صفحه 1:
Basic Principles of
Coordinate Measuring
machines
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صفحه 2:
Coordinate Measuring
Machines - Model
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صفحه 3:
Types of CMM
SS
Fixed Table Cantilever Moving Bridge Coordinate
Coordinate Measuring Machine Measuring Machine
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صفحه 4:
Types of CMM
Column Coordinate
Measuring Machine
Fixed Bridge Coordinate
Measuring Machine
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صفحه 5:
Moving Ram Horizontal Arm Moving Table Horizontal Arm
Coordinate Measuring Machine Coordinate Measuring Machine
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صفحه 6:
Types of CMM
Gantry Coordinate L-shaped Bridge
Measuring Machine Coordinate Measuring
Machine
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صفحه 7:
Types of CMM
Fixed Table Horizontal Arm Moving Table Cantilever Arm
Coordinate Measuring Machine Coordinate Measuring Machine
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صفحه 8:
Probe Systems
Kinematic touch trigger
probe
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صفحه 9:
Proximity Sensor
g J
arr
SS Light source
سماد مر
sensin
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صفحه 10:
Digital Solid-state
Laser Light
Source
30"
Measuring
Range
صفحه 11:
Automatic Axis Alignment
X,,, Y,, بیط - Work piece related coordinate
Xyp Yup Zy - Macitae Plated coordinate
system
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صفحه 12:
Measurement with a CMM
* Step 1: Calibration of the stylus or probe tip with
respect to the probe head reference point using a
calibrated ball.
* Step 2: Metrological determination of the work
piece position in the measuring machine-related.
coordinated system.
* Step 3: Measurement of the surface points on the
work piece in the measuring machine-related
coordinate system.
* Step 4: Evaluation of the geometric parameters
of the work piece
* Step 5: Representation of the measurement
results after coordinate transformation into the
work piece related coordinate system.
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صفحه 13:
Basic Geometric elements
Circle: Requires 3 points for
measurement: By measuring 4 (up to
50) or more points form deviation is
determined
Plane: Planar measurements require
4 or more points for form. The
intersection of Planes 2 and 3
generate Line 5; Point 6 is the
intersection of Plane 4 and Line 5
Cylinder: To define a cylinder, 5
points are necessary. Calculations
provide its axis and diameter. The
intersection of the Cylinder 7 and
Plane 4 is Line 8.
Cone: The cone (or taper) requires at
least 6 points for definition.
Calculations determine the cone’s
included angle and its axis in space.
Sphere: The location of a sphere is
found by measuring 4 points is also
plated.
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صفحه 14:
Calculated Solution - Distance
SYMBOL ال
Distance between
۳۳ two points
|
r Shortest distance
ia point to line
eee | Shortest distance
P= | Detwaen two ines
| distance
| كه point to plane
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صفحه 15:
Calculated Solution - Distance
feature
Distance between
point and nearest
point on circular fe-
ature
| Distance between
| Gr point and circular
Shortest distance
between line and
| circular feature
Shortest distance
between two circu-
larJeatures
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صفحه 16:
Calculated Solutions - Angle
SYMBOL
‘Angle between two
fines
٠ Angle between line
and plane
yur | Acute angles be-
tween two planes جسج
۲ 12
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صفحه 17:
Calculated Solutions - Plane
Average plane de-
fined by 4 to 20
points
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صفحه 18:
Calculated Solutions - Circle
SYMBOL RELATION EXAMPLE
Circle by ۶
OF 42
۳
Average circle ۹
| Hined by 4 10 2 6 |
j | points,
Rey |
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a)
صفحه 19:
Calculated Solutions - Cylinder
: SYMBOL RELATION نع
4 1 Average oe
ای by 60 20,
oe bh Cf
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صفحه 20:
Calculated Solutions - Sphere
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صفحه 21:
Calculated Solutions - Cone
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صفحه 22:
Data flow between CAD/CAM system and CMM
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صفحه 23:
Volume/Variety Options for
Inspection Equipment
Dedicated
automation
Dedicated ۴5
manual and
semiautomatic
gages
Lot size
Bench Manual occ
set-ups CMMs CMMs
Variety of parts
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صفحه 24:
Schematic Diagram of an FIS
[staging and indexing یس Inspection مر
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صفحه 25:
Distribution of points on a lobed
circle
{2} ix uniformly spaced points with complete fare to
و
و
مه
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صفحه 26:
Example of insufficient
sampling
se
Insufficient sampling of a high-frequency component results in a
low-frequency alias
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صفحه 27:
Function
Level
Random
Purpose of
۳ Measurement
Properties ofthe Measurement System Meas
نت بو
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صفحه 28:
Perfect Geometry
‘Add Form Error ‘Number of Lobes
Lobe Amplitude
[niform or Stratified Sampling
سسا
ا [___NumberofPoints [
]ا Starting Angie
‘Add Random Noise ——]_[~ Gaussian Distribution
3.0 Specified
Fit with Specific
Algor Repeat 40 Times
Compare Fit
Parameters to
“True” Values
Repeat with Different Number of Points
Display Results
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صفحه 29:
‘Comments Regarding Minimum Number
“Approximately three lines of three points
"To detect upto six lobes.
‘Aproximately three circles of three in
parallel planes.
‘Gircles in four planes for information on
5
Five points on each circle for information
‘on roundness.
‘Circles in four planes for information on
straightness,
Five points on each circle for information
‘on roundness,
3 12
15
6 12
15
‘Sphere
Cylinder
Cone
صفحه 30:
Minimum form error that could be detected by
certain number of points on certain lobes
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صفحه 31:
3 Lobe Circle
% Lobe Devel: Deterted
50.0 100.0
mber of Experiments
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