صفحه 1:
Domain-Specific
Software Architecture
and Product Lines
Software Architecture
Lecture 24
Copyright © Richard N. Taylor, Nenad Medvidovic, and Eric M. Dashofy. All rights reser
صفحه 2:
مت
Objectives
® Concepts
What is domain-specific software
engineering (DSSE)
* The “Three Lampposts” of DSSE: Domain,
Business, and Technology
* Domain Specific Software Architectures
© Product Lines
® Relationship between DSSAs, Product Lines,
and Architectural Styles
° Examples of DSSE at work
صفحه 3:
مت
Objectives
© Product Lines
® Relationship between DSSAs, Product Lines,
and Architectural Styles
e
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Product Lines
° Aset of related products that have substantial
commonality
* In general, the commonality exists at the
architecture level
© One potential ‘silver bullet’ of software engineering
* Power through reuse of
° Engineering knowledge
° Existing product architectures, styles, patterns
° Pre-existing software components and connectors
صفحه 5:
مت
Domains vs. Product Lines
Oowuies are ic the problew spuce, product bees ure it
the svluiog space
© Domain © Product Line
* Consumer » Sony WEGA TVs
electronics Boeing 747 Family
* Avionics GNU compiler
+ Compilers suite
Suite of games
built on same
engine
* Video games
صفحه 6:
مت
Business vs. Engineering Product
Lines
® Business Product Line
» A set of products marketed under a common banner
to increase sales and market penetration through
bundling and integration
° Engineering Product Line
A set of products that have substantial commonality
from a technical/engineering perspective
® Generally, business product lines are engineering
product lines and vice-versa, but not always
Applications bundled after a company acquisition
» Chrysler Crossfire & Mercedes SLK V6
صفحه 7:
1 مت
Business Motivation for Product
Lines
Expense to create product.
1 Income from seling the product
digs GoPtiware
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مت
Business Motivation for Product Lines
Expense to create product
| Income from selling the product
سه
ناه وله
Coxiceeriog
ae Product 1 Product 1 Product 2-—_~Product 2
Expense Income Expense Income
! ! ! |
‘money
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۳ مت
[Business Motivation for Product Lines
@roduct-ice-based
Product 1 Product 1
Expense — Income — product 2 Product 2
| ۱ Expense Income
money
time —————+
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مت
Capturing Product Line
Architectures
A A A
Common Common —)
© Common: features common to all products
° A: features specific to product A
© B: features specific to product B
© Product A= Common + A
© Product B = Common + B
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مت
A Product-Line Architecture
© Definition: A product-line architecture captures
the architectures of many related products
simultaneously
© Generally employs explicit variation points in the
architecture indicating where design decisions
may diverge from product to product
صفحه 12:
ee RN ماص
A Lunar Lander Product Line
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مت
Product Component Table
© Helps us
decide 5
whether 1
creating a 3
۱ 3 2 ۵ او و اوه product line
is viable or Bll d) >
feasible 3 3 1 5 5 5
Lite [X |x [x |x 1
Demo | x | x |X | x x
ظ | ۶ | ۶ | 1 | x
صفحه 14:
مت
Group Components into Features
© Not a mechanical
process
° Attempt to
identify (mostly) i :
orthogonal él. 8
features, or gig 5 1
features that alae 2
would be 1 9 5
beneficial in که[ ]| م 8
Alements:
different productsxcur
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مت
Reconstitute Products from
Features
© Use technical and business 5 8
knowledge to identify which 3 8
combinations form feasible ع | 5 | لد | 3
or marketable products g 8 5 2
that will be constructed ۵ ۲ 9 ۲
Lunar Lander Lite 2 |
LunarLanderDemo | X xX |X
Lunar Lander Pro xX x
صفحه 16:
مت
Modeling Product Line
Architectures
Architectural models need to be diversified with و
information about variation points and features
» Not all ADLs have good support for this
Exceptions include
* Koala
® xADL 2.0
* These ADLs have explicit support for capturing
variation points
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صفحه 18:
مت
Selection
© Product-line selection is the process of extracting
a single product architecture (or smaller product
line) from an architectural model that contains
explicit points of variation
® ADLs such as Koala and xADL 2.0 can do selection
automatically with tools
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صفحه 19:
