Network + Course

صفحه 1:
Welcome to Network+ Course 

صفحه 2:
att Certification? / ۱ 5 / 1 . »” ا بي ا ا جد ج02 0016 مدو 4 

صفحه 3:
a ‏اك‎ 1a ) ‏,يمت‎ 1 cone, 1 eC ene eC emer , ODicrosvht ‏نكن‎ م 0ك 2 ا 

صفحه 4:
-WNetwork+ / ‎A CRU ame 1‏ رف ‎Fei hone 7‏ م0 اس ۱ ‎ee ee Be aed A‏ م اه مت سس مت یط ای ‎es, Be ee‏ ‎TP you ove otc wots of‏ مس هط ماو ل و ‎oe se a a a ae‏ تس طسو مس مت ‎Ol ao‏ ل كا اي ‎Ce eae ee ee‏ سا 

صفحه 5:
Main-Goals for this ‏ا‎ ‏0ل‎ 00 Cy ۱ Ore a eee, ene ‏عايج‎ ‎ita A EAST 0 ‏ا‎ BeBe Rear nt ara ica Ne Oa NN UU CN aa aN Oc Tira ae Fe ARTA cad 

صفحه 6:
تس تست 

صفحه 7:
What.isa Computer Network ?, CM meee ‏جاعتحوصمه‎ 5 0 ad A Se Rees ae ected 4 eee a Wren eet reed ee ek eae One a 0 oa Ne Se ee Cee 

صفحه 8:
Networkiag Concepts.and Components ( 00 ) وه با سوق 6 Kee KON ( Ore te) للد ‎(nv ot)‏ CA No ered 1 ‏و‎ 

صفحه 9:
Network Types ( 1 ) / \ , ٌ 6۱0 ‏مه سا‎ 0 4 ۱ Pee Ree ‏لل‎ ee oe ae Se ae RC ed See eed en eke ee Sn et OBO ( Ode rea Detwork ) ORM ON ‏ل ل‎ Coe ceo Poca 

صفحه 10:
1 ا الاك | ‎ek a‏ 1 1 ‎ae‏ سر ی و 

صفحه 11:
SSD ol a) ‎Topobes | / ۷‏ تا - 4 0 - 6 کت ‎۱ wesk Os. Partcl wvesk) 

صفحه 12:
Bus Topology 

صفحه 13:
Star Topology Hub 

صفحه 14:
Ring Topology 

صفحه 15:
Mesh Topology 

صفحه 16:
Network Types ( 3 ) ۲ ‏يي تا‎ 0020 0 ‏ا‎ Ua) CoRR Oc a ‏ل‎ ]ككان وجو 0) 2۳0 

صفحه 17:
Centralized ‏كه‎ ا ی انا ‎‘i‏ ‎cad‏ 0[ 1[ ز[1[ 1[ |[ ‎bene eee‏ رت ‎us toput/output devices‏ 000 ‎CO Ne aoa has Ad oc eee ae ‏مسرت‎ 

صفحه 18:
9 Computing ‎tn ne‏ ل ‏الل ا 00 ‎00 ane oe ea eee ea ca oa) Sat ore A AR aS oe ee Road 

صفحه 19:
‎Computing‏ از ‎OPN crore PRE ok / / ١ ‏م ‎1۱ atnee demain asc aan ad ‎۱ RS an CR oe cen od See 

صفحه 20:
Network 002 © yap ‏ها‎ Oe a Oran re a eR eka 7 1 

صفحه 21:
Network Types (5 ) / ret ۷ ۱ تسه فصن 8 0071 ا ‎aR]‏ اا ‏ا ال 

صفحه 22:
Circuit Switching وی و ‎le‏ ‎od‏ ات مهم سای تصش ها ‎Raa‏ لك ‎ast a cal‏ فنا ‎cal‏ ‎ 

صفحه 23:
Packet Switching ل ‎CRO‏ ‏اس | 1 DRO rein eee Re) ©) Oses wesenes tho or dll the a oe ad cae oe ‏(صعاعمم‎ ,9 ,196 عا رم له 6 بسا سا 1098 ,946 

صفحه 24:
/ eo aS نی شتا ‎een‏ - 9 

صفحه 25:
a a ا 14 ۱ ۲ لا اف ‎Ca a‏ سمش سس 

صفحه 26:


صفحه 27:
‎Terminology ay,‏ یی زر ‎CC Ome 000‏ ‎۲ ‏ا‎ A 1102 ‏0 نا ‎Oe een aes atta chao te ae ‏جما‎ ‎ene pam | oe) Bad ‏ا ل ل ل نا كا ‎ 

صفحه 28:
‎Terminology 5:‏ هت ‎/ \ ‏۱ و تفن ‎eR‏ 1 1 يي ‎OE‏ ‏لماعب 8) 91 ‎1 ‎ 

صفحه 29:
Network Terminology 7 \ / 6 و ۲ ool) | eee Oe ‏ا‎ Red Ce tee) @ Ope 6 ‏ون‎ 

صفحه 30:
0۳ \ Network Terminology 00 لعل “00 ‎Cees‏ ‎SN eat ae aU‏ 

صفحه 31:
/ 2 3 4 7 / ی / 0100555 ا ‎Me iend‏ ات وب انكام ليت ‎Network‏ 

صفحه 32:


صفحه 33:
~Coaxial Cable Phic-wet (IDBOGECS) Thick-ct (IDBOBGES) 0 ۳ 9 ee ype Cocarvior 

صفحه 34:
1 / _Twisted Pair Cable / ‎ved RAC)‏ الك ‎OPP BOT‏ ‎Oe aad 1 ‏و‎ ‎۱9 aed ‎۱ ‎ 

صفحه 35:
0 cable 7 a Sp aaa a es a 

صفحه 36:
3 oe ۱-۹ ae fr 

صفحه 37:
ST (Straight Tip) Connector 

صفحه 38:
SC Connector 

صفحه 39:
Fiberoptic connectors SmallForm Factor Gonnectors ‎LC‏ لكا 

صفحه 40:
, ۳۱06۵0 ۵ SmaltForm Factor 0 mall Size ۱ مصو صا و‌صماه ۲۵ 2۳0 117 ‎connector‏ Easy to use Ge aie ee ee a 

صفحه 41:
010۵۴8 606۲۵600۳6۵۵۲5, ۸ 7 الل ل OCA ol eae ae Seek een ere oC Rue a OO, COO, FOO Obps (OOO Ose a) 

صفحه 42:
00۱۵۴۲6606۲۵1 600۳6۵0۵۲5, / 00ل كن ۱۱ ‏ل الل ا‎ acres Cad Ue RCC ae Ce ‏اس‎ ‎(8089 ‏.عطما‎ 

صفحه 43:
sq ¢-Attributes of 1 Cables 

صفحه 44:
LAN Standards ۱ \ ۷ / (س) ثم 9 ان 1-جلت 2000 41 )ج58 00005 © ا 

صفحه 45:
7 LOBASE-2 (Thinnet) 1 ا @ امود“ ما بوه © - ‎Bar ead‏ 6) Disadvantages? - Retubilipy BAC MA Meee rid 

صفحه 46:
/ 10BASE-5 (Thicknet) / \ @ ‏سم‎ ‎- aa NL - ‏حا بجورا‎ 6 ‏جوم ممرلمه()‎ Baal BAC MA Mee rid 

صفحه 47:
*10BASE-T @ ‏مه‎ / ١١ ‏ل‎ as! ١ - Coble expeuse Ie aN Ne anor canica cd TUE On ral ۲۰۹ Sa Be cd 

صفحه 48:


صفحه 49:
BJx45 Connectors Colors Order: ‏وت‎ Re ac ٠١ ‏صن‎ ‎CC ‏لته بو ل‎ eee ۲ (0 ‏ور[‎ -White/Green SC a aD aoa ae -Blue/White ‏ترس تلبت‎ 1 -Green/White 9۰۱۱۱۵۵ Eo VANE 

صفحه 50:
LANs 6 160۵0۵۵6 eet tame tee ‏را‎ eet ۱۳۹۹ NS cae 6 1000۵00۵0۵۴۳ Stee RCC Cady (CTC Od Moa 

صفحه 51:
Network Devices(1) @01Cs 6 ‏حور‎ ‎0 ‎0 ‎@LOO Switches ‏م۳‎ ‎6 ‏مه‎ ‎@ Ovdews @ Cotewws 

صفحه 52:
GOW Nps ‏كن‎ ‎@ 55 ]9 ‏مهس‎ ‎۳ ‏الك‎ ‎-1RQ ‏سای‎ aad BOC Te) مه 6 

صفحه 53:
Network Devices(2) 6 ‏عصل۵۶‎ ‎۳ 9 6) ‏دا" بر‎ (LOO Gwitckes) ee RO a mat ccd ‏اله‎ acral 

صفحه 54:


صفحه 55:
Microsoft Windows NT / 921 4 (Ones ae ‏قاف‎ A reer © Peer Os. Conf te Orioles @ Oledts (06-006, OmOk, OnOx, ODT, Cpe Duvritosk, OG/C, OO1K), @ Oireviory Sernvive (00, 000, Trt) + Giacte Dewata Dodel BRO Oa RO a BON Orato] - Coxoplte Dewwaia Dodet 

صفحه 56:
Novell NetWare a@ a @ be (CROC M OSS RO SPC OU CEs Oar ee at o@le) a Oireviory Gernice (CNN ala MOOG) OCA ea nl ae a CO Ce 1 4 

صفحه 57:
1۹ UNIX ‎NG‏ ملسم ‎@ Directory Genice ‎Okc nce - Cpmertorbused (DGG) 00 ee GAL CM ec ae 

صفحه 58:
OSlRéference Model سح ان ۵ ا راك ‎CN acid‏ لف ‎Ok‏ .@ ‎No ace‏ بو ود ‎cee‏ ‏مت 

صفحه 59:
‎6405١ Model‏ 01طععلاقا ‎Clee are ==£=9\qer ? Nanna rat ۳ ‏عديثورا‎ © 6 ‏نیو‎ ‎Ceca) ‏لكلا ‎@ Data ‏كلمانا‎ ‎ ‎EKG aac 

صفحه 60:
‎6405١ Model‏ 01طععلاقا ‎Clee are ==£=9\qer ? Nanna rat ۳ ‏عديثورا‎ © 6 ‏نیو‎ ‎Ceca) ‏لكلا ‎@ Data ‏كلمانا‎ ‎ ‎EKG aac 

صفحه 61:
How data travels through the layers of the OSI model Macintosh Pear Communication 1 اقا 1 Network Medium 

صفحه 62:
@SI Concepts CUS ccna 6۳ ‏ا‎ ‎6 ‏تج مرول‎ can] 6 ‏مس رورا‎ 6 ‏زرد رورا‎ ccd 

صفحه 63:
Physical Layer / 4 مه 6 @.Physicd Topo SAC One enced © Over aecOURE1 جعصارج (]) !© 

صفحه 64:
/ 1 Data Link\Layer 4 ۱ A @ pric Topol) ‏#س 1 رل و9‎ 4 000 ‏ورراق‎ ‎۹ OTe et Oe ee 

صفحه 65:
Mee >> meth 7 ۱ ١ 9 ۳0۹0 * ‏مس‎ ‎BOC ec) Se mara 2 ee a ae 

صفحه 66:
_802 Project \ 0 09. ۹۱۵۵۵ ‏هه‎ ‎052 ‎CONC keNneRC سس 

صفحه 67:
ee / OM > iia ۱6۳/۳ ‏ری‎ raed 

صفحه 68:
Net we + ie ۳ a a a ae 

صفحه 69:
IP Routing Concepts ۱ \ / CC ok ace ta / ۷ 5 1 ‏بو‎ 5 ١ 6 1 econ له رش 6 ‎RUG‏ كل ‎©) Classless Routing ‎۲ ARCA uhm accel ‎6 6 0 mat 

صفحه 70:
ubnetting 

صفحه 71:
شا وی we FT, ‏م۱‎ ‎eer)‏ سگرن امن کی ‎1GRE‏ ‎E1IGRE ‏تا( ‎"0 ‎ ‎ ‎ 

صفحه 72:
aia ta / ‎ID xt kop /‏ 1 ل ‎Ord ١‏ !۱۳/۲۲ جك (1) ‎1 / ‎ee gS eS oe 

صفحه 73:
Network ۱۵۷6۲۵۵۴۵ ۲ Vo 57 Wost/Router Router ۳4 Pian Steves @ Qoutuble Os. wu ‏ام و‎ 

صفحه 74:
TCP/IP Protocol ‏تن‎ ‎be oe ۳ J كت ‎Sa‏ و بر 

صفحه 75:
افو 2۱2109 ]لت ]۱ 7. ۸ 

صفحه 76:
0 نت ۶ TANNA ra Pa cara / oe ۱ \ ی ‎TOP‏ eS ee Se a 

صفحه 77:
Transmission Control Protege] ۱6 / ۷ ‏و‎ ۱ ‏ی‎ Chae rd 0 ۱ ate cacr Rae Need aaa ro anced 

صفحه 78:
Ports and Sockets © 1005 RON are "4 Oe eee tr 55 2 (Reqistered ‏و‎ 0) 2505 ‎Ports( POUGS -‏ لا ‎SS)‏ ‎1 4 ‎@ Ports Os. Guovhets 

صفحه 79:
TCP/IP Applications ی 0 55 ۸۲ ‏ل افك‎ ‏لل‎ (Ovwsia Dawe Systew) ADEVE (Mra EDP) سب 6 @ POPS (Post OP Rice Prvtoonl) COOP (Grople Detwork Dacron) / 

صفحه 80:
TCP/IP Applications إل > ‎٩0 5‏ اا ا ل نك ل ‎ACEVE (Geowe PTC) /‏ ‎ORG ‏ل‎ Pile Gerive) ‏00202 لان 6لا ‎ANNO Deed ‏ا‎ ‎CO a(n ‏لي‎ te) ‎OTR erwork Dive Protvol) ‎AOOTE (Oetwork Dews ProcPer Protovnl) 

صفحه 81:
/ ۱ mee atass 2 10 3 : 0 ‏اا‎ / ‏نات‎ ۷ 9 reat od EO @) Detstat | 5٩ ‏سب‎ لاحك لام 

صفحه 82:
3 Sharing / ax (۳ Lec) 

صفحه 83:
99 1 / 9 Ai OE Uk rhe Dic bd OOS Gener 50100۵ 011,006 !© إصدت 105 © 

صفحه 84:
6 55عع» ۸ ‎hee‏ ‏سد 2 ‎y‏ رياف :4 يكيل ‎ISOO‏ ‏ات ما ‏۳۳0 0 1 41 ۳ 69/99 ورگ 995 

صفحه 85:
وت ولا داز ‎Hardware‏ / ۱ ۸ CT ee ae / ۷ ACO 

صفحه 86:
Remote Access & WAN , 61 alle / ۲/ PEDO (POTS) / 91۵00 ۱ ‏ایک(‎ 0 RO ceased BC ‏کر‎ 

صفحه 87:
Public Switched Telephone 2 aay 1 ۸ ONG fe ea eed ‏را‎ ‎© Ceara OPPive (CO) 

صفحه 88:
۳۲ ISDN ١ 1 | ie OR1 (CO+0) ENON (Sra \CE 0) Peak (nel Cole ZO)) 

صفحه 89:
۳ DSk ۱ ۹ ۸ 4 PA. Gv ae, 6 ‏را(‎ ‎POGL -LOGL ‏ار‎ OGL Oodew & Splitter ©/ 2805 ‏عد‎ 010 

صفحه 90:
—< Cable / ١ / 00 Cn earn a ee ee a 1 ۱ CTO Oe eon ee ٩ 0۵0 70 ۱ 

صفحه 91:
a" EN / mw APOC Ren ae) / sven OPE ۶ 4001 اک 

صفحه 92:
ا ‎ass‏ ۳ تك | اك الاك" ‎ee gS eS oe 

صفحه 93:
-<T Series ۱ ۱ 4 9۳: ‏و‎ ١ | ۵ ۳9: 690 ۶ 9٩۳9: ۳۶9 0 CN 2 Ceo Qe ae 

صفحه 94:
دم ١ ۲۸ 4 ی رواب ای ربا 05 dS Obs > OCC Obps 

صفحه 95:
Remote Access ‏ين‎ ۳ CA a nc ۸ ‎eam hp aac)‏ لا ‎nner ‎GPPVREC (Poict to Pvict Mucatiog Proivccl) 0 kG eet Cay a) ‎۹ 

صفحه 96:
Remote Connectivity ‎een‏ ا لان اا 0 ‎Support‏ ا ‎el rac!‏ ی 5300 ‎CLOP)‏ 0 ‎Orc ara ast‏ ‎Sr aa al Dc ea each Ore marae ean]‏ 

