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Massage is manipulation of soft tissue
MTs can:
— Encourage healthy lifestyles habits
— Suggest general dietary modifications
— Teach self-care massage
— Perform general assessments &
formulate a plan of care
— Use hydrotherapy & aromatherapy to
enhance massage
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Cancer, a complex and
frightening disease, is a
leading cause of death in
the U.S., and the
incidence increases
markedly with advancing
merican Cancer Society estimates that
nearly 1.4 million people in the U.S. are diagnosed
with
cancer, and over 550,000 die of cancer, each year.
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brings fear, anxiety,
and stress, including:
Fear of death
Fear of the treatment
and disfigurement
Anxiety related to long-
term disability
Financial stress
The thought of cancer
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A knowledgeable, skilled therapist can
help the client by
* Reducing muscle tension
* Decreasing pain
* Promoting relaxation
* Improving sleep
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Bolsters immune function
Reduces or prevents edema
Decreases nausea
Reduces fatigue that affects
many patients with cancer
May improve the quality
and survival of skin during
radiation therapy
Massage also
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Gentle back massage was
given to patients with
breast cancer who were
undergoing radiation
therapy. They reported
increased degrees of
tranquility and vitality and
reduced tension and
fatigue after the
massage.2
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Massage reduced anxiety
and depression and
improved immune
function, including
increased natural killer
cell number in women
with breast cancer.3
Women diagnosed with
breast cancer received
massage therapy, which
increased their dopamine
levels, natural-killer cells,
and lymphocytes.4
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Massage given to hospitalized patients with
ovarian cancer, who were undergoing
chemotherapy. Patients who received
massage indicated reductions in anxiety,
depression, and pain.5
Children with leukemia were provided daily
massages by their parents. After a month,
depressed mood decreased in the children's
parents, and the children's white blood cell
and neutrophil counts increased.6
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Sometimes, receiving massage
from a caregiver is more
advantageous for the client.
Caregivers often feel helpless...
..and giving caregivers this
loving tool allows them to offer
something special to their
loved one in the form of a
simple hand or foot massage.
This approach benefits the giver
and the receiver of massage.
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Teaching self-massage may
help manage
uncomfortable symptoms.
This may include simple
instructions in
— Neck massage
— Shoulder massage
— Foot massage
— Abdominal massage
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+ Note discomfort and use
appropriate pressure
* Avoid
— Known tumor sites
—Cancerous lesions (e.g.,
skin cancers)
— Enlarged lymph nodes
— Irritated skin
— Ports
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* Note signs of
fatigue
* Take your clients
where they are at
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* Document
~ Client symptoms and
therapist your
observations
— Areas of the body
worked and avoided
— Techniques used
— How your client
tolerated prior
massage sessions
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* These are enormously
taxing on the body and
have undesirable side
effects, which include
— Hair loss
—Loss of organs or limbs
— Fatigue
— Anemia
— Skin changes from
radiation
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* Blood clots: avoid
massage to the lower
extremities as well as
over the incision site for
a wk to 10 days after
the client is ambulatory
* Edema: elevate, light '
stroking, massage 3d
proximal area first,
avoid use of heat
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irradiated areas
+ If fatigued, reduce
massage to 30
minutes, and use
lighter-than-normal
pressure
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۰ Postpone massage in ~~
cases of fever
* Reduce risk of
exposure to infections
* Remind client to move
slowly and carefully
and assist if needed
(i.e., dizzy spells)
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rocking motions and
aromatherapy
* If mouth sores, avoid
prone position and facial 2X
massage /
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۰ ۱۲ hair loss,
respect client
wishes about
having scalp
exposed or
unexposed and
touched
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Your manner and presence are as important as
the touch you offer.
Some clients need to cry, some need to express
anger, and others need to convey their fears.
Provide space for your clients to express their
feelings with your attitude of compassion.
Give your client respectful, attentive touch - it
will be a welcomed gift.
Cancer is a word, not a sentence. ~ John
Diamond
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Coussens LM, Werb Z: Inflammation and cancer, Nature
420(6917):860-867, 2002.
Frazier MS, Drzymkowski JW: Essentials of human diseases
and conditions, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2004, WB Saunders.
Gould BE: Pathophysiology for the health-related
professionals, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2006, WB Saunders.
Kern SE: Progressive genetic abnormalities in human
neoplasia. In Mendelsohn J et al, editors: The molecular basis
of cancer, Philadelphia, 2001, WB Saunders.
Kochanek KD et al: Deaths: final data for 2002. In: National
vital statistics reports, vol 53, no 5, Hyattsville, Md, 2004,
National Center for Health Statistics.
McCance KL, Huether SE: Pathophysiology: the biologic basis
for disease in adults and children, ed 5, St Louis, 2006,
Mosby.
Microsoft Office Clip Art
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Grealish L, Lomasney A, Whiteman B. Foot massage. A nursing
intervention to modify the distressing symptoms of pain and
nausea in patients hospitalized with cancer, Cancer Nurs 23:237-
243, 2000.
Sims S:Slow stroke back massage for cancer patients, Nurs
Times 82:47-50, 1986.
Hernandez-Reif M et al: Breast cancer patients have improve
immune and neuroendocrine function following massage
therapy, / Psychosom Res 57:45-52, 2003.
Hernandez-Reif M et al: Natural killer cells and lymphocytes are
increased in women with breast cancer following massage
therapy, /nt / Neurosci 115:495-510, 2005.
Lawvere S: The effect of massage therapy in ovarian cancer
patients. In: Rich G, editor: Massage therapy: the evidence for
practice, New York, 2002, Mosby Elsevier.
Field T et al: Leukemia immune changes following massage
therapy, / Bodywork Mov Ther 3:1-5, 2001.
