Virtualization and Cloud Computing
اسلاید 1: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud1Virtualization and Cloud ComputingNorman WildeThomas Huber
اسلاید 2: An opening caveat ...This talk is based on speeches at conferences, discussions with people in industry, and some experimentation.A lot of people think they will make a lot of money – so there is lots of hype!But there seems to be something fundamental going on.20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud2Some sun behind the clouds?
اسلاید 3: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud3Two Technologies for AgilityVirtualization:The ability to run multiple operating systems on a single physical system and share the underlying hardware resources*Cloud Computing:“The provisioning of services in a timely (near on instant), on-demand manner, to allow the scaling up and down of resources”*** VMware white paper, Virtualization Overview** Alan Williamson, quoted in Cloud BootCamp March 2009
اسلاید 4: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud4The Traditional Server ConceptWeb ServerWindowsIISApp ServerLinuxGlassfishDB ServerLinuxMySQLEMailWindowsExchange
اسلاید 5: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud5And if something goes wrong ...Web ServerWindowsIISApp ServerDOWN!DB ServerLinuxMySQLEMailWindowsExchange
اسلاید 6: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud6The Traditional Server ConceptSystem Administrators often talk about servers as a whole unit that includes the hardware, the OS, the storage, and the applications.Servers are often referred to by their function i.e. the Exchange server, the SQL server, the File server, etc.If the File server fills up, or the Exchange server becomes overtaxed, then the System Administrators must add in a new server.
اسلاید 7: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud7The Traditional Server ConceptUnless there are multiple servers, if a service experiences a hardware failure, then the service is down.System Admins can implement clusters of servers to make them more fault tolerant. However, even clusters have limits on their scalability, and not all applications work in a clustered environment.
اسلاید 8: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud8The Traditional Server ConceptProsEasy to conceptualizeFairly easy to deployEasy to backupVirtually any application/service can be run from this type of setupConsExpensive to acquire and maintain hardwareNot very scalableDifficult to replicateRedundancy is difficult to implementVulnerable to hardware outagesIn many cases, processor is under-utilized
اسلاید 9: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud9The Virtual Server ConceptVirtual Machine Monitor (VMM) layer between Guest OS and hardware
اسلاید 10: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud10Close-up** adapted from a diagram in VMware white paper, Virtualization Overview x86 ArchitectureVMM (Virtual Machine Monitor)Server1Guest OSServer2Guest OSClusteringService ConsoleIntercepts hardware requests
اسلاید 11: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud11The Virtual Server ConceptVirtual servers seek to encapsulate the server software away from the hardwareThis includes the OS, the applications, and the storage for that server.Servers end up as mere files stored on a physical box, or in enterprise storage.A virtual server can be serviced by one or more hosts, and one host may house more than one virtual server.
اسلاید 12: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud12The Virtual Server ConceptVirtual servers can still be referred to by their function i.e. email server, database server, etc.If the environment is built correctly, virtual servers will not be affected by the loss of a host.Hosts may be removed and introduced almost at will to accommodate maintenance.
اسلاید 13: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud13The Virtual Server ConceptVirtual servers can be scaled out easily.If the administrators find that the resources supporting a virtual server are being taxed too much, they can adjust the amount of resources allocated to that virtual serverServer templates can be created in a virtual environment to be used to create multiple, identical virtual serversVirtual servers themselves can be migrated from host to host almost at will.
اسلاید 14: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud14The Virtual Server ConceptProsResource poolingHighly redundantHighly availableRapidly deploy new serversEasy to deployReconfigurable while services are runningOptimizes physical resources by doing more with lessConsSlightly harder to conceptualizeSlightly more costly (must buy hardware, OS, Apps, and now the abstraction layer)
اسلاید 15: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud15Virtualization StatusOfferings from many companiese.g. VMware, Microsoft, Sun, ...Hardware supportFits well with the move to 64 bit (very large memories) multi-core (concurrency) processors.Intel VT (Virtualization Technology) provides hardware to support the Virtual Machine Monitor layerVirtualization is now a well-established technology
اسلاید 16: So what about Cloud Computing?20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud16
اسلاید 17: Suppose you are Forbes.comYou offer on-line real time stock market dataWhy pay for capacity weekends, overnight?20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud179 AM - 5 PM,M-FALL OTHER TIMESRate of Server Accesses
اسلاید 18: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud18Forbes SolutionHost the web site in Amazons EC2 Elastic Compute CloudProvision new servers every day, and deprovision them every nightPay just $0.10* per server per hour* more for higher capacity serversLet Amazon worry about the hardware!
اسلاید 19: Cloud computing takes virtualization to the next stepYou don’t have to own the hardwareYou “rent” it as needed from a cloudThere are public cloudse.g. Amazon EC2, and now many others (Microsoft, IBM, Sun, and others ...)A company can create a private oneWith more control over security, etc.20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud19
اسلاید 20: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud20Goal 1 – Cost ControlCostMany systems have variable demandsBatch processing (e.g. New York Times)Web sites with peaks (e.g. Forbes)Startups with unknown demand (e.g. the Cash for Clunkers program)Reduce riskDont need to buy hardware until you need it
اسلاید 21: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud21Goal 2 - Business AgilityMore than scalability - elasticity!Ely Lilly in rapidly changing health care businessUsed to take 3 - 4 months to give a department a server cluster, then they would hoard it!Using EC2, about 5 minutes!And they give it back when they are done!Scaling back is as important as scaling up
اسلاید 22: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud22Goal 3 - Stick to Our BusinessMost companies dont WANT to do system administrationForbes says:We are is a publishing company, not a software companyBut beware:Do you really save much on sys admin?You dont have the hardware, but you still need to manage the OS!
اسلاید 23: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud23How Cloud Computing WorksVarious providers let you create virtual serversSet up an account, perhaps just with a credit cardYou create virtual servers (virtualization)Choose the OS and software each instance will haveIt will run on a large server farm located somewhereYou can instantiate more on a few minutes noticeYou can shut down instances in a minute or soThey send you a bill for what you use
اسلاید 24: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud24Any Nasty Details? (loads of them!)How do I pick a provider?Am I locked in to a provider?Where do I put my data?What happens to my data when I shut down?How do I log in to my server?How do I keep others from logging in (security)?How do I get an IP address?Etc.
اسلاید 25: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud25And One Really Important Caveat** Cloud BootCamp March 2009
اسلاید 26: (footnote) How come Amazon?Grew out of efforts to manage Amazon’s own services(Each time you get a page from Amazon, over a hundred servers are involved)See reference Amazon Architecture on their service design conceptsThey got so good at it that they launched Amazon Web Services (AWS) as a product20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud26
اسلاید 27: Cloud Computing StatusSeems to be rapidly becoming a mainstream practiceNumerous providersAmazon EC2 imitators ...Just about every major industry nameIBM, Sun, Microsoft, ...Major buzz at industry meetings20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud27
اسلاید 28: So What’s the Take-Away?There seems to be a major revolution underway in how we manage hardwareSpecify (machine per service or one big machine with many virtual serversPurchase (own it yourself or rent from a public cloud)Use (always-on, or flexible provisioning as needed ...)We may need to rethink both our research and teaching20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud28and software?
اسلاید 29: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud29For UWF: What About Research?The Eucalyptus ProjectFrom University of California Santa BarbaraAn open source collection of tools to build your own cloudLinux using Xen for virtualizationAn apparently open research area: handling dataRegular databases apparently dont scale wellEspecially hard to make elastic (scale up / scale down)
اسلاید 30: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud30For UWF: What About Teaching?Our graduates should know about cloud computing / virtualizationIt will be useful for some applications, though not for allBut what are the right learning objectives?Awareness (its there ...)Mechanics (here’s how to instantiate a server ...)Design (how to make a scalable service ...)???
اسلاید 31: For Fall 2009 ...Currently developing a Virtualization / Cloud Computing “module”1 – 2 class sessions plus an exerciseTarget courses (November):COP 6990 – Multi-Process Computing (Simmons)CTS 4817 – Web Server Administration (Owsnicki-Klewe)ObjectivesAwareness and mechanics of EC220090909_VirtualizationAndCloud31
اسلاید 32: References (links are current as of September, 2009)VMware Inc., Virtualization Overview, http://www.vmware.com/pdf/virtualization.pdfTodd Hoff, Amazon Architecture, http://highscalability.com/amazon-architecture, Sept. 18, 2007Intel Corp., Technology brief: Understanding Intel® Virtualization Technology, http://download.intel.com/technology/virtualization/320426.pdfaw2.0 Ltd, Cloud BootCamp March 2009, http://www.aw20.co.uk/help/cloudbootcamp_march2009.cfm20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud32
اسلاید 33: 20090909_VirtualizationAndCloud33Where do we go from here?Any ideas to keep us out of the rain?
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