Therapeutic Sports Massage

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طبايع بة طد 

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Therapeutic Sports 

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Physiologic Effects of Massage » Mechanical stimulation of tissues by rhythmically applied pressure and stretching » Effects of massage may be either reflexive or mechanical 

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Physiologic Effects of Massage 7 ۱۱2322 - Effects sensory and motor nerves locally and some central nervous system, Igy oo) n=) ٠ Mechanical - Makes mechanical or histological changes in myofascial structures through direct force applied superficially 

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Reflexive Effects * Attempts to exert effects through skin and superficial connective tissues * Contact stimulates cutaneous receptors — Reflex mechanism is believed to be an autonomic nervous system phenomenon » ۱۳۱6 reflex stimulus causes sedation, relieves tension, increases blood flow 

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Reflexive Effects * Effects on pain. - Modulates pain through gate contro! & p- endorphins ۰ Effects on Circulation - Increase blood and lymphatic flow * Effects on Metabolism ۶۱۳ ‏ی یت ری‎ Tot) - ۸۵55|55 17۱ ۲6۱۴۱۵۷8۱ 810 ۱۱85۲6715 ۲65۷۱۱۲۱۱695 of lactic acid 

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Mechanical Effects * Techniques which stretch a muscle, elongate fascia or mobilize soft tissue adhesions or > Abas accompaniad by some reflex eifacts » Directed) at deeper tissues, such as adhesions. or restrictions in muscle, tendons, and fascia. 

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Mechanical Effects * Effects on muscle - Mechanical stretching of intramuscular connective tissue - To relieve pain and discomfort associated with myofascial trigger points - Increase blood flow to skeletal muscle - To retard muscle atrophy following injury - To increase range of motion - Does not increase strength or muscle tone 

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Mechanical Effects ۰ ۲۲۱6615 0۱ - Increase in skin temperature | - Increases sweating - Decreases skin resistance to galvanic current. - Mechanically loosens adhesions and softens scar - Stretches and breaks down fibrous scar tissue - Breaks down adhesions between skin and) subcutaneous tissue 

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Psychologic Effects of Massage * Psychologic effects of massage can be as beneficial as physiologic effects ¢ “Hands on" effect helps patients feel as if someone is helping them 

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Treatment Considerations and Guidelines * Knowledge of anatomy essential ¢ Understanding of existing (۱ 9 ۰ 11۱0۲۵۱191۱ ۱۲۱۵۷۷۱6۵۶ 50 principles 

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Positioning of Clinician ۶ Positioning will allow prevent fatigue, E} movement of, body « Weight evenly distril shift from one foot to ¢ Fit your hands to. treated ¢ Hands should be warm 

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Treatment Techniques * Pressure regulation determined by the type and amount of tissue present and patient's condition « Rhythm must be steady and even, * Duration depends on the pathology, size of the area being treated, speed of motion, age, size, and condition + With swelling begin proximally to facilitate lymphatic flow -"uncorking effect" 

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Treatment Techniques * Massage should never be painful * Direction of forces should paralle! muscle fibers * Begin and end with effleurage: * Make sure patient is warm 300 ‏أ‎ ‎comfortable, relaxed position + Body part may be elevated if necessary + Sufficient lubricant should be used * Begin with superficial stroking to spread 7 

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Treatment Techniques + Stroke should overlap + Pressure should be in line with venous. flow followed by a return stroke All strokes should be rhythmic 

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Equipment Set Up * Table * Linens and pillows ¢ Lubricant - Should be absorbed slightly by skin but 0065 501 16 00000 * Combination of one part beeswax to three parts: ‏لك لت‎ — Other types of lubricants that may be used are olive oil, mineral oil, cocoa butter, hydrolanolin, analgesic creams, alcohol, powder 

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Preparation of Patient Patient should be ina relaxed, comfortable position Part involved in treatment must be adequately supported Prone, supine, seated Clothing) should| be removed from part being treated 

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Hoffa Massage * Classical massage technique which uses a Variety of superficial strokes - Effleurage hea - Tapotment - Vibration 

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Tapotment (Percussion), ° Uses a Variety of percussive or beating techniques * Used to increase circulation and blood flow ¢ Used to stimulate peripheral nerve endings 

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Tapotment (Percussion) * Hacking 

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Tapotment (Percussion), * Hacking * Slapping 

