Introduction to Cloud Computing
اسلاید 1: Introduction to Cloud ComputingCourse Module by David S PlattHarvard University Extension SchoolLectured by Nilanjan Banerjee
اسلاید 2: In the Beginning was the Mainframe and TerminalsUsers did individual work by connecting to central computer
اسلاید 3: Next came PCsUsers did individual work on their own desktops
اسلاید 4: Then the PCs Got Tied TogetherUsers could talk to each other’s PCs
اسلاید 5: Then came the WebUsers did individual work by connecting to web servers
اسلاید 6: Then the Web got bigServer had to become cluster of PCs
اسلاید 7: Then the Web got REALLY big, and really importantServer PCs had to live in expensive data centerMicrosoft Data Center in Dublin, 27,000 m2, 22 MW, US$ 500 M
اسلاید 8: Data CentersNeed lots of electric power (1.5% of all US electricity, EPA 2007)Long lead time to buildInflexible investment of capitalNeed specialized skills (security, failover, load balancing, etc.) Takes time away from core competenciesHard for all but largest companies to own/run
اسلاید 9: Solution: Outsource Data CenterCan reap economies of scaleBecause of scale, can afford specialized skillsWeb developers can concentrate on their core competencies that give them market advantageShorter lead timesLower capital requirementsComputing power becomes a commodity, as did electric power in early 20th century
اسلاید 10: See The Big Switch: Rewiring the World, from Edison to Google , by Nicholas Carr, Norton, 2008, from which this chart is takenSimilar to Electrification in Early 20th Century
اسلاید 11: Types of CloudsPrivate(On-Premise)StorageServer HWNetworkingServersDatabasesVirtualizationRuntimesApplicationsSecurity & IntegrationYou manageInfrastructure(as a Service)StorageServer HWNetworkingServersDatabasesVirtualizationRuntimesApplicationsSecurity & IntegrationManaged by vendorYou manageYou managePlatform(as a Service)StorageServer HWNetworkingServersDatabasesVirtualizationRuntimesApplicationsSecurity & IntegrationManaged by vendorSoftware(as a Service)StorageServer HWNetworkingServersDatabasesVirtualizationRuntimesApplicationsSecurity & IntegrationManaged by vendor
اسلاید 12: Current Cloud Platforms
اسلاید 13: Amazon Web Services
اسلاید 14: Amazon Web Services
اسلاید 15: Amazon Web ServicesLaunched in 2002Run by Amazon.comProgrammed in many languages, including Java, Python, Ruby, and .NETEvolved from basic computing to add commerce-based services, such as payment and fulfillment
اسلاید 16: Google App Engine
اسلاید 17: Google App EngineReleased in 2008Primary languages are Python and JavaCurrently provides basic computing and storage; a few more simple things. Can’t imagine that won’t increase and evolve.
اسلاید 18: Microsoft Azure
اسلاید 19: Microsoft AzureLaunched in 2009Program in .NETProvides computation and storage servicesAllows access to underlying cloud system (“fabric”) for sophisticated tweakingI expect to see additional business services as well, perhaps provided by third parties
اسلاید 20: Workload Patterns Optimal For Cloud
اسلاید 21: On and OffInactivityPeriod On &off workloads (e.g. batch job)Example: scientists running modeling software for new drugInstalled capacity is wasted when not being used, but:Users twiddle thumbs expensively while waiting for jobs to finish
اسلاید 22: Growing FastSuccessful services need to grow and scaleExample: new Internet game that catches onDeployment and scaling lags can stunt growth at key critical moment. See “Pogue effect” on Line2 iPhone appNeed capital for software development or marketing instead of building data center
اسلاید 23: Predictable BurstingMany services have seasonality trends, either macro (FTD Florists and Valentine’s Day) or micro (Domino’s Pizza on Super Bowl Sunday), or any restaurant at peak meal hours.Installed capacity is wasted when not being used, but lack of sufficient capacity at key moment could kill business
اسلاید 24: Unpredictable BurstingUnexpected/unplanned peak in demandExtreme example: CNN.com on 9/11/01Less extreme example: Weather.com as a big storm moves inCan’t afford to provision for extreme case, but failure to handle it well can kill a brandTake care: if you depend on handling bursts for your company’s life, be very careful about service level agreement
اسلاید 25: Potential Snags or Platt’s Second Law: The Amount of Crap in the Universe is Conserved
اسلاید 26: What If Cloud Dies ?The cloud probably has better availability than you could do on your own. However:Consider retaining as much in-house capacity as you need to stay alive and muddle throughExample: hospital or police department, which get electricity from grid for normal operations but keep backup generator for vital functions in case of outage.
اسلاید 27: Ultra-Sensitive DataSome core, vital data you just can’t trust to anyone else. Example: Fidelity account contents, US Department of Defense submarine locations. Can’t use external cloud, but might consider internal cloud appliances, with safeguards.These companies often have much larger stores of data with lower security requirements for which cloud could be highly appropriate. Example: Fidelity fund prospecti and reports, US DoD purchases of coffee and underwear.
اسلاید 28: LegalSometimes law requires that certain data be stored in specific countries or locations (EU).Sometimes you want data stored in specific locations to avoid any possible uncertainties in jurisdiction (MS HealthVault in Canada).Technology changing faster than law can keep up. More than a little bit tricky. Cloud could hurt (hosting not available in required jurisdiction) or help (quick switch of hosting into newly required jurisdiction).
اسلاید 29: Availability of Cloud ResourcesHow sure are you that your cloud provider will have enough cloud resources available when you want to scale up, particularly in burst situations? How badly would it hurt your business if you wanted to scale up but couldn’t?What remedies are available from cloud provider if you cannot scale at the time you want, to the degree that you want? (See service level agreement with provider.)Amazon has interesting spot market for computational resources.
اسلاید 30: Demo Hello, Cloud Applicatio
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