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طبايع ay
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a ©
By Natalie Liggett
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Problem
TheproblemI haveidentifiedis that
EarlyIntervention Specialists seek
evidence-basedandnaturalistic
intervention methods toencourage
familyinvolvement in their child's
acquisition of developmental skills.
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SoCution
The solution] proposeis touseaninfant
massageprogramasanintervention
strategy for families of young children from
birthtothe age of three withspecial needsin
their own homesasawaytoteachparent
responsivity to their child's cues,facilitate
positive developmentalandhealth
outcomes, andencourage positive
attachment patterns.
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ExpectedOutcomes of
Infant Massage Program
* Teachparent
responsivity to
infant's cues
Contribute topositive
healthoutcomes
Contribute toinfant
developmental skill
acquisition
Encourage positive
parent-infant
attachment patterns
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Philosophy
Pragmatic: within the
context of thefamily
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Psychology
Ethological: Emphasizes the
child's experiencesand
interactions within his
environment
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Attachment Theory \
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۱ exploring
The Strange Situation
(Ainsworth)
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Hudson (Huck) enjoys
Infant massage
fittp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2wIgRI yPeokfeature=related
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\
Research
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Infant massage hasanimpact
onattachment if continued
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Infant massage has been used
as therapeuticmethodby
hospital staff,
occupational and physical
therapists
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7716 [0۷5 5۵۹
Infant Massage
Numerous studies have found that massage
playsa significant rolein promoting the
proper growthandhealthy development of
Tfant, Poysically, massagestimadates
the nerves increases bloodflowand
strengthens theimmunesystem.It can
relievea host of childhoodcomplaints from
colictoconstipation. Adaily rubdownon
a baby's belCy,for example, helpsworkout
gasandregulatesdigestion. Massaging
the chest may easecongestion. Gently
عااء بده مهدا اجمء عع 5 711ه ]ارا اكه |
4 كاء وهدكمة ability to suck. Most of all,
forparent-childbonding.
www .parenthood.com
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TouchResearchinstitute
Researchers at the Touch ResearchInstitute Cocatedat the University of
Miami School of Medicine, have conductedmore than 700 trialson
the benefits ofmassage therapy. The following isa sampling of the
resultspertaining toworkwithinfants children and their
parents. (For more results, visitwww6.miami.edu/touch-research.)
Touch ResearchInstitute
‘University of Miami School of Medicine
.0. Box 016820, Miami Fl, 33707
(Locatedat Mailman Center for Child Development 1607 NW 72th
Ave, Miami FL, 33736,7th Floor, Suite7037)
Phon 0 5 - 243-6784
Fax: 305-243-6488
iC: tfield@med.miami.edu
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TouchResearchInstitute
‘The Touch ResearchInstitute The Touch ResearchInstituteis dedicated to
studying the effects of touch therapy.
‘The TRI has researched the effects of massage therapy at all stages of Cife,from
newborns tosenior citizens.
In these studies the TRIs have shown that touch therapy hasmany positive
effects.
For example, massage therapy:
7. Facilitates weight gaininpreterminfants
2.Enhancesattentiveness
3. AlCeviates depressive symptoms
4. Reduces pain
5.'Reduces stress hormones
6.Improvesimmune function
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70 Trials
That Highlight
How Massage
Benefits Children
fittp:/ /www.babysfirstmassage.com/User Mods/babymassage.pdf
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Infants of
Depressed Mothers
Infantswho received'massage therapy comparedtothosewhowere
rockedexperienced greater daily weight gain:moreorganized
sCeep/wake behaviors: Cess fussiness!improvedsociabilityand
Soothability:improvedinteraction behaviors: andlower cortisol
andnorepinephrineandincreased serotonin Cevels.
(FieldT,Grizzle ی of
depressedmothers.” Infant Behavior and Development. 1996:19,
109-114.)
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Cocaine ExposedInfants
Cocaine-exposednewbornshad
fewer postnatal complications,
increasedweight gain, better
performanceon the Braze(ton
‘Neonatal Behavior Assessment
Scale (particularly on themotor
scale),andless stress behaviors
following 10 daysof massage.
(Scafidi F, Field, Wheeden Act al.
Cocaine exposed pretermneonates
show behavioratandfiormonat
differences. Pediatrics. 1996:97,
851-855.)
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Cocaine ExposedInfants 2
Cocaine-exposedpreterm neonates whoweremassaged averaged 28
percent greater weight gain per day, showed significantly fewer
‘postnatal complicationsandstress behaviors,and demonstrated
morematuremotor behaviorson the Brazelton examination
(Wheeden A, Scafidi FA, FielET, et al. Massage effects on cocaine-
exposedpreterm neonates. Journal of Developmentaland
Behavioral Pediatrics. 1993:14,318-322.)
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Infant Attentiveness
Depressedmothersincreased
their infant's positive affect
andattentiveness by
providing touchstimulation.
(Pelaez-Nogueras M, Fiel LT,
Hossain Z, Pickens]. Depressed
mothers’ touching increases
infants’ positiveaffectand
attentioninstill-face
interactions. Child
Development. 1996:67,1780-
1792.)
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1( 00۲ ۵۹560/01۱ ۹
Teenage mothers who received massage therapy compared to those
who received relaxation therapy were less depressedandless anxious
Goth by their own report and basedon behavior observations.In
addition, their urinary cortisol Cevetswere lower and their
serotonin levels werehigher,indicating theywerelessstressedand
Cess depressed.
