مقایسه تکنیک های پیاده سازی انتقال Audio and Video Streaming در سیستم های موبایل

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esau) بررسی ار نحتیت های پیاده سازی انتقال ‎Audio & Video Streaming‏ قم های موایل مبتنی بر 020 MOBILE ۴۴۶8 10 ۶۶8 ]۴2۴[ اميد رضا باقرى دانشگاه كار 

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فهرست مطالب ۲ مقدمه 8 اا با اصطلاحات مورد استفاده در مقاله 5 آشنايى اجمالى با ساختار شبكه موبايل ۲ ساختار ۸۲ 5 بررسی تجربی یک آزمایش " ارزیابی و مقایسه چند نرم افزار در استفاده از روش ۳2۳ در انتقال ویدئو و صدا ليه 

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آشنایی با ساختار کلی شبکه موبایل و پروتکلهای آن 8 ‏نسل هاى موبايل‎ 516 26 5558 5256 558 * 3G-324M * 3G/UMTS * 3GPP "ETSI "4G تجوه اتقال صدا و داده در موبایل ۳ 

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56 = Compared to 2G and 2.5G services, 3G allows simultaneous use of speech and data services and higher data rates (up to 14.4 Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8 Mbit/s on the uplink with HSPA+). ‎To support mobile multimedia applications,3G‏ م ‎had to deliver packet-switched data with‏ ‎better spectral efficiency, at far greater speeds‏ ‎5 3G networks offer a greater degree of security than 2G predecessors. ‎5 3G networks use the KASUMI block crypto instead of the older A5/1 stream cipher. 

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9G-98FO 5 3G-324M is the 3GPP umbrella protocol for video telephony in 3G mobile networks. "The 3G-324M protocol operates over an established circuit switched connection between two communicating peers. 5 3G-324M is an umbrella specification to enable conversational multimedia communication over Circuit Switched (CS) networks and has been adopted by the 3GPP. 3G-324M is based on the ITU-T H.324 

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9G6-9CFO Sub protools . ITU-T H.245 for call control 2. ITU-T H.223 for bit streams to data packets multiplexer/demultiplexer 5111-3 Annet A and B for error handling of low and medium BER detection, correction and concealment . ITU-T H.324 with Annexes A and C for operating in wireless environment 

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٩0-6000 Osapes 5 ۲ 3G-324M specification using the Circuit switched network allows delay sensitive conversational multimedia services such as: 5 Video Conferencing fog personal and business use ‎Multimedia entertainment services‏ ه ‎° Telemedicine ‎5 Surveillance ‎5 Live Video Broadcasting- Cable TV On-the-Go ‎5 Video-on-demand (movies, news clips) 

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90-05 = UMTS is one of the third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunications technologies, which is also being developed into a 4G technology. It is specified by 3GPP and is part of the global ITU IMT-2000 standard = The most common form of UMTS uses W-CDMA (IMT Direct Spread) as the underlying air interface but the system also covers TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA (both IMT CDMA TDD). ‎UMTS also covers the radio access network‏ ه ‎(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network;‏ ‎UTRAN), the core network (Mobile Application‏ ‎Part; MAP) as well as authentication of users via‏ ‎USIM cards (Subscriber Identity Module).‏ 

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9505-01 ‎UMTS, using W-CDMA, supports maximum‏ مه ‎theoretical data transfer rates of 21 Mbit/s (with‏ ‎HSDPA),although at the moment users in deployed‏ ‎networks can expect a transfer rate of up to 384‏ ‎Kbit/s for R99 handsets, and 7.2 Mbit/s for HSDPA‏ ‎handsets in the downlink connection. This is still‏ ‎much greater than the 9.6 Kbit/s of a single GSM‏ ‎error-corrected circuit switched data channel or‏ ‎multiple 9.6 Kbit/s channels in HSCSD (14.4 Kbit/s‏ ‎for CDMAOne), and—in competition to other‏ ‎network technologies such as CDMA2000, PHS or‏ ‎WLAN—offers access to the World Wide Web and‏ ‎other data services on mobile devices.‏ 

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UMTS Transmitter 

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Radio Network Controller(RNC) ‎The RNC is a governing element in the‏ م ‎UMTS radio access network (UTRAN)‏ ‎and is responsible for control the‏ ‎Node Bs that are Gonnected to it.‏ ‎5 The RNC connects to the Circuit Switched Core Network through Media Gateway (MGW) and to the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) in the Packet Switched Core Network. 

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۲ و ‎a...‏ و ۳۳ 87 ‎yh ~~‏ 5 1 8 Cc ms 1 a, ١ ۱ ۱ a x | 2 | > 9 The logical connections between the network elements are known as interfaces. 

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۲ ۸1 جيسك ۲ انواع ۸۲ ۰ ۵ ۲۸۲ UDP Hole punching * aversal Using relay NAT (TURN) © Simple ‘Traversal of UDP over NATs (STUN) * " مزايا و معایب 

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Session A-S 18.181.0.31:1234—_1 155.99.25.11:62000 , Cc Main Internet NAT NAT (455.99.25.11) 038.7629.) Session A-S Liv ۲ Session B-S 18.181,0.31:12347 vate ete ‘S18.181.0.31:1234 10.0.0.1:4321, Network Network | 10.1.1.3:4321 Client A Client B (1000.1) (0.1.1.3) 16 

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NAT Traversal by Connection STUN Server S (8.181.031) Tan (2) Relayed Client B Connection (138.76.29.7) Client A 0.0.0.1) 

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‎Addressing‏ 1 در شبکه موبایل ‎5 Public IP Address 5 Dynamic IP Address 5 Private IP Address ‎ 

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Public and private IP address domains (global IP addresses) _ i; o. ——— ss sn ۳22 sn Main Internet (global IP address realm) ISP-deployed NAT | Home NAT a4 (private IP addresses) H 

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NAPT . Network Address Port Translation 

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21 نمایی از پورت های محدود شده در ‎NAT‏ Client 

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22 What is UDP Hole Punching 9 ۱ ‏روموت‎ 000 kok prrcckien to renner eel DOP ravers ‏وی‎ ]0 renekton (DPD) raed toranks Doer Datsun Brome (DD) koe pamckice ‏سا مها الما وروی و لاس‎ m pricay vette vere DOD. Ai sbee veh wrk uk ol ye oP ODD s oe thew behave ts wt okt ork het bebe «DT cones 0 hind, welthorws server (warily a GMD server) tn be pubs wes ‏ی را لو سم‎ he DP devices hove eonbshed OXDP orate Pore, suche ‏اس و‎ pexenmsetioa kop fat ke OOD? devices ul heey ke oktes deopto fur pockire: cower Promo o dfPevect hen. OP bole pcb ud wt work unk 3 Oyerren: OMB (aloo hoon as brsbrevavd (BD) wes ro be ‏امد‎ ket laree corrorce ‏.جد ايه‎ Dike Sy DOP, tee (UP ‏چم من ات با همقل‎ ts ‏جروت سا هم ما ال‎ ood ‏وجي عل جد وه موه نصا اس بط موی 00/۱) مه موق‎ 1 at her pene weak woe ty seen packets doar 7 far chr. Por cet a te Pvt Yee oP OD, see ‏مساو سای امن‎ @ sxumuka wore ehborae pprowk te where bok hosts ud star smalkey 9 eurk aber, sy rade trop. Ox 9 Repeal Oo )00۲۲, fe Prot packet Prox fer ober hurt ual be bbcted. Per tra ter DOT shure kre a record of kounny seu 3 packet 7 ke oker czarhioe, cd dl et ny pockets con Prony kee “KP ‏موه مه اور له سل‎ he techn _ ‏ان بو‎ ver ‏دز‎ Ohya Wy byes Preurits unt DOD dover. hoon eo be used ty ‏او ما یی‎ ‏سای موم موی‎ operate over ODP Whe sare tevhonr te soweoes ‏جا جمدت‎ 1١ ‏صوص‎ Ort Protral (POP) comectoxer, abet uk 

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نس ssn saints sents sssaitaim 7 ee 6 NAT TAT ssn ann BN ay seninds| [Saints ‏|مديضية‎ [saints ‏و سس شش‎ Ate ۳ ۳ Client A ‏مس‎ ‎‘aon ani ‏عالق‎ Hole Punching 25 Server $ ‏رزوی تسه‎ Feeds tages apa ree hana ‘NAT own NAT ‏او‎ 7 ‏مالس سوه‎ ۳ wl XK ‏لیر‎ ‎lien A ‏تسه‎ ‎00 ‏سم‎ ‎The Hole Punching Process Server § sisi Er Sess Seo 35302 ‏سر‎ ‎7 0 ‏لاس‎ ‎NAT NAT ase) ۳۳۳ Seiad ‏سس‎ ( Client A ‘ana Before Hole Punching 

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Cheat Alter Hole Punching 26 Client A ای وتو ون Kare Cent A Client The Hole Punching Process Server $ 1 سم قسنت Nate Client Deore Hole Punching 

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Experimental Procedures وعسلةل؟ لمنائم1 هة كلقط طعةة صآ) دعصت 10 ‎Interval of Connecting‏ ‎hot‏ yur) Download Speed 234kbps. Num of packets sent 50 Access Point Type Nolja Indoor Microcell Operator Orange with 2 Mbps (E1) 27 

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Experimental Procedures NETWORK SUMMARY Average Round Trip Delay (RTT) 396ms Maximum RTT 418ms Minimum RTT 393ms Packet Loss. 0% 28 

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29 Technology Evaluation | P2P Arrangements : =Direet P2P » Advantages : no intermediary node is needed. * Disadvantages : criticg] traffic in 3G network, bring security (each nodes should handle security by itself) = Indirect P2P » Advantages : Security control bye middle nodes, communicate with public and private IP over other nodes * Disadvantages : Authentication is required by the applications to eliminate such unexpected traffic 

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Sections Describes the Outcomes of the P2P Tests 5 Qnext 5. Yahoo Messenger 5 Google Talk 4 5 MSN Messenger 5 Skype 5 SightSpeed(v6) . Real Networks 

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Qnext (ver. 3.0) 5 Specifications : = Java-based Software Application = = Could not Establish a Direct ۳2۳ ۹۵5510 ۳ * Stream all Traffic via a§Common Central Node = Use TCP Protocol instead of UDP for all usage 5 Analysis : (on 10-based LAN & direct p2p & UDP) = Unacceptable for real-time mobile video applications = UDP hole punching process over the orange NAT Failed 31 

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Yahoo Messenger (ver. 8 | ۲25 95 006 5 Specifications : = Call setup through implementing SIP & Laboratory = Streams Audio & Video via a Central Node over TCP 5 Analysis : (over 3G network) = Poor overall performance including Video Delays of Approximately 7 sec ‘glitchy’ & pixilated 

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Google Talk (beta) : 5 Specifications : = Streamed Directly from P2P & over the UDP = Extensible Messaging & Presence Protocol (XMPP) = Audio & video Delay 3 sec 5 Analysis : = Incoming & Outgoing Packets and Transmission was effectively Symmetrical = Average Data Rates received is 13kbps 33 

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MSN Messenger (ver. 5 ‏11ل رات‎ 1 0 * Bidirectional Video Streaming * SIP Support * MSNMS Protocol over TCP to gather IP & Port details - Bi-directional Video Streaming & Direct P2P 5 Analysis : " 1sec Delay "| 56kbps Data Rates 135 7 $19 1915 17 1921 28.28.2728 Tene 35 

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36 Skype (ver. 3.0) 5 Specifications : = No Cost « P2p Video Calls with millisecond over 5 * Use Proprietary Protticols " Transmission via Public IP address 5 Analysis : : " Data rate of 3-16kbps = Average 58kbps on Upload path " Average 195bytes packet size during 

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3 37 SightSpeed (ver. 6) 5 Specifications : " Use H.263 video codec = Bi-directional video streaming performance = Isec direct P2P delily 5 Analysis : 28 31 3437 40 A 48 49 52 65.60 " Higher quality picture than’SKype~. 

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Real Networks . Free source software : |ReaiNetworks & = Drawing Streaming Server = Helix Server ۸ 5. Real Network products: ‏ى‎ ‎" Helix Mobile producer * Helix Serve post ‘encisiservwarset HTTP/1.0 Authorization: Basic a ZW5jb2RIcjoxbuRIMXRpdg== Content-Length: 106 Real Played ‏سس‎ e:Transportudp/unicast;ResendSupported =1:Security=Basie:Password=*##** StatsInterval=10: 38 

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Alternatives 5 Mobile Monitor 5 IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) iP wutimea subs iP capapie Finds the otner terminal and terminal Connect the terminal wih ‏م‎ ‎=) Findand Ms _ 0 i & (eg GPRS EDGE, Possible between WEDMA, WLAN ADSL) terminals 

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Conclusion 5 Sightspeed & Skype gave acceptable streaming performance in for (near) real-time video applications ©" Sightspeed & Skype overcome the NAT issues involved and implemented a direct based P2P, bidirectional video streaming " Mobile application designer can improve performance with suitable and tailored encoding and streaming formats such as MPEG4- part10(H264) & ACC CODECS 5 Prove the feasibility of such mobile applications 40 

بررسی و مقایسه تکنیک های پیاده سازی انتقال ‏Audio & Video Streaming در سیستم های موبایل مبتنی بر p2p امید رضا باقری دانشگاه امیرکبیر 1  ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ 2 مقدمه آشنایی با اصطالحات مورد استفاده در مقاله آشنایی اجمالی با ساختار شبکه موبایل ساختار NAT بررسی تجربی یک آزمایش ارزیابی و مقایسه چند نرم افزار در استفاده از روش P2Pدر انتقال ویدئو و صدا آشنایی با ساختار کلی شبکه موبایل و پروتکلهای آن نسل های موبایل 1G 2G 2.5 G 2.75G ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ 3G 3G-324M 3G/UMTS 3GPP ‏ETSI ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ ‏ 4G ‏ نحوه انتقال صدا و داده در موبایل 3 ‏ ‏ 3G     Compared to 2G and 2.5G services, 3G allows simultaneous use of speech and data services and higher data rates (up to 14.4 Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8 Mbit/s on the uplink with HSPA+). To support mobile multimedia applications,3G had to deliver packetswitched data with better spectral efficiency, at far greater speeds 3G networks offer a greater degree of security than 2G predecessors. 3G networks use the KASUMI block crypto instead of the older A5/1 stream cipher. 4 3G-324M    3G-324M is the 3GPP umbrella protocol for video telephony in 3G mobile networks. The 3G-324M protocol operates over an established circuit switched connection between two communicating peers. 3G-324M is an umbrella specification to enable conversational multimedia communication over Circuit Switched (CS) networks and has been adopted by the 3GPP. 3G-324M is based on the ITU-T H.324 5 3G-324M Sub protocols 1. 2. 3. 4. ITU-T H.245 for call control ITU-T H.223 for bit streams to data packets multiplexer/demultiplexer ITU-T H.223 Annex A and B for error handling of low and medium BER detection, correction and concealment ITU-T H.324 with Annexes A and C for operating in wireless environment 6 Scope of 3G-324M 7 3G-324M Usages        The 3G-324M specification using the Circuit switched network allows delay sensitive conversational multimedia services such as: Video Conferencing for personal and business use Multimedia entertainment services Telemedicine Surveillance Live Video Broadcasting– Cable TV On-theGo Video-on-demand (movies, news clips) 8 3G-UMTS    UMTS is one of the third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunications technologies, which is also being developed into a 4G technology. It is specified by 3GPP and is part of the global ITU IMT-2000 standard The most common form of UMTS uses WCDMA (IMT Direct Spread) as the underlying air interface but the system also covers TDCDMA and TD-SCDMA (both IMT CDMA TDD). UMTS also covers the radio access network (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network; UTRAN), the core network (Mobile Application Part; MAP) as well as authentication of users via USIM cards (Subscriber Identity Module). 9 3G-UMTS  UMTS, using W-CDMA, supports maximum theoretical data transfer rates of 21 Mbit/s (with HSDPA),although at the moment users in deployed networks can expect a transfer rate of up to 384 Kbit/s for R99 handsets, and 7.2 Mbit/s for HSDPA handsets in the downlink connection. This is still much greater than the 9.6 Kbit/s of a single GSM error-corrected circuit switched data channel or multiple 9.6 Kbit/s channels in HSCSD (14.4 Kbit/s for CDMAOne), and—in competition to other network technologies such as CDMA2000, PHS or WLAN—offers access to the World Wide Web and other data services on mobile devices. 10 3G-UMTS 11 UMTS Transmitter 12 Radio Network Controller(RNC)   The RNC is a governing element in the UMTS radio access network (UTRAN) and is responsible for control the Node Bs that are connected to it. The RNC connects to the Circuit Switched Core Network through Media Gateway (MGW) and to the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) in the Packet Switched Core Network. 13 RNC Interfaces The logical connections between the network elements are known as interfaces. 14 NAT عملکرد تکنولوژی چیست؟NAT NAT انواع NAT Traversal UDP Hole punching Traversal Using relay NAT (TURN) Simple Traversal of UDP over NATs (STUN)       مزایا و معایب  15 NAT Traversal by Relaying TURN 16 NAT Traversal by Connection STUN 17  در شبکه موبایلIP Addressing    Public IP Address Dynamic IP Address Private IP Address 18 Public and private IP address domains 19 NAPT  Network Address Port Translation 20 NAT نمایی از پورت های محدود شده در Request Server1 1 Response 2 3 Client Server2 4 21        What is UDP Hole Punching ? In computing, UDP hole punching is a commonly used NAT traversal technique. Network address translation (NAT) traversal through User Datagram Protocol (UDP) hole punching is a method for establishing bidirectional UDP connections between Internet hosts in private networks using NAT. It does not work with all types of NATs as their behavior is not standardized. Each host behind a NAT contacts a third, well-known server (usually a STUN server) in the public address space and then, once the NAT devices have established UDP state information, switches to direct communication hoping that the NAT devices will keep the states despite the packets coming from a different host. UDP hole punching will not work with a Symmetric NAT (also known as bi-directional NAT) which tend to be found inside large corporate networks. With Symmetric NAT, the IP address of the well known server is different from that of the endpoint, and therefore the NAT mapping the well known server sees is different from the mapping that the endpoint would use to send packets through to the client. For details on the different types of NAT, see network address translation. A somewhat more elaborate approach is where both hosts will start sending to each other, using multiple attempts. On a Restricted Cone NAT, the first packet from the other host will be blocked. After that the NAT device has a record of having sent a packet to the other machine, and will let any packets coming from these IP address and port number through. The technique is widely used in peer-to-peer software and Voice over Internet Protocol telephony. It is one of the methods used in Skype to bypass firewalls and NAT devices. It can also be used to assist the establishment of virtual private networks operating over UDP. The same technique is sometimes extended to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connections, albeit with much less success. 22 UDP Hole Punching  Algorithm     Let A and B be the two hosts, each in its own private network; N1 and N2 are the two NAT devices; S is a public server with a well-known globally reachable IP address. A and B each begin a UDP conversation with S; the NAT devices N1 and N2 create UDP translation states and assign temporary external port numbers S relays these port numbers back to A and B A and B contact each others' NAT devices directly on the translated ports; the NAT devices use the previously created translation states and send the packets to A and B 23 UDP Hole Punching Process behind Common NAT 24 UDP Hole Punching, Peers Behind Different NATs 25 UDP Hole Punching, Peers Behind Multiple Levels of NAT 26 Experimental Procedures Initial Values Interval of Connecting 10 times (In each half an hour) Download Speed 234kbps Num of packets sent 50 Access Point Type Nokia Indoor Microcell Operator Orange with 2 Mbps (E1) 27 Experimental Procedures 28 Technology Evaluation  P2P Arrangements :  Direct P2P    Advantages : no intermediary node is needed Disadvantages : critical traffic in 3G network, bring security (each nodes should handle security by itself) Indirect P2P   Advantages : Security control bye middle nodes, communicate with public and private IP over other nodes Disadvantages : Authentication is required by the applications to eliminate such unexpected traffic 29 Sections Describes the Outcomes of the P2P Tests        Qnext Yahoo Messenger Google Talk MSN Messenger Skype SightSpeed(v6) Real Networks 30 Qnext (ver. 3.0)  Specifications :      Java-based Software Application Could not Establish a Direct P2P Session Stream all Traffic via a Common Central Node Use TCP Protocol instead of UDP for all usage Analysis : ( on 10-based LAN & direct p2p & UDP)   Unacceptable for real-time mobile video applications UDP hole punching process over the orange NAT Failed 31 Yahoo Messenger (ver. 8.1)  Specifications :    Call setup through implementing SIP & Laboratory Streams Audio & Video via a Central Node over TCP Analysis : (over 3G network)  Poor overall performance including Video Delays of Approximately 7 sec ‘glitchy’ & pixilated 32 Google Talk (beta)  Specifications :     Streamed Directly from P2P & over the UDP Extensible Messaging & Presence Protocol (XMPP) Audio & video Delay 3 sec Analysis :   Incoming & Outgoing Packets and Transmission was effectively Symmetrical Average Data Rates received is 13kbps 33 34 MSN Messenger (ver. 8.1)   Specifications :  Bidirectional Video Streaming  SIP Support  MSNMS Protocol over TCP to gather IP & Port details  Bi-directional Video Streaming & Direct P2P Analysis :  1sec Delay  56kbps Data Rates 35 Skype (ver. 3.0)  Specifications :      No Cost P2p Video Calls with millisecond over 3G Use Proprietary Protocols Transmission via Public IP address Analysis :    Data rate of 3-16kbps Average 58kbps on Upload path Average 195bytes packet size during video call 36 SightSpeed (ver. 6)  Specifications :     Use H.263 video codec Bi-directional video streaming performance 1sec direct P2P delay Analysis : Average packet size of 380 bytes (double than Skype)  4 times delay more than Skype  Higher quality picture than SKype  37 Real Networks  Free source software :    Drawing Streaming Server Helix Server Real Network products:    Helix Mobile producer Helix Server Real Player 38 Alternatives   Mobile Monitor IMS ( IP Multimedia Subsystem) 39 Conclusion     Sightspeed & Skype gave acceptable streaming performance in for (near) realtime video applications Sightspeed & Skype overcome the NAT issues involved and implemented a direct based P2P, bidirectional video streaming Mobile application designer can improve performance with suitable and tailored encoding and streaming formats such as MPEG4-part10(H264) & ACC CODECS Prove the feasibility of such mobile applications 40