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Tapotment (Percussion), * Hacking * Slapping, * Beating 

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Tapotment (Percussion), * Hacking « Slapping * Beating * Tapping 

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Tapotment (Percussion), * Hacking « Slapping * Beating * Tapping, * Clapping or cupping 

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Vibration Causing a part to vibrate ۶ ۲۱۵۱۵5 51101110 ۵10 1 contact and a rhythmical trembling movement will come from arms: 

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Transverse Friction Massage ¢ Technique for treating chronic tendon inflammation, 

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Connective Tissue Massage Bind este} ng 2-0 0 of connective tissue on body surface: * Abnormal tension in one part of tissue is reflected in other parts * Stroking produces a relaxation of muscular tension and|a prickling ۷۷۵۲۲۳۱۲۱ ۱۱ ۵ ۶ ۱1560 ۱۱۵5۷۱۷ in Europe 

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Connective Tissue Massage Bind: erga eect * Basic stroke of pulling performed with tips, of pads, of the middle and ring fingers of either hand * Stroking technique characterized by a tangential pull on skin and subcutaneous tissues away from fascia * Technique causes sharp pain in tissue 

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Connective Tissue Massage 1 ره ۰ 1۲۳6۵11061۲6 ۱9۲ ۵00۱0۲ 15 1۵ 25 minutes After 15 treatments 2-3 times per week, there should be a rest period of 4 weeks ۰ 20۲۱۳۱61۷6 5511۶ 8355306 9 6 learned and performed initially under direct supervision of someone who has been taught these highly specialized ‏“اولوت‎ 

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Acupresure, Shiatsu, and Myofascial Trigger Points ¢ Acupressure and Shiatsu points based on ancient Chinese art of acupuncture * Myofascial trigger points found in skeletal muscle and|tendons, in myofascia, in ligaments and capsules surrounding Joints, in periosteum, in skin. * May be activated and become painful/due to some trauma to muscle occuring either from direct trauma or from overuse 

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Acupresure, Shiatsu, and Myofascial Trigger Points * Pain results from inflammatory igs Je) asso) * Pain usually referred to areas which follow a specific pattern. * Stimulation of these points has been demonstrated to result in pain relief. ¢ Acupressure points and myofascial’ trigger points are similar 

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Acupressure Massage Techniques 

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Myofascial Release * Has also been referred|to as soft tissue mobilization * Group of stretching techniques used to relieve soft tissue from abnormal, grip of tight fascia * Myofascial| restrictions are unpredictable and may occur in many different planes and directions 

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Myofascial Release * Treatment is on localizing restriction and| moving into the direction of the restriction * Myofascial manipulation relies heavily on experience of clinician 

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Myofascial Release Technique ۱ clinician’s hands * Use limited lubricant * Positoning critical to maximize effects of treatment 

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Rolfing (Structural Integration) * Goal is to balance body within a gravitational field through manual soft tissue manipulation * If balanced movement is essential at a particular joint but nearby tissue is restrained, both the tissue and the joint will relocate to a position which accomplishes a more appropriate equilibrium 

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Rolfing (Structural Integration) * Technique involves 10 hour long sessions each of which emphasizes: some aspect of posture with. massage directed toward the myofascia * Major aspect is to intregrate structural| with psychological and) emotional aspects 

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Trager * Combines mechanical soft tissue mobilization and neurophysiological| reeducation * Uses gentle, passive, rocking oscillations ng traction and rotation as a relaxation technique ¢ Attempts to establish neuromuscular control so that more normal movement patterns can be routinely performed 

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Indications For Massage * increase coordination ~* alleviate muscle cramps. * decrease pain * increase blood flow * decrease * increase venous return neuromuscular * retard muscle atrophy excitibility * increase range of motion * stimulate circulation + edema * facilitate healing * myofascial trigger points * restore joint mobility * stretching scar tissue * remove lactic acid 

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Indications For Massage revascularization Raynaud's disease intermittent claudication در روک زرد زریت/ او ‎headaches‏ ‎migraines‏ adhesions muscle spasm myositis bursitis fibrositis tendinitis 

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Contraindications For Massage arteriosclerosis * synovitis thrombosis * abscesses embolism * skin infections severe varicose * cancers veins * acute inflammatory acute phlebitis conditions cellulitis