © Areas to discuss © Safety © Effectiveness © Timing © Cost © Questioning the CAM practitioner © Why he or she thinks the therapy will be beneficial © Describe in detail any conventional treatments you are receiving © Ask how long the therapy should last © Ask about the expected cost of the treatment © Doing your own research ©2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved 

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POVYIDG POR WEBLML CORE © The current system © Combination of private and public insurance plans, patient out-of-pocket payments, and government assistance ° Health insurance © Traditional fee-for service (indemnity) plans © Managed-care plans © Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) © Preferred provider organizations (PPOs) © Point-of-service (POS) plans © Government programs © Medicare © Medicaid 6 Health Care Reform © The Affordable Care Act of 2010 hts Reserved. 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All 

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CODOEOMOVDEGL 0 0007 008 Chapter 15 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved,