Valerian

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7 What Is Valerian? | Valerian is a popular herb used as a sedative to promote sleep and as a calmative agent. = *Botanical Name: Valeriana officinalis *Other Names: Heliotrope, Fragrant Valerian and European Valerian. = Valerian grows wild over many parts of and Asia. However, most of the vale medicinal extracts is cultivated. *Parts used for extract: Root ed 

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iff History and Traditional Uses | * Valerian: from the Latin word va/ere, which means to be in good health. * The herb was first discovered and used by Greek physicians, who recommended it for a host of medicinal uses: - Insomnia - Digestive problems - Anxiety - 4 

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7 Current Valerian Claims | ٠ Valerian is currently recommended for the following: » Insomnia » Anxiety » Pain ۷ =~ ٠ Valerian is used in combination other herbs for a list of purp 

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/4 Insomnia | * Even losing sleep a few nights a week can significantly impair your ability to function and decrease the quality of your life. * Lack of Sleep can cause: ۹ 1. Depression and Anxiety : 2. Delayed Reflexes 5 3. Mental and Physical Exhaustion 4. Weight Gain ‏جد‎ ‎5. Slow recovery from infections diseases == 6. Depressed immune system. 7. Decreased attention span 8. Irritability ; 

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/4 Insomnia cont.. | * Many who suffer from sleeping problems seek out help. * Options available: Relaxation techniques, prescription drugs and herbal remedies 1 (like valerian). * Herbal remedies may be chosen due to the high cost and addictive properties of prescription medications. ۹ 

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Chemical Constituants * Valerian extract is composed of many chemical constituents that are suggested to have medicinal properties » Valerenic acid » Valeoptriates SI » Amino acids ۹ * Valerenic acid; suggested in several — studies to be one of the active com > ۳ R Os H ‎COOH‏ وا ‎ 

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7 How it Works | * GABA receptors, melatonin, serotonin and here play a big part in controlling sleep (circadian rhythm, sleep latency, and duration) ۰ Valerian may decrease the degradation of GABA, therefore increasing GABA 4 concentration at the synapse (similar to Rx ‏رسد‎ like barbituates and benzodiazepine) resultingin a calmir or sedative effect. 1 * There are also studies testing va effect on serotonin and melatonin receptors as well, but the mec this reaction is unknown, 

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(| Abourashed, E. and Koetter, U. In Vitro Binding Experiments with a Valerian, Hops and Their Fixed Combination Extract to Selected CNS Receptors. Phytomedicine. 2004. Vol 11 *Several central receptors were selected for screening the binding affinity of valerian extracts. (serotonin, dopamine, melatonin ۰۱۷/۵۱6۲۵ dry extract was pre for the dried roots o1 paired with hc *The binding assays were performed using human cloned receptors ‎Cone. gin)‏ وما ‎zaai019 (A) ia SHIT, receptor (9-2, ‎ ‎ ‎ 

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* Findings: - The tested extracts showed considerable affinities towards the serotonin and melatonin receptors. by - the nature of affinity for the valerian | product to the respective receptors is yet t i} be determined. ® - Partially due to the in vitro tests (bioavailability is an essential be considered). - Identification of the ai any herbal product is important understanding of its pharmacolc and risks. 4 

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American Family Bhysician: 2003. Vol 67. pg 1755- *Analyzed 3 studies of uses and effectiveness of valerian. 1. Double blind, placebo controlled trial, 128 participants. Evaluating the effects of a single dose (400mg) on sleep latency, quality, night awakenings and sleepiness upon wake. -Valerian extract demonstrated significan improvement over placebo in latency and quality, but no differences in the other tw parameters. -Examination of the study showed th positive effects of valerian extra 

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if last study focused on pts with confirmed | - Design: Placebo-controlled, double blind - 600mg single dose - Doses given over 14 days - Each monitored with a polysomnograph (measures sleep waves) ۹ * Findings: - The 600mg single dose of valerian extract demonstrated no effect on sleep efficiency. ۷ - While multiple doses over the 14 days resulted in significant improvement in parameters of sl - There was a slight trend toward reduc after the long-term valerian T 

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| Summary of article * Most studies reviewed suggested that valerian is more effective when used continuously rather than as an acute sleep aid. ۹ i * More rigorous studies are needed to confirm these results. 3 * A potential advantage of val prescription meds is the lack of sl 

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6563۲6۱ ۷۱۵۷۷ ۵۱ ‘or persons with Rheumatoid Arthritis, and possibly may be superior to other sleep aids. - RA can be used as an example of problems that people may have that inhibit good sleep (others found include child developmental delay, anxiety and fibromyalsia,,, the 11 list can go on) One article suggested that valerian is just as, if not more effective as Kava in treating insomnia. * In pre-op pts: Valerian, and other herbs shauleae tape within a week of most surgeries or when anti fee a medication change. But may be useful ‏م‎ ‎with sleep difficulty. (check with MD) 

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/ Dosages and Effectiveness | Many people take 300-500mg of valerian root extract in capsules or tablets, 30 minutes to 2 hours prior to bedtime. Another common preparation is to create a tea-like tincture, by soaking 2-3g of dried root in warm water. It has been found that taking valerian for single time use is questionable effectiveness. 5 Valerian is recommended to be used longer pe of time or for chronic conditions. Vé effective after taking it nightly for 5 to 7 Several clinical studies have shown tha’ effective in the treatment of i insomnia, most by reducing sleep latency. 4 

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لك ی * According to several studies, there are no contraindications with valerian. * Reported adverse effects are rare, but include dizziness, headache and GI distress. * Valerian may potentate the sedative effects of barbiturates, anesthetics or other CNS depressants. Use with other sedative medications is not advised. No evidence of averse effects have been _ found in studies combining the use of valerian and alcohol consumption. But not advised. Contradictory information was. found: regarding the operation of heavy or motor vehicles. 72 

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7 Quality Considerations | * Quality standards generally relate to the level of essential oil. * The European Pharmacopia defines valerian root as containing at least 5ml of 1 essential oil/kg. 2 * Higher quality is considered tobe associated with roots bred to have high ۲ concentrations of oil. * Neither the FDA nor any other fer state agency routinely tests vale products, or other supplement: quality. 4 

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7 Quality Considerations cont.. *ConsumerLabs.com: Products were tested for: the quality and quantity of their valerian; potency, contamination, and dissolution. What CL Found: Among the 13 products tested by ConsumerLab.com, 5 failed. 1 Low potency was the primary reason for 4 failure. 

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7 Summary and Key Points | * Efficacy: Appears effective in mild to moderate insomnia. * Adverse Effects: Rare GI disturbance and headache. * Interactions: None have been reported, however may increase sedative effects of barbiturates, anesthetics and CNS depressants. * Dosage: Varies. Usually 300 to 600mg capsul 65 30 minutes to 2 hours before beg OF 2 to 3g dried root (tea form). * Cost: $0.08 to $0.30 per capsule, dep brand. * Bottom line: If the brand is tested to | adequate amounts of active ingredients, safe and effective treatment of mii insomnia. 

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7/1 Abourashed, E. and Koetter, U. In Vitro Binding Experiments with a Valerian, Hops and Their Fixed Combination Extract to Selected CNS Receptors. Phytomedicine. 2004. Vol 11 American Academy of Family Physicians. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20030415/1755.html. retrieved July, 2006. Hadley, S., Petery, J. Valerian. American Family Physician. 2003. Vol 67. pg'1755-1760. Herb Almanac. http://www.1001herbs.com/valerian/. retrieved July, McCabe, S. Complementary Herbal and Alternative Drugs in Clinical Practice. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2002. Vol 38. pg 98-109. Mischoulon, D. The Herbal Anxiolytics Kava and Valerian for Anxiety and insomnia. Psychiatric Annals. 2002. Vol 32. pg 55-66. Muller, D., Pfeil, T., et all, Treating Depression Comorbid with Anxiety Results of an Open, Practice-oriented Study with: StJohns Wort and Valerian Extract in High Doses. Phytomedican. 2003. Vol 10. pg 25. Office of Dietary Supplements. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Valerian.asp. retrieved July, 2006. Paibi, D., Bourguignon, C, Taylor, A. Valerian Use for Sleep. Disturbances Related to Rheumatoid Arthritis. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2004. Vol 18. pg 120-127 Wills, R., Bone, K., Morgan,M. Herbal Products: Active Constituaint, Modes of and Quality Control. Nutrition Society. 2000. Vol 

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