صفحه 97:
۳۳۳۳ OPO (Oirtct ee ‏مت‎ ‎/ 1 ۱ ا للا ‎Sere ira as eae‏ 7 ل ‎RO aN red od‏ ۱۹ 

Welcome to Network+ Course Why Certification? IT Development Universities ability Employers and employees needs Cisco CCIE Certificate Certification Companies Cisco ( CCNA, CCNP, CCIE, … ) Comptia (Network+, I-Net+, Server+, Linux+, Security+, e-Biz+, A+ ) Microsoft (MCP, MCSE, MCSD, ….) Redhat Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT). SUN Solaris Network+ CompTIA Network+ Certification The CompTIA Network+ certification is the worldwide standard for professionals with at least nine months of experience in network support or administration. A Network+ certification demonstrates your technical abilities in networking administration and support, and validates your knowledge of media and topologies, protocols and standards, network implementation, and network support. If you have nine months of network administration and support experience, Network+ is ideal for you. Network+ and Your Career Many corporations recommend or require the Network+ certification for their IT employees. Main Goals for this course A requisite for CCNA Course Passing the Network+ Exam and get the certification Representing a solid background of networking knowledge regarding Network+ standard course Computer Network Concepts What is a Computer Network ? Two or more computers connected together, having the ability to use shared resources on each other. Two computers that are connected with a Network Cable through their network cards are an example of a simple network. Networking Concepts and Components Something to share ( Data ) Physical Pathway ( Transmission medium ) Interfaces for communication ( Network Interface ) Rules of Communication ( Protocols ) Network Types ( 1 ) LAN ( Local Area Network ) A local area network (LAN) is a high-speed communications system that interconnects computers and peripherals that are located within a single office, a single building, or adjacent buildings WAN ( Wide Area Network ) A WAN (wide area network) is a geographically dispersed telecommunications Network. LAN & WAN LAN (Local Area Networks) -Limited geographical distance -High Speed -Local Connectivity WAN (Wide Area Networks) -Unlimited geographical area -Lower Bandwidth -InterConnectivity -Third Party Management Network Types ( 2 ) Network Topologies : 1 – Bus 2 – Star 3 – Ring 4 – Mesh (Full mesh Vs. Partial mesh) Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Mesh Topology Network Types ( 3 ) Models of Network Computing : 1 – Centralized Computing 2 – Distributed Computing 3 – Collaborative Computing Centralized Computing All processing takes place in the central mainframe computer Terminals are connected to the central computer and function only as input/output devices Terminals connect only to the mainframe, never to each other. Distributed Computing Multiple computers are capable of operating independently. Tasks are completed locally on various computers Networks enable the computers to exchange data and services but do not provide processing assistance Collaborative Computing Multiple computers cooperating to perform a task A network that enables the computers to exchange data and services Software designed to take advantage of the collaborative environment Network Types ( 4 ) Network Models : Peer to Peer A group of PCs that basically operates as equals. Each PC is called a peer . Server-based Consists of a group of PCs ( called clients ) that request and receive network services form specialized computers called servers. Network Types ( 5 ) Transmission Methods : Circuit switching Dedicated path is created between two nodes Packet switching Message is broken into small packets Circuit Switching 1. A circuit is established, an end-toend connection must exist to transfer data 2. The actual data transfer 3. After data transmitted, connection is terminated Packet Switching Message is broken into small packets. Allows interactive exchanges because of small packets. Combination of message and circuit switching Uses messages that are all the same length (called packets) Packets may be 128, 256, 512, or 1024 bits long Network Terminology (1) Host Client Server Workstation Peer PC Network Terminology (2) Backbone A part of a network that all segments and servers connect. (Gigabit Ethernet, FDDI, Thicknet) Segment Any short section of the network that is connected to the backbone Network Terminology (3) Half-duplex A bi-directional communication but only one direction at a time, such as walkietalkie Full-duplex Allows communications in both directions simultaneously. Network Terminology (4) Broadband Vs. Narrowband Broadband refers to speed in excess of T1/E1 rates Broadband Vs. Baseband With baseband the whole bandwidth of the cable is used for each signal (channel), but in broadband the bandwidth is divided into descrete bands Network Terminology (5) Broadband -Allow Multiple communication methods to share a common media. Baseband -Use single communication method. Network Terminology (6) Bit -bps (bits per second) -Kbps (Kilo bits per second) -Mbps (Mega bits per second) -Gbps (Giga bits per second) Byte Octet Network Terminology (7) Speed Bandwidth Baud Rate Through put Network Terminology (7) Reliability Availability Redundancy Fault Tolerance Common Network Medias Coaxial Twisted Pair Fiber Optic Coaxial Cable Thin-net (10BASE2) Thick-net (10BASE5) BNC T-Connector F-type Connector Twisted Pair Cable RJ Connectors (Rj-45 and Rj-11) UTP & STP Cross talk reduction Industry standard Categorized standards Cat1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5e, 6, 7 Fiber optic cable Single-mode vs. multi-mode Higher speeds Longer distances More expensive equipments Fiber optic connectors Straight tip (AT&T) Subscriber connector Small form factor connectors -MT-RJ -LC Fiber optic connectors ST (Straight Tip) Connector Fiber optic connectors SC Connector Fiber optic connectors Small Form Factor Connectors MT-RJ LC Fiber optic connectors Small Form Factor Connectors Small Size TX and RX stands in one connector Easy to use Other general connectors Fire Wire connector (6 pin) Fire Wire connector (4 pin) IEEE 1394 or more commonly known as Fire Wire was developed by Apple. Runs at 100, 200, 400 Mbps (800 Mbps in 1394b standard) Other general connectors Universal Serial BUS Up to 16 USB ports on each motherboard could be exists Up to 172 USB devices could be connected to a device with the help of USB hubs. Basic Attributes of Cables Cost Usable Length Transmission Rate Flexibility EMI Unique Features Preferred Installation LAN Standards 10BASE-2 (Thinnet) 10BASE-5 (Thicknet) 10BASE-T 100BASE-TX 100BASE-VG-AnyLan 10BASE-2 (Thinnet) Advantages: - Easy to Install - Expense Disadvantages: - Reliability - Fault Tolerance 10BASE-5 (Thicknet) Advantages: - Easy to Install - Long life Disadvantages: - Industry support - Fault Tolerance 10BASE-T Advantages: - Industry Standard - Cable expense - Installation Expense - Communication Support Disadvantages: - EMI - Distance Fiber Optic LANs Advantages: - Capacity - Reliability - EMI - Distance Disadvantages: - Installation Cost - Cable Cost - Equipment Cost RJ-45 Connectors Colors Order: Removing Sheath Separate and set colors Snip the ends of wires Slide the wires into RJ-45 User the Crimping tool -White/Orange -Orange/White -White/Green -Blue/White -White/Blue -Green/White -White/Brown -Brown/White LANs 100BASE-AnyLan: - Lower Cost Hubs - Supports Token Ring frames - Deterministic 100BASE-TX: - Using current 10BASE-T Structure - Most Common Technology Network Devices(1) NICs Hubs Repeaters Bridges LAN Switches Routers Transceivers Modems Gateways NICs NIC Types NIC Installation NIC Configurations -Jumpers & DIP Switches -IRQ -Port Address -DMA Channel Diagnostic Network Devices(2) Bridges -Transparent Bridge -Source Route Bridge Switching Hubs (LAN Switches) -802 Specifications .2 .3 .5 -MAC Addresses Major Operating Systems Microsoft Windows NT (2000) Novel Netware Unix (Linux) Microsoft Windows NT Types (Workstation, Server) Peer 2 Peer Vs. Server-based Networking Clients ( MS-DOS, Win3x, Win9x, WinNT, Apple Macintosh, OS/2, UNIX) Directory Service (PDC, BDC, Trusts) - Single Domain Model - Master Domain Model - Multiple Domain Model - Complete Domain Model Novell NetWare A Centralized Operating System Clients (MS-DOS, Win3x, Win9x, WinNT, Apple Macintosh, OS/2) Directory Service (Bindery, NDS) NDS: Hierarchical, tree fashion (Object Database, Relationship Management, Authorization ) UNIX The Granddad OS Directory Service Access Methods: - Connection-based (NFS) - Session-based ( FTP, Telnet, …) OSI Reference Model OSI is The STANDARD of Standards Why OSI Modem is needed. -Modularity -Flexibility -Interoperability Layers of the OSI Model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical ==== Layer 7 ==== Layer 6 ==== Layer 5 ==== Layer 4 ==== Layer 3 ==== Layer 2 ==== Layer 1 Layers of the OSI Model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical ==== Layer 7 ==== Layer 6 ==== Layer 5 ==== Layer 4 ==== Layer 3 ==== Layer 2 ==== Layer 1 OSI Concepts Encapsulation PDUs Peer connectivity up/down transaction Layer concepts Layer devices Physical Layer Cabling Physical Topology Signals/Modulations Noise EMI/RFI Devices Data Link Layer Logical Topology Hardware Addresses MAC & LLC Devices Media Access Methods Media access methods Contention -CSMA/CD Polling -CSMA/CA Token passing 802 Project IEEE 802.2 IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.5 IEEE 802.11 (page 102) LAN Switching Address Learning Filtering/Forwarding Loop Avoidance Network Layer Concepts Logical Network Addressing Routing IP Routing Concepts Routable Protocols IP Packets IP Addressing Routing Tables Classful Routing Classless Routing Routing Vs. Routed Protocols Static Vs. Dynamic routing (113) Subnetting CIDR Subnetting Supernetting Routing Static Created and Modified by Administrator Dynamic RIP (Routing Information Protocol) IGRP EIGRP OSPF BGP Routing Table Interfaces/Next hop Network IDs Metric Network Layer (Cont.) Host/Router Routing Table Layer 3 devies Routable Vs. non Routable protocls TCP/IP Protocol Suite Comparing to OSI Goals & Benefits IP TCP (149) (147) page (145) (145) IP Internet Protocol IP ICMP ARP RARP (149) Transport Layer Connectionless UDP Connection based TCP Transmission Control Protocol End to End connectivity Flow Control Acknowledgment Error detection Error Correction Retransmit of Lost/corrupted segments Ports and Sockets TCP & UDP Ports Well known ports (1- 1023) Registered Ports (1024 – 4915) Dynamic/Private Ports( 49152 – 65535) Ports Vs. Sockets (Page 161) TCP/IP Applications FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Telnet SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) DNS (Domain Name System) TFTP (Trivial FTP) Finger POP3 (Post Office Protocol) SNMP (Simple Network Management) TCP/IP Applications IMAP LDP (line Printer Daemon) SFTP (Secure FTP) NFS (Network File Service) SSH (Secure Shell) HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) HTTPS (HTTP Secure) NTP (Network Time Protocol) NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) TCP/IP Utilities IPConfig WinIPCFG Ping Trace route ARP Netstat NBTSTAT Telnet Nslookup WINS Internet Sharing Web Proxy NAT ICS IP Configuration IP Address Default Gateway DNS Server WINS DHCP IP Pool Remote Access & WAN Technologies PSTN (POTS) ISDN Frame Relay ATM FDDI T1/E1/J1 T3/E3/J3 OC-x X.25 Hardware Requirements Modems DCE/DTE Remote Access & WAN Technologies PSTN (POTS) ISDN Other Digital Connection Methods -DSL -Cable -Frame Relay –X.25 Public Switched Telephone Network POTS Local Loop Demarcation (demarc) Central Office (CO) ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network BRI (2B+D) PRI T1(23B+D) or E1(30B+D) DSL Digital Subscriber Line xDSL -ADSL -HDSL -SDSL DSL Modem & Splitter USB or NIC -VDSL Cable Data over Cable Service Interface Specification DOCSIS Cable Modem & Splitter USB or NIC Frame Relay Packet Switched Network PVC -64Kbps CIR BIR -128 Kbps -….. -1.544 Mbps Other Technologies T, E and J series Trunk Links TDM Vs. FDM T Series T1: T1c: T2: T3: T4: 1.544 Mbps 3.152 Mbps 6.312 Mbps 44.736 Mbps 274.176 Mpbs ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode High Speed Digital cell switching technology 53 bytes cells 1.5 Mbps  622 Mbps Remote Access Protocols SLIP (serial Line Internet Protocol) PPP (Point to Point Protocol) HDLC PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) RAS (Remote Access Service) RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) Remote Connectivity SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) PPP (Point to Point Protocol) -Multiple Protocol Support -Configuration Negotiation -Authentication (PAP & CHAP) -Compression -Error Detection/Correction PPTP VPN (Virtual Private Network) PPTP ( Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) -Remote client connectivity -Remote network connectivity -Remote Network diagnostics