ee RN ماص
Product Lines for Evolution
le Products in a product line don’t have to exclusively capture
alternatives
* They can also capture variation over time
1
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صفحه 20:
ee RN ماص
Product Lines for Evolution
صفحه 21:
Product Lines for ‘What-If’
Analysis
© In addition to alternative products and different
versions of the same product, product lines can
capture different potentia/ products
Selection can be used to quickly generate
product architectures for potential products
* These can be checked for certain properties or
subjected to more rigorous analysis for
feasibility or quality
Can also be used to generate new product
ideas
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مت
Implementation Issues
© Important to partition implementations along
variation-point boundaries
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Implementation Issues (cont’d)
© Keeping evolving architectures and version-
controlled source repositories (e.g., RCS, CVS,
Subvers'*7* #= ~~ ميان
(as versoned ina sofware
configuration management system)
Text-Based UI
‘Component
Graphical UI
‘Component
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صفحه 24:
مت
Unifying Products with Different
Heritage
© Often, the idea to create a product line emerges after several
products have been implemented and commonality is noticed
© Strategies include
No product line
© It may be more expensive to create a product line or there
may not be enough commonality
One master product
© One product architecture becomes the basis for the
product line
Hybrid
© A new product line architecture emerges out of many
products
® Seems ideal but can be hard in practice
صفحه 25:
مت
Architectural Styles, DSSAs,
Product Lines
© Architectural Styles
» Can be general or domain-specific
* Provides general guidelines for diverse kinds of
applications; focus on -ility development
° DSSAs
* Domain specific; includes elaborate domain
model and specific reference architecture
© Product lines
» Explicit set of related products with common
aspects با سس ج | وه
EE
صفحه 26:
eR ae eRe ed
Families of Styles
‘Components
have one
input, one
‘output
Data moves
incharacter
streams
Data moves
in chunks
Linear
ordering of
‘components
Data moves
inone
direction
‘Components
‘execute in
parallel
‘Components
execute one
ata time
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صفحه 27:
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Objectives
© Examples of DSSE at work
صفحه 28:
مت
Koala
°® An ADL and tool-set for developing product lines
of consumer electronics
» A successor to Darwin in terms of structural
modeling
© One of the first ADLs to capture points of
variation explicitly
® Has tight bindings to implementations such that
architecture descriptions can be “compiled” into
application skeletons
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مت
Lunar Lander in Koala
» No product line features yet
© Note similarities to Darwin,
XxADL 2.0
* xADL 2.0 Archipelago Game
visualization is derived و
from Koala ١
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صفحه 30:
مت
Lunar Lander PL
Us
» Switch construct oe
routes calls to one
of two potential eee
data stores 0 =
© ‘Diversity interface’ 3
lets game logic |
4 M ١4
component select Tatestore
callee from
external config
component roatastore “مي
© Same |DataStore eMac Relational
interface ensures Data Store Data Store
call compatibility
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مت
Software Defined Radios
Software-Defined 1
Radio Board General-Purpose
Processor(s)
5
i Aalog'o ti
z ۳ evetom
ممجم. ما سم سوه Components
Sianal
Processing |e“
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وم
عون ۹
Analog Converter nae
Components bt (input Davies)
® Variation points in radio configuration, board
configuration, software configuration
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صفحه 32:
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© Two-node “SCARI” SDR with just device drivers
loaded 22
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© Same radio with one waveform deployed
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SDRs in xADL 2.0
© By applying product line techniques to SDRs
* Can manage different configurations of the radio
* Deploying components on alternative hosts
* Deployments with
* No waveforms
* One waveform
۶ Different combinations of waveforms
Can show radio in different states as radio starts
up or transitions from one waveform to another