صفحه 1:
صفحه 2:
Examination Issues in عد
rN Natural Products
Brenda Brumback
SPE Art Unit 1654
=
صفحه 3:
Greece Middle East
India
صفحه 4:
Europe
In the beginning of the 18" century, Swedish
Botonist Carl Linnaeus developed the Latin
Botanical Classification system.
* Kingdom
* Phylum
* Class
* Order
* Family
* Genus
* Species
صفحه 5:
Vf
EK United States
Native Americans
passed along
medicinal knowlediit
of indigenous
plants to the early MMi
للا
۸0۲۱02 0
EA ES
صفحه 6:
Herbal Medicines in U.S.
Patents
424/725-779:
Plant material or plant extract of
undetermined constitution as active
ingredient (e.g., herbal remedy, herbal
extract, powder, oil, etc.).
514/783:
° Plant extract or plant material of
undetermined constitution.
صفحه 7:
Prosecution of Plant
Extract (Herbal)
كحته توح خلويو سس
Restriction:
A Markush group of plant extracts recited
in a claim should be limited to extracts
derived from plants of the same
botanical family or genus.
Claims that alternatively recite a large
number of extracts derived from plants
that have little in common are likely to
be subject to a restriction requirement.
صفحه 8:
Idiomatic Language
*“Ginmei” (golden stripes on green-culm or
stalk)
*“Invigorates Qi”
*“Expels heat from heart”
صفحه 9:
2 Claim Language
The correct botanical name
(Latin Botanical) is written
in italics with the genus
name capitalized, and the
species name all in lower
case.
صفحه 10:
Botanical
Nomenclature
* Harpagophytum procumbens, also known as
devil’s claw, grapple plant
creosote bush, greasewoo}
مه
neem and also known as n :
ume ta
* Larrea divaricata, also known as ne
* Azadirachta indica, commonly known as
7
صفحه 11:
۱ Products of Nature are not
Patentable under
iN 35 U.S.C. 101
SSS
A composition comprising
phytoc”
صفحه 12:
An Enabling Disclosure
* It is important to sufficiently describe
how to make and use the claimed
extract or material.
* The part/parts of the plant used
* The plant name/names
* The type/types of solvent used
+ Extraction temperature and pH
* Material used fresh or dried and/or chopped or
powdered
* Separation/fractionation/recovery/isolation steps
صفحه 13:
The particular part of the plant
from which the extract is
obtained is often essential.
fe
Roots/rhizome/bulb: asparagus, beet, garlic, ginseng,
Narcissus, Polygonatum
Leaves: aloe, Barosma, Betula, Camellia, Cassia,
Ginkgo, Prunus Jaurocerasus
Bark: Canella, poplar, Prunus serotina, Quercus robur
Flower: Artemisia, Arum, Prunus spinosa
Fruit: Barberry, Vaccinium, Sorbus, Pyrus, Rhamnus
7
صفحه 14:
Drafting Claims to a عد
TN Plant Extract
° Product-By-Process Claims
Herbal extracts are prepared with:
* Water
* Polar solvents
* Non-polar solvents
* Acids
* Bases
صفحه 15:
Examples of preferred
claim language
RS
٠ An alcoholic extract of Narcissus bulb.
» An aqueous extract of a Palma fruit.
° A hot water extract obtained from the dried
leaves of Nepeta cataria.
* An extract from chopped fresh roots of
Harpagophytum procumbens, whereby the
extract is obtained using a non-polar solvent.
صفحه 16:
Anticipation under
35 U.S.C. 102
Webster’s dictionary defines ‘extract’
as follows:
1a: to draw forth (as by research) <extract data> b : to
pull or take out forcibly <extracted a wisdom tooth> c:
to obtain by much effort from someone unwilling
<extracted a confession> 2 : to withdraw (as a juice or
fraction) by physical or chemical process; a/so: to treat
with a solvent so as to remove a soluble substance 3 : to
separate (a metal) from an ore 4: to determine (a
mathematical root) by calculation 5 : to select (excerpts)
and copy out or cite.
صفحه 17:
Plant Extracts are عد
Ubiquitous \7
* An extract of Coffea arabica:
Coffee
*An extract of Camillia sinensis:
Tea
*An extract of broccoli: Soup
*An extract of orange: Orange juice
صفحه 18:
Obviousness under
35 U.S.C. 103
As set forth in In re Kerkhoven, 626 F.2d
846, 850, 205 U.S.P.Q. 1069 (CCPA
1980), “It is prima facie obvious to
combine two compositions each of which
is taught by the prior art to be useful for
the same purpose, in order to form a third
composition which is to be used for the
very same purpose...the idea of combining
them flows logically from their having
been individually taught in the prior art”.
صفحه 19:
Searching the Prior Art
* Arbre aux quarante ecus (forty coin tree)
+ eun-haeng (fossil tree)
+ ginan
+ Icho
موز«
+ kew tree
+ maidenhair tree
موسوم«
٠ Pterophyllus salisburiensis Nelson
« Salisburia adiantifolia Smith
+ Salisburia macrophylla C. Koch
+ temple balm
+ tempeltrae
« yin guo
+ yinhsing
+ olium ginkgo
+ Ginkgo folium ... gin-nan
+ ginkgoblatter
* ginkgo balm
‘Ginkgo biloba
صفحه 20:
Useful Databases for عد
YN Searching Herbals
» Chinese Traditional Medicine
» PROMT on STN
» NAPRALERT on STN