(Fiel&T, Grizzle N, Scafidi F, SchanbergS. Massageandre(axation
therapies’ effects on depressedadolescent mothers. Adolescence.
1996: 31,903-911.)
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Children with
Down Syndrome
InfantswithDown Syndrome improvedin muscle toneandin
performance on motor tasks following massage therapy.
(Hernandez-Reif M,lronsonG, Field T,et al. “Children withDown
Syndrome improvedin motor function andmuscle tone following
massagetherapy.” Journal of Early Intervention. 2006:176,395-
410.)
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FathersandInfants
Fatherswhogavetheirinfants
]۱ 15 minutes prior to
bedtime for onemonthshowedmore
optimaCinteraction behavior
withtheirinfant.
(Cullen C Field T,EscaCona A,
Hartshorn K. Father-infants
interactionsarveenhianced by
massage therapy. Early Child
Development and Care. 2000: 164,
44-47.)
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Infants Exposedto HIV
MTV-exposed newborns whoweregiven massage showed
increasedweight gainandimprovedperformanceon the
Braze(ton Newborn Scale (motor andstate scales).
(Scafidi F, Fiel LT. Massage therapy improves behaviorin
neonates born to HIV positive mothers. Journal of Pediatric
Psychology. 1997:21,889-897.)
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
Childrenwithimildtomoderatejuvenilerheumatoidarthritiswho
weremassagedby their parents 75minutesa day for 30days saw
their anxiety andcortisol Cevelsimmediately decrease. Over the
30-day period their pain also decreased, based on self-reports,
parent reportsandphysician’s reports.
(Fiel&T, Hernandez-Reif M, Seligman S,et al. Juvenile rheumatoid
arthritis: Benefits frommassage therapy. Journal of Pediatric
Psychology. 1997 :22,607-617.)
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Children with
Cerebral Palsy
Massage reduced spasticityand
increasedmuscle flexibility, motor
function andpositive social
imteractionsin children with,
cerebral patsy.
(Hernande2-Reif M, FieldT, Largie
Set al. Cerebral Patsy Symptoms
inchildren decreased following
massage therapy. Early Child
Development and Care. 2005:175,
445-456.)
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Infant Massage with
preterminfantsinthe NICU
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523000۲ او ماه
grower nurseryin NICU
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Containment
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Benefitsfor parentsand
primary caregiversinclude:
intimateparent-infant bondingand
+Providesalt of theessentialindicators
‘ovement andthermal regulation.
attachment :eye-to-eye, touch, voice smel
sncourages pre-verbal communication between caregiverandinfant
«felpsparents feel moreconfident anccompetent incaring for their children
« ietpsparentstocase their stressif theyareaworkingparentandmust Geseparatedfrom
ا ering thoaary ee pe
*Providesparentswithone-on-one quiet timeorinteractiveplay with their children,
*Createsa regular timeofintimacy between parent andefi,
smcreases parents self-esteem by reinforcingandenhancing their skil(sasparentsand
athe و۳ ۴ ۳
“Givesparents the toolsforunderstanding their child’sunique rhythimsandpatterns
“Teaches parents how toread their infants cues andrecognize their statesofawareness
sGivesparentsa special way tointeract with their children whomayBe hospitalized. Helps
parentsfeeta greater part
oftehealingprocess
«Dailymassage hefpsparentstounwindandretax
*Providesa positivewayfor fathers tointeract with their infants children,
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Benefitsfor infants, babiesand
childreninclude the following:
sPravidesa special timeef communication that fortersCovecompasionandrespect
ctmprovesgeneraf wall Seing
001
sImprevesoverallfunctioningofthegastrointestinaCtract
Promotes relaxation andl ps babies self regutatecatm which reakucserying
Steipstonormatizemutcletone
stmprovesciveatation
ما مساؤ ص ادوم ع مس مه مق
sImprevermidineorientation
dteipstaimprovesensoryandbodyawareness
Enhances neureogical development
آز ز ز ز 1 1 22111
«مااه زره موم سوت تلف ما مهال جم اجا تكجه جعووصه عم بمو اها مواق
dtelpstoimproveyainmanagementican relieve scomfort from teething
sstetpswith congestion gasandeatic
stmhances elenseofformonesin the body. Te growth formonecan bestimulatedwhichhelpsweight
۳
ماه cortisol thestresshormonesProvidesallfteessentiaCindicatorsofintimate
Daven infunt bondingunatiachment eto ty tourhvoncesmaiamavonent anather nal
Fegulation:
sstimufatesalf of hephysiofopica systems. Massage sparks theneuronsin their Brainstogrowand
و موم ere 7
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Infant massage classes
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Infant massage embeddedin
daily routine (after a bath)
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Reading Infant’s Cues
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Engagement
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Engagement:
Eyecontact
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Disengagement
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Early communication
skills:
asking permission
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Infant Massage
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Regulate sleep patterns
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Reducing crying
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Colic routine
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“1 ۶0۷ ۰۱۷0۹ ۵
2 ِ
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Infant Massage
۶ دوه Feet
* Tummy & Chest
* arms & Hands
° Back
* Head& Face
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( ۰۵
\
S_ Ae
-
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Feet \
la
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Tummy & Chest
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Hands & Fingers
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Stretching
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Stretching Exercises
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Infant massage Resources
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Evidence-Based Outcomes of
Infant Massage Program
Teachparent
responsivity to
infant's cues
Contribute topositive
healthoutcomes
Contribute toinfant
developmental skill
acquisition
Encourage positive
parent-infant
attachment patterns