صفحه 1:
نام درير: زباتفتانى سابل ای
پایه: ارشد eS obo coe) tty
سر 2
2
1, James, Carl, (1980), Contrastive Analysis.
Longman Publications,
2, Richards, Jack € (1972), Contrastive Analysis,
Oxford University Press,
9 رل es
۱ ۱ ( (
صفحه 2:
اهداف كلى درس: هدف عمده اين درس در يايه ارشد آموزش و كسترش
glut دانتعزیان در زسیند بززستر سیار. دو زبان بارسی و انتلیسی سین
أباشد. دانشجويان مى بايست بياموزند جه نكات ساختارىء وازكانى» كويشى و ...
ميان دو زبان انكليشى و بارسى شباهت دارند وجه نكاتى منفاوت هسنتد:
سپس با نافتن این شباهتها و تفاوتها آنها خواهند دانست بر روی چه نکاتی
Pe) ترج لاضن اقلت eR eT yo ۳
nee ا Cone ie Mets ier Cee
ريك اصلجبايان ناه هاى-دانشجويان: 7
وا Ol ee
انکلیسی را اسانتر سازیم. در وافع تفاوت میان وشته آموزش زبان که از آن به
عنوان زبانشناسی کاربردی ید می شود با زباتشناسی محض همین درس است
صفحه 3:
Soy eS ed oes لب رت تب درس لت لد متس
انجام یک پژوهش نتطبیقی را میان دو زبان پارسی و انگلیسی آموزش می دهد.
دانشپریان تيار دار كد بان ey بایان تا 7 PSS Sy ph
انجام.دهند, جكونه آنرا به مطالعات ييشين ييوند دهند و در. همان حال جكونه
كار ضود را متسايز عر بد ترد سازند: سايان تشتر امت مد بايد اين
درس را با دو درس روش تحقیق یک ا م
زسته ها و شوه کار را فراعم می [ورنه و به ساختار مطالعه می بردازند در
متاليسه اين درس به ستتوای سطالمه سی پردازد, بد حبارت دیتر اتر سروس
روش تسقيق يت و در به دانشسو مى كويند ونه بايان ناسه بنويسد اين
.درس به دانشدعو سى تؤيد بايان نامه سود را در يارد بعد يتويد
صفحه 4:
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Clef ese ce Sh ee eter ا ری | cle
aber
(earlier Do We) (e) On
صفحه 5:
Onpstrasive Quulpsic
رل را ار خر زره
رمرم(
Or Ouse 0
(or Darter Cridens o> (Cacti af Payaar-2
(eur ۱
COCMEN OE POERDRDECOAY
صفحه 6:
Which one is a broad
approach to linguistics?
Generalists and particularists
صفحه 7:
What are generalists
interested in?
Human language in general
صفحه 8:
What are particularists
interested in?
Specific instances of human language
صفحه 9:
Between 5۱۱۱۱۱۲۵۲۱۱ and
diachronic, which approach
looks at the static side of
language?
Synehronic
صفحه 10:
Between synchronic and
diachronic, which approach
looks at the evolutionary
aspect of language?
diachronic
صفحه 11:
What is interlanguage study
interested in?
The emergence of language rather
than its finished product
صفحه 12:
Does CA belong to
interlanguage study 2.
صفحه 13:
Which one includes the
other: interlanguage study
or CA?
Interlanguage study
صفحه 14:
What are the three
branches of interlingual
linguistics?
Translation theory, error analysis,
contrastive analysis
صفحه 15:
What is societal
bilingualism?
Bilingualism at large (the level of
society)
صفحه 16:
What is individual
bilingualism?
Bilingualism at the level of individuals
صفحه 17:
What is incipient
bilingualism?
Elementary bilingualism
صفحه 18:
What is extant
bilingualism?
Advanced bilingualism (bilinguals)
صفحه 19:
What is the difference
between transfer and
interference?
Positive, negative
صفحه 20:
What does parole mean?
Performance
صفحه 21:
What does langue mean?
Competence
صفحه 22:
Which branches does CA
draw upon?
A hybrid of Linguistics and psychology
صفحه 23:
Is Carl James concerned
with applied or theoretical
CA?
Applied
صفحه 24:
Discuss the difference
between the Interference
theory and the ignorance
hypothesis with view of
their assumption of the
source of errors?
Interference says the source of errors
is 1* language whereas ignorance
hypothesis attributes it to ignorance
or lack of knowledge for the correct
structure in the target language,
صفحه 25:
Does Carl James believe in
the study of CA from a
cognitive perspective?
Ov
صفحه 26:
Does a CAnalyst need to
become a psycholinguist?
4
صفحه 27:
What is the goal of CA?
Psychology
صفحه 28:
What is the means of CA?
Linguistics
صفحه 29:
What is interlingual level
shift?
State where a lexical distinction in
one language is expressed through
another, say grammatical level in
another language.
صفحه 30:
What is interlingual rank
shift?
When a say clausal distinction in one
language is expressed through a
phrasal distinction in another.
صفحه 31:
Which five processes are at
work in 12 acquisition?
Li transfer, transfer of training from L2,
overgeneralization of L2 rules, strategies of
communication, strategies of L2 learning.
صفحه 32:
Is microlinguistics the
theoretical aspect of CA?
No it is the practical aspect
صفحه 33:
Are transfer rules
directional?
و
صفحه 34:
Are grammatical rules
directional?
Wy
صفحه 35:
What are the three
important approaches to
phonetics?
Articulatory, acoustic, auditory
صفحه 36:
What does selectional
restrictions mean?
That certain combinations are possible in a
language but not the others.
صفحه 37:
What is phonotactics?
combination of sounds, or restrictions
as to the co-occurrence of sounds
صفحه 38:
What is taxonomic
phonology?
It is the approach that sets out:
phoneme settings, combinatorial
possibilities of phonemes
(phonotactics) and non-distinctive.
variations of these units in different
languages,
صفحه 39:
What is the basic
assumption of generative
phonology?
That the surface structure of an
utterance is derived from deep
structure.
صفحه 40:
What constitutes the
tertium comparationis of
generative phonology?
Distinctive features
صفحه 41:
What is Sapir-Whort
hypothesis?
Linguistic determinism, that different
language communities have different
interpretations of the same reality
(Since language determines our
perception of reality)
صفحه 42:
What information does a
lexical entry contain?
Morphological specification, syntactic
specification, semantic specification
صفحه 43:
What does verba dicendi
include?
A notional class of verbs
صفحه 44:
What is hyponymy?
Coordinate or sisterhood relationship
between words of the same level
صفحه 45:
What is selectional
restrictions?
Regulations and limitations as to the
lexemes that can co-occur.
صفحه 46:
Which term is code
linguistics synonymous to?
Microlinguistics
صفحه 47:
What other aspect of
language other than
knowledge of the code is
necessary for
communication?
Sensitivity:
صفحه 48:
How does the simple
formula that expresses the
six Hymesian variables
read?
Who says what to whom, where and
when , how and why
صفحه 49:
What are the two areas of
study in macrolinguistics?
Text analysis, discourse, analysis
صفحه 50:
What are the broad
perspectives of
macrolinguistics?
Formal and functional
صفحه 51:
In Carl James opinion, the
distinction between text
and discourse analysis is
similar to Widdowson’s
distinction between .........
and ........
Usage and use
صفحه 52:
What are the variables in
Carl James’ CA?
Formal devices
صفحه 53:
What is a hyperonym?
a super-ordinate term, the most
general term
صفحه 54:
۲۷۷۱۱۵۲ 15 ٩ 0
Coordinate words
صفحه 55:
What is از 5
term?
a hyperonym
صفحه 56:
What is exophoric
ةا
Reference to real word entities, e.g
my Car (in a sentence)
صفحه 57:
What is endophoric
1200 0 9
Reference-in-text
صفحه 58:
What is anaphoric
reference?
Backward reference in endophoric
reference
صفحه 59:
What is 0
و۱
Anticipatory reference, looking ahead
صفحه 60:
What are the syntactic
devices for achieving
cohesion?
Reference
Ellipsis
Comparison
parallel structure
صفحه 61:
What does being relevant
mean in the light of FSP?
Means relating new intormation to
what is already known either by
cotext or by context
صفحه 62:
What does inversion mean
in the light of FSP?
Markedness, or departure from the
default or normal word order
صفحه 63:
What is clefting?
Addition of an expletive clause at the
beginning of a kernel SVO’ sentence
as in: What we want is Wineys
صفحه 64:
What are the three possible
approaches to text analysis?
textual characterization
text type
translated texts
صفحه 65:
What is meant by textual
characterization?
Collection of data on the preferences
shown by each pair of languages for the
use of certain devices for achieving
textual cohesion.
صفحه 66:
What can a piece of text
emphasize on?
Content
Form
Appeal
صفحه 67:
Can any test be
emphasizing on one of
content, form or appeal
alone?
No, texts emphasize on a blend of
them
صفحه 68:
What is speech act?
Things we do with language
صفحه 69:
What is colingual
community?
A group of individuals who can.
communicate with each other in
certain ways characteristic of their
group.
صفحه 70:
What are the four maxims
that all conversations
conform to?
Quantity, quality, relevance, manner
صفحه 71:
What does Grice’s concept
of ‘conversational
implicatures’ mean?
Conclusions made on the basis of a
conversation
صفحه 72:
How many ways are there
in English to refer to
unmentionables without
being offensive?
Two, technical terms, euphemism
صفحه 73:
Does English have overt
status marking means?
We
صفحه 74:
Does English have covert
Status marking means?
و
صفحه 75:
What are the two
characteristics of phatic
communion?
Indexicality, deicticism
صفحه 76:
What does ‘having
communicative competence
mean’?
To be able to activate strategies to
avoid communication breakdown
and to main the floor of conversation:
صفحه 77:
What constitutes the scale
of units of discourse in that
order?
Turn, move, exchange, conversation
صفحه 78:
What are conversational
gambits?
Techniques used to lubricate a
conversation that is already started.
صفحه 79:
What does theoretical CA
look for?
Realizations of a universal category in
all human languages
صفحه 80:
What does applied CA look
for?
How given category X in language A is
represented in language B
صفحه 81:
Which CA is STATIC?
applied or theoretical?
Theoretical
صفحه 82:
What are the advantages of
theoretical CA?
Economy in the study of languages
Constant or recurrent reference to
tertium Comparationis
صفحه 83:
What are the disadvantages
of theoretical CA?
Neglects applied CA.
Conducted by target language
linguists with little interest in L1
صفحه 84:
Why is so little known about
applied CA?
Because of overemphasis on:
theoretical CA
صفحه 85:
When was CA particularly
criticized?
After the demise of behaviorism and
the transfer theory
صفحه 86:
Which theory best
characterizes the censure
against CA
The ignorance hypothesis
صفحه 87:
What does the ignorance
hypothesis say?
That the cure for interference is simply
the cure for ignorance: learning, not
the theories proposed by C Analysts
