Niacin - Vitamin B3

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Niacin - Vitamin B3 Creators: Audrea Nicole Franklin Natasha Tina-Michelle Cheatham Vitamins Home Page Vitamin B3- Index  Description Of Niacin  Structure of Niacin  Functions  Biochemical Reactions  Deficiency Information  Deficiency Photos  Sources  RDA Charts  Niacin Recipes  Quiz Vitamins Home Page Niacin Crystals Description of Niacin Niacin, (C5H4COOH) is a white crystalline acid, that is apart of the vitamin B complex. It is also referred to as Vitamin B3. It comes in two distinct forms: Nicotinic acid and Nicotinamide. Niacin under a microscope Index Structure of Niacin Niacin can be converted into two forms. Index Functions  Releases energy from food.  Enhances proper nervous functioning  Aids in lowering cholesterol  Involved in DNA replication and repair Index Biochemical Reactions  Oxidative Reduction Reactions  DNA replication and repair  Involved in the production of NAD  Required in the production of NADPH Index The synthesis of Tryptophan to Niacin is extremely slow and it requires vitamin B6; 60 mg of Tryptophan are required to make just one milligram of niacin. The 5-membered aromatic heterocycle of Tryptoohan is cleaved and rearranged with the alpha amino group of Tryptophan into the 6-membered aromatic heterocycle of Niacin Tryptophan Kynurenine 3-hydroxy kynurenine*--(B6 enzyme needed) Niacin (*) from this xanthurenic acid is formed Index What happens if you are deficient in Niacin?     Index The most common symptoms of niacin deficiency involve the skin, digestive system, and the nervous system. Skin- Thick , scaly, darkly pigmented rashes. Digestive system- Bright red tongue, vomiting, and diarrhea. Neurological symptomsHeadache, fatigue , depression and disorientation. Conditions that may increase your need for Niacin are:  Cancer  Diabetes  Stomach Ulcer  Fever  Diarrhea  Prolonged Stress The following material may not be suitable for those who have a weak stomach. All the information presented is true and the images are real. Viewer Discretion is advised Index Photos of patients with Niacin deficiency Index Good Sources Of Niacin  Chicken  Nuts  Fish  Whole  Leaf vegetables  Broccoli  Carrots  Tomatoes  Asparagus Index grains  Sweet potatoes  Mushrooms  Legumes RDA Charts Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Niacin Life Stage Infants Age Males (mg NE*/day) Females (mg NE/day) 0-6 months 2 (AI) 2 (AI) Infants 7-12 months 4 (AI) 4 (AI) Children 1-3 years 6 6 Children 4-8 years 8 8 Children 9-13 years 12 12 Adolescents 14-18 years 16 14 Adults 19 years and older 16 14 Pregnancy all ages - 18 Breastfeeding all ages 17 *NE, niacin equivalent: 1 mg NE = 60 mg of tryptophan = 1 mg niaci Index Food Serving Niacin (mg) Chicken (light meat) 3 ounces* (cooked without skin) 10.6 Turkey (light meat) 3 ounces (cooked without skin) 5.8 Beef (lean) 3 ounces (cooked) 3.1 Salmon 3 ounces (cooked) 8.5 Tuna (light, packed in water) 3 ounces 11.3 Bread (whole wheat) 1 slice 1.1 Cereal (unfortified 1 cup 5-7 *A 3-ounce )serving of meat is about the size of a deck of cards. Index Niacin Enriched Easy To Do Recipes Zesty Italian Chicken     1. 2. 3. Index 3 pounds cut-up broiler-fryer chicken ¼ cup mayonnaise or salad dressing ¼ cup zesty Italian dressing 1 teaspoon Italian seasoning Heat oven to 375 degrees F. Place chicken, skin side down, in ungreased pan 13x9x2 inches. Mix remaining ingredients. Brush half on mayonnaise mixture over Chicken Cover and bake for 30 min. Turn chicken; brush with remaining mayonnaise mixture. Bake uncovered about 30 minutes or until juice of chicken is no longer pink when centers of thickest pieces are cut. Crispy Oven Chicken      1. 2. Index ¼ cup ranch dressing ¾ cup crisp wheat cracker crumbs 1 tablespoon chopped fresh thyme leaves or 1 teaspoon dried thyme leaves 1 teaspoon paprika 4 boneless, skinless chicken breast halves (1 pound) Heat oven to 425 degrees. Spray rack of broiler pan or baking dish with cooking spray. Pour dressing into small bowl. Mix cracker crumbs, thyme, and paprika in another small bowl or plastic bag. Dip chicken into dressing, then with the crumb mixture. Place on rack in broiler pan. Bake uncovered 35 to 40 minutes or until golden brown and juice isn’t pink when centers of thickest pieces are cut. Chicken-Pasta Salad       1. 2. Index 1 2/3 cups uncooked rotini pasta (5 ounces) 1 package (6 oz.) frozen snow (Chinese) pea pods, thawed and drained 1/3 cup reduced-calorie mayonnaise or salad dressing ¼ cup fat-free French dressing 2 cups cut-up chicken or turkey 1 cup cherry tomato, cut in half Cook pasta as directed on package– except add pea pods for last 2 minutes of cooking; drain. Rinse with cold water; drain Mix mayonnaise and French dressing in large bowl. Add pasta, pea pods, chicken/turkey, and tomatoes; Toss Hot and Peppery Cocktail Shrimp 1 ½ pounds uncooked peeled deveined medium shrimp  4 medium green onions, chopped (1/4 cup)  2 teaspoons grated lime peel  ¼ cup lime juice  1 tablespoon reduced-sodium soy sauce  ¼ teaspoon pepper  1/8 teaspoon crushed red pepper  2 garlic cloves  2 teaspoons sesame oil 1. Mix all ingredients except oil in large glass or plastic bowl. Cover and refrigerate for 4 hours. 2. Heat oven to 400 degrees F. Spray rectangular pan, 13x9x2 inches, with cooking spray. Arrange shrimp in single layer in pan. 3. Bake 10 to 12 minutes or until shrimp are pink and firm. Drizzle with oil. Serve hot with toothpicks  Index Country Fried Steaks              Index 4 beef cubed steaks (about 1 pound) 3 tablespoons chili powder 2 teaspoons ground cumin 1-1/2 garlic powder ¾ teaspoon dried oregano ½ teaspoon ground red pepper 2 egg whites, well beaten 2 tablespoons milk ½ cup bread crumbs, unseasoned and dry 1 tablespoon cornmeal ¼ teaspoon salt ¼ teaspoon pepper 2 tablespoons vegetable oil 1. 2. 3. To make Spicy Seasoning Mix, combine chili powder, cumin, garlic powder, oregano and red pepper in a small bowl. Remove ½ teaspoon for use in coating. Store remainder in airtight container. Shake each time before using. Combine egg whites and milk in shallow dish. Combine bread crumbs, cornmeal, ½ seasoning mix, salt and pepper in second shallow dish. Dip steaks into egg white mixture and then into coating mixture to coat both sides. Heat oil in large nonstick skillet over medium to medium-high. Place steaks in skillet; cook, turning once, 5 to 6 minutes. America’s Favorite Pork Chops    1. 2. Index 4 Tyson Fresh Bone-in Thick Center Cut Lion Chops ¾ cup Italian dressing 1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce Place all ingredients in a resealable plastic bag; refrigerate for at least 20 minutes or as long as overnight. Remove chops from bag. Preheat grill to medium-high. Grill chops, turning once, about 8 to 15 minutes or until done (internal temp. 155 degrees F.) Quiz 1. What is another name for Niacin? a. Nicotinic Acid b. Nicotinamide c. Vitamin B3 d. Tryptophan Index Quiz 2. All of the following are functions of Niacin except? a. Yielding energy b. Lowering cholesterol c. Lowering blood glucose levels d. DNA repair and regulation Index Quiz 3. The late stage of severe Niacin deficiency that could ultimately be fatal is called? a. Hyperglycemia b. Disorientation c. Pellagra d. Hartnup’s Disease Index Quiz 4. What essential amino acid is used to make Niacin? a. Tryptophan b .Kynurenine . c. Xanthurenic Acid d. Metabolites Index Quiz What is the Most common symptom of Niacin deficiency? a. Bright red tongue b. Fatigue c. Vomiting d. Scaly skin Index Congratulations!!!! You have made it to the end!!! We hope that you have learned that Niacin is an essential vitamin that is needed for almost every metabolic function in the body. We hope that you have learned something new and will be able to share your knowledge with others. Thank you for using our website and come again!! Index Vitamins Home Page