DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD

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DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD 1. First Americans----- Pre-Columbian 

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°Pre- Columbian time period. °First Americans came from Asia *Crossed the Bering Strait during the Ice Age °Following a food source هم رامین 0 *Gradual migration 

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Early Human Possible Migrations of the First American: _ 9 ۳ ASIA =) SOUTH ۱ ==p> 1:t Migration, 38,000- AMERICA 2 1 1800 BCE “= 2"4 Migration, c. 3 10,000-4,000 BCE 

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eo Cortés conquest <1 Pizar's conquest << 15-1535 mm ۷ J ‏دونه‎ ATLANTIC OCEAN Columbus voyages <-> 1498-1500 <— 1500-1504 SR Ming area 5 Siver G Gold OCEAN a Aatecenpire ۳ ‏ار‎ ‎WD haacrmpire PACIFIC. GALAPAGOS |S. 

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COLTPURNL GUSTES, WHITE EUROPEANS *Used the land for economic needs *Clearing the land, destroying hunting areas and fencing it off into private property ¢Divided the land and selling it for monetary value. NATIVE AMERICANS °Relationship with environment as part of their religion -Need to hunt for survival *Ownership meant access to the things the land 

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DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD 1. First Americans----- Pre-Columbian 2. Europe Exploration ¢ Causes امع |« «| 1 ¢ Effects 

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nec Cases of » European Explorations 

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Earlier Explorations 7. Islam& the SpiceTrade > Si(k Road 2. New Player > Europe % Nicolo,Maffeo,& Marco Polo, 1277 ‎Expansion becomesa state‏ كا ‎enterprise > monarchs hadthe‏ ‎authority & the resources.‏ ‎© Better seaworthy ships. 

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هوه تلن رد3 ‎Exploration‏ Crusades > by-passintermediariesto get toAsia. Renaissance > curiosity about other Candsand peoples. Reformation > refugees & missionaries. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. Technological advances. Fameandfortune. 1۰ 

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New Maritime °Technologies~..: (1532) Mariner's Compass 

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New Weapons Technology 

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INDIAN OCEAN “<— Overland trade routes ‏ها‎ Seatrade routes ١ tendon” gs Oi 7 0 ‏لب‎ 2. 7 Genoa, ATLANTIC Madd OCEAN tisbon, “+ ع 5 مقعلا ۷ | لس ات 

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European trade routes CHINA (EAST INDIES) ۳ د INDONESIA (EAST INDIES) 02.000 mies a ‏و‎ 1,000 2,000 klometers ۱ ASIA PERSIA INDIA ‏بو‎ MADAGASCAR: ‎Trade routes‏ ها ‎Portuguese explorers‏ —< ‎1434 Extent of Portuguese exploration ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎EUROPE ‎ ‎ ‎ 

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Direct Causes = 3 G's ۰ Poticd: @eoowe 3 world power troudk yaa wells ‏لجنا لت‎ (@LORY) ۰ ‏یمسج‎ Geock Por vew trade routes wi drevt woes 0 sted Priced hocury qoods would eartck tediuiduds ved thet cots (GOLO) ° Religious: spread Okristadiy ved weoked Oidde Costera DOuwskrs. (GOO) The 3 motives reinforce each other 

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eo Cortés conquest <1 Pizar's conquest << 15-1535 mm ۷ J ‏دونه‎ ATLANTIC OCEAN Columbus voyages <-> 1498-1500 <— 1500-1504 SR Ming area 5 Siver G Gold OCEAN a Aatecenpire ۳ ‏ار‎ ‎WD haacrmpire PACIFIC. GALAPAGOS |S. 

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Treasures from the Americas! 35 Value of Gold and Silver trom Spanish America 30 25 Millions 0 of Pesos 15 10 5 

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NORTH AMERICA AZTEC swangzhoy PACIFIC = "OCEAN سس 7 209 SOUTH lA AMERICA PACIFIC OCEAN AUSTRALIA | TradingzZones _—_—European Explorations to 1500 nb > is 1487-8) ‏سم‎ TransAslanMongol<-» clumbus 1493-38) ‏سم‎ European ‏نه‎ Cabot 1457) ‏مهوت ارس‎ <== da ama(1457-96 ‏ی هس سود رو‎ Fo iene 

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ARCTIC OCEAN AMERICA ATLANTIC PACIFIC OCEAN AUSTRALIA \ <— Portuguese trade routes 1 Portuguese contro ‏ده‎ 0 EB Spanish contro! <— Dutch trade routes 119 Dutch contrat {ee <— other major trade routes 

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سه مسي يم ‎Portuguese control‏ ‎Spanish contol‏ =< ‎Russian empire in 1763‏ 

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1750 British claims RUSSIAN. AMERICA ATLANTIC OCEAN PACIFIC — OCEAN BEONIBA 0 1000 miles: ۵ 800 1000 Kilometers 

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ROPEAN EXPLORATION = 1400 TO 1600 EFFECTS *Europeans reach and settle Americas *Expanded knowledge of world geography *Growth of trade, mercantilism and capitalism *Indian conflicts over land and impact of disease on Indian populations eIntroduction of the institution of slavery Columbian Exchange 

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ATLANTIC OCEAN oe NORTH «Get 0 el => 4 1506 تا 0500 AFRICA SOUTH AMERICA 

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PACIFIC OCEAN 

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Columbian Exchange or the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa 

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DISCOVERY OF A NEW WORLD 1. First Americans----- Pre-Columbian 2. Europe Exploration * Causes * Indirect ٠ Direct ° Effects . European Colonization Spain Portugal France Dutch ۰ ۰ ٠. ٠ ‏ين‎ 

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Guropews Ovlouizuiog * Ouve te Dew Oork ts dscvered, te Big € Pow Curopeun panies boys powpeter| Por coco oP Dork - Opa ٠ Whe power since ultrdely lead to severd wos. 

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۰ ‏تاه صعحجسم ب نس مممويق‎ * Grot ta Catbbeu, theo Ordird ved Gouk Owertca—aoet eoportet Se veendlolcP Cakes by Cores (COG) clare by Pees (aseaq) ۰ rst ger woe cobs to what wil becvowe Outed Grates ae = Ot @xewtce (Pork) & Pounded (1888) te protect Gpacicls ‏بط یس‎ 

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Explorers Sailing For Spain ° Columbus - Italian sailing for Spain - Landed in the “West Indies” - 1492 ° Magellan - Portuguese sailing for Spain - 1st to circumnavigate the world - 1522 

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Columbus’ Four Voyages 0 100200 miles 0 200 kilometers’ BAHAMAS Caribbean Sea % 0 <a SOUTH AMERICA 

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1,900 2,000 miles 0 1,000 2,000 kilometers PACIFIC OCEAN 9 Area known to Europeans before 1450 Portuguese strongholds by c. 1500, ‘= Portuguese expeditions 14305-1480 ‘= Bartholomeu Dias, 1487-1488 += Columbus's first voyage, 1492 ‘+= John Cabot, 1497 {Demarcation tne, = Vasco da Gama, 1497-1499 | