Diabet

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6 serious, common, costly, ...but controllable 

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FACTS ©» At least 194 m people worldwide suffer from diabetes; this figure is likely to be more than double by 2030 ° Around 4 m deaths every year are related to complications of ‏1365ل‎ 

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2030 م 370 2003 لع FACTS 2000 177m WHO figures 1985 | 1995 30m | 135m 

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COUNTRIES WITH THE LARGEST NUMBER OF PERSONS WITH DIABETES 1995 2000 2003 Country DM% million DM % million million INDIA 38 19.4 55 ‏را‎ ees CHINA 2.0 16.0 ٩ 207 ۰ 8 USA Ge leno se 1275 ۵ INDONESIA 4.1 4.5 6.5 ‏رضت‎ 

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COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST PREVALENCE IN ADULT POPULATION 2003 Country DM% UAE 70 033۲ 16 Bahrain 14.9 Kuwait 12.8 

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Oman Oman DM 11.6% Impaired G T 6.1% New cases per year 3548 = 0.18% Highest Incidence North Batna 25% of total PDO 2% (Potential Diabetes 4%) 75% High Lipid 

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What is Diabetes mellitus? ® DM or Sugar problem is a chronic disease characterised by very high blood sugar. Caused by inherited and/or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin receptors. © Type | -lack of production of Insulin; children and adolescents © Type II - inability to respond properly to the action of Insulin; adults, 90% 

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The Pancreas: Anatomy and Functions Biliary System Right Hepatic Duct 3 Left Hepatic Duct Pancreas Stomach Gallbladder | 7a ۰ ‘Common Hepatic Duct oo _- Pancreatic Duct Duodenum Cystic Duct Common Bile Duct 

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PANCREAS © The pancreas is a small structure located near the stomach and attached to the wall of the small intestine. © |t produces hormones (insulin, glucagon & somatostatin) to aid in the maintenance of a proper blood sugar (glucose) level. The hormones are secreted into the bloodstream. © It also produces important enzymes to aid in the digestion of protein and fats (lipids). These enzymes travel from the pancreas to the small intestine through a small tube called the 'pancreatic duct.' 

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CAUSAL FACTORS ‎hy‏ یل تك يا ‎history ° Drugs eC ‏ال‎ 1 « ‏وهووه ۱۱۱۱ 0۱۵۲ و تتدینت‎ ° Over- ° Surgery ‎eating&obesity ‏یا ارت زرا‎ ‎® Gestational Diabetes ‎baie erat) 

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Symptoms of Diabetes SOME or NONE of the following ® Frequent Urination © Excessive thirst ® Unexplained weight loss ® Extreme hunger ® Sudden visual changes ® Tingling or numbness in hands or ‏تنا‎ ° Feeling very tired most of the time ® Wounds that are slow to heal 

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DIAGNOSIS فتتی )رو( ‎Blood sugar test‏ ° © Glycosylated Haemoglobin: HbA1C 

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What is the Treatment? Type l Type Il ‏للكت ا تيا‎ © Diet control calculated diet 0 tl el te} bate ino eT Merit Ys Irer-y ated) activity and or insulin ® Insulin injections e Home blood © Home blood glucose testing glucose testing 

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Hypoglycemia © Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar. © What causes hypoglycemia? Taking too much insulin, Missing or delaying a meal, Exercising too much, Taking other medications. ®signs and symptoms dizziness, confusion, sweating, shaky ida) aalelach headache or even fainting. 

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Management of Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycaemia) ° Tell your family, friends, colleagues at work about signs/symptoms and how to treat low blood sugar. ® Carry medical card or tag ©» Eat or drink something that has sugar in it. Juice, sugar candy, milk etc. ° If unconscious don’t give anything by mouth-transfer to nearest clinic 

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Complications ® High blood pressure. ® Heart disease; 50% © Strokes. ° Nerve problems or Neuropathy; 50% ©» Blindness; 2% حت لحان كاك ه« ® Diabetic foot disease-amputation/ulcers x40 Be ew Am late ‏ور‎ 

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How do we prevent? ® Healthy and Balanced diet ©» Regular physical activities/exercise » Maintain Normal body weight ° Early detection 

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Prognosis is good. 

FACTS  At least 194 m people worldwide suffer from diabetes; this figure is likely to be more than double by 2030  Around 4 m deaths every year are related to complications of diabetes FACTS WHO figures 1985 1995 2000 2003 2030 30 m 135 m 177 m 194m 370 m COUNTRIES WITH THE LARGEST NUMBER OF PERSONS WITH DIABETES 1995 2000 2003 Country DM % million DM % million INDIA 3.8 CHINA 2.0 16.0 2.4 20.7 23.8 USA 7.8 13.8 7.8 17.5 16 4.5 6.5 8.5 INDONESIA 4.1 19.4 5.5 31.5 million 35.5 COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST PREVALENCE IN ADULT POPULATION 2003 Country DM % UAE 20.1 Qatar 16 Bahrain 14.9 Kuwait 12.8 Oman Oman DM 11.6% Impaired G T 6.1% New cases per year 3548 = 0.18% Highest Incidence North Batna 25% of total PDO Lipid 2% (Potential Diabetes 4%) 75% High What is Diabetes mellitus?  DM or Sugar problem is a chronic disease characterised by very high blood sugar. Caused by inherited and/or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin receptors.  Type I –lack of production of Insulin; children and adolescents  Type II – inability to respond properly to the action of Insulin; adults, 90% The Pancreas: Anatomy and Functions The Pancreas: Anatomy and Functions PANCREAS  The pancreas is a small structure located near the stomach and attached to the wall of the small intestine.  It produces hormones (insulin, glucagon & somatostatin) to aid in the maintenance of a proper blood sugar (glucose) level. The hormones are secreted into the bloodstream.  It also produces important enzymes to aid in the digestion of protein and fats (lipids). These enzymes travel from the pancreas to the small intestine through a small tube called the 'pancreatic duct.' CAUSAL FACTORS  Genetic/ Family history  Race  Stress  Overeating&obesity  Physical Inactivity  Gestational Diabetes  Drugs  Infection  Other illnesses  Surgery  Autoimmune Symptoms of Diabetes SOME or NONE of the following  Frequent Urination  Excessive thirst  Unexplained weight loss  Extreme hunger  Sudden visual changes  Tingling or numbness in hands or feet  Feeling very tired most of the time  Wounds that are slow to heal DIAGNOSIS  Urine strip test  Blood sugar test  Glycosylated Haemoglobin: HbA1C What is the Treatment? Type I  Strict carefully calculated diet  Planned physical activity  Insulin injections  Home blood glucose testing Type II  Diet control  Exercise  Oral medication and or insulin  Home blood glucose testing Hypoglycemia  Hypoglycemia is low blood sugar.  What causes hypoglycemia? Taking too much insulin, Missing or delaying a meal, Exercising too much, Taking other medications.  signs and symptoms dizziness, confusion, sweating, shaky tremors, headache or even fainting. Management of Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycaemia)  Tell your family, friends, colleagues at work about signs/symptoms and how to treat low blood sugar.  Carry medical card or tag  Eat or drink something that has sugar in it. Juice, sugar candy, milk etc.  If unconscious don’t give anything by mouth-transfer to nearest clinic Complications  High blood pressure.  Heart disease; 50%  Strokes.  Nerve problems or Neuropathy; 50%  Blindness; 2%  Kidney failure  Impotence  Diabetic foot disease-amputation/ulcers X40  Consume 10% of Nation’s Health Budget How do we prevent?  Healthy and Balanced diet  Regular physical activities/exercise  Maintain Normal body weight  Early detection Prognosis is good.