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® Novel H1N1
(referred to as
“swine flu” early on)
is a new influenza
virus causing illness
in people.
© This new virus was
first detected in
people in the United
States in April 2009.
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This virus was
originally referred to
as “swine flu” because
laboratory testing
showed that many of
the genes in this new
virus were very ساسا
similar to influenza
viruses that normally ۰ +١١
occur in pigs (swine) 5 ان 51
in North America.
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But further study has shown that this new
virus is very different from what normally
circulates in North American pigs. It has
two genes from flu viruses that normally
circulate in pigs in Europe and Asia and
bird (avian) genes and human genes.
Scientists call this a "quadruple
reassortant" virus.
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© Human infections with the new H1N1 virus
are ongoing in the United States. Most people
who have become ill with this new virus have
recovered without requiring medical
treatment.
® CDC( center for disease control and
prevention) routinely works with states to
collect, compile and analyze information
about influenza, and has done the same for
the new H1N1 virus since the beginning of
the outbreak.
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Yes, CDC has
determined
that this new
virus is
contagious
and is
spreading
from human to
human.
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* Spread of novel H1N1 virus
is thought to occur in the
same way that seasonal flu
spreads. Flu viruses are
spread mainly from person
to person through coughing
or sneezing by people with
influenza.
* Sometimes people may
become infected by touching
something - such as a
surface or object - with flu
viruses on it and then
touching their mouth or
nose.
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Aconfirmed case of swine influenza : a
(H1N1) virus infection is defined as a
person with an acute respiratory illness
with laboratory confirmed swine influenza A
(H1N1) virus infection at CDC by one or
more of the following tests:
Realtime RT-PCR
Viral culture
Four-fold rise in swine influenza A(H1N1)
virus_specific neutralising antibodies
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* A Suspected case of influenza A (H1N1) virus
infection is defined as a person with acute
febrile respiratory illness with onset with 7 days
of close contact with a person who is confirmed
case of swine influenza A(H1N1) virus infection.
* Close contact is defined as: within about 6 feet
of an ill person who is confirmed or suspected
case of swine influenza A(H1N1) virus infection.
* Close contact is defined as within about 6 feet
of an ill person who is a confirmed case of
swine influenza A virus infection.
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WW does novel H1N1 flu compare to seasonal flu in terms of its severity and infection
rates?
* With seasonal flu, we know that seasons vary in terms of timing, duration and
severity. Seasonal influenza can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead
to death. Each year, in the United States, on average 36,000 people die from flu-
related complications and more than 200,000 people are hospitalized from flu-
related causes. Of those hospitalized, 20,000 are children younger than 5 years
old. Over 90% of deaths and about 60 percent of hospitalization occur in people
older than 65.
* When the novel H1N1 outbreak was first detected in mid-April 2009, CDC began
working with states to collect, compile and analyze information regarding the
novel H1N1 flu outbreak, including the numbers of confirmed and probable cases
and the ages of these people. The information analyzed by CDC supports the
conclusion
. At this
time, there are few cases and few deaths reported in people older than 64 years
old, which is unusual when compared with seasonal flu, However, pregnancy and
other previously recognized high risk medical conditions from seasonal influenza
appear to be associated with increased risk of complications from this novel
HINI1. These underlying conditions include
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« People infected with seasonal and novel
H1N1 flu shed virus and may be able to
infect others from
¢ This can be longer in some people,
especially children and people with
weakened immune systems and in people
infected with the new H1N1 virus.
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* There is no vaccine available
right now to protect against
novel H1N1 virus. However,
a novel H1N1 vaccine is
currently in production and
may be ready for the public
in the fall.
* As always, a vaccine will be
available to protect against
seasonal influenza.
* There are everyday actions
that can help prevent the
spread of germs that cause
respiratory illnesses like
influenza...
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1. Cover your nose and
mouth with a tissue when
you cough or sneeze. Throw
the tissue in the trash after
you use it.
2. Wash your hands often with
soap and water, especially
after you cough or sneeze.
Alcohol-based hand
cleaners are also effective.
3. Avoid touching your eyes,
nose or mouth. Germs
spread this way.
4, Try to avoid close contact
with sick people.
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If you are sick with flu-like illness, CDC recommends that
you stay home for at least 24 hours after your fever is
gone except to get medical care or for other necessities.
(Your fever should be gone without the use of a fever-reducing
medicine.) Keep away from others as much as possible to
keep from making others sick.
Other important actions that you can take are:
1:
. Follow public health advice regarding school closures,
avoiding crowds and other social distancing measures.
. Be prepared in case you get sick and need to stay home for a
week or so; a supply of over-the-counter medicines, alcohol-
based hand rubs, tissues and other related items might could
be useful and help avoid the need to make trips out in public
while you are sick and contagious
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eee 500
* Ifyou are sick with flu-like illness,
CDC SE Pee that you stay home for at lea
s 111 2 16۷61 15 0
except to get medical care or for other
necessities. (Your fever should be gone without
the use of a fever-reducing medicine.)
* Keep away from others as much as possible.
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when
coughing or sneezing. Put your used tissue in
the waste basket. Then, clean your hands, and
do so every time you cough or sneeze.
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* Employees who are well but who have an ill family
member at home with novel H1N1 flu can go to work as
usual. These employees should monitor their health every
day, and take everyday precautions including washing
their hands often with soap and water, especially after
they cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are
also effective.* If they become ill, they should notify their
supervisor and stay home. Employees who have an
underlying medical condition or who are pregnant should
call their health care provider for advice, because they
might need to receive influenza antiviral drugs to prevent
illness. For more information please see
General Business and Work idance for the Prevent
i Novi A Wi
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* Washing your hands often will
help protect you from germs.
Wash with soap and water or
clean with alcohol-based hand
cleaner. CDC recommends that
when you wash your hands -- with
soap and warm water -- that you
wash for 15 to 20 seconds. When
soap and water are not available,
alcohol-based disposable hand
wipes or gel sanitizers may be
used. You can find them in most
supermarkets and drugstores. If
using gel, rub your hands until
the gel is dry. The gel doesn't
need water to work; the alcohol in
it kills the germs on your hands.
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If you live in areas where people have been identified with novel H1N1 flu
and become ill with influenza-like symptoms, including fever, body aches,
runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, nausea, or vomiting or diarrhea, you
should
stay home and avoid contact with other people.
CDC recommends that you stay home for at least 24 hours after your feve
Tis gone
except to get medical care or for other necessities. (Your fever should be
gone without the use of a fever-reducing medicine.)
Stay away from others as much as possible to keep from making others
sick.Staying at home means that you should not leave your home except to
seek medical care. This means avoiding normal activities, including work,
school, travel, shopping, social events, and public gatherings.
If you have severe illness or you are at high risk for flu complications,
contact your health care provider or seek medical care. Your health care
provider will determine whether flu testing or treatment is needed.
If you become ill and experience any of the following warning signs, seek
emergency medical care.
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085 22-
© With regular seasonal flu, infants and the
elderly are usually thought to be most at risk
for serious infections, in addition to people
with chronic medical problems.
® Swine flu high risk groups, people who are
thought to be at risk for serious, life-
threatening infections, are a little different
and can include:
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High Risk Group
® pregnant women
® people with chronic medical problems, such
as chronic lung disease, like asthma,
cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and
immunosuppression
® children and adults with obesity
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ure antiviral chemo
~ oseltamivir or zanamivir can be considered for a
following:
A- Close contacts of cases(confirmed,
probable, or suspected)who are at
high-risk for complications of
influenza .
B- Health care personnel, public
health workers, or first responders
who haves had a recongnized,
unprotected close contact exposure to
a person with novel (H1N1) influenza
virus infection(confirmed, probable,
or suspected ) during that preson,s
infactioue nerind
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* Yes. CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir zanamivir
for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with
novel H1N1 flu virus. Antiviral drugs are prescription
medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaled powder) that fight
against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in
your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your
illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may
also prevent serious flu complications. During the current
pandemic, the priority use for ni) uenza antiviral drugs
during is to treat severe influenza illness (for example
hospitalized patients) and people who are sick who have
a condition that places them at high risk for serious flu-
related complications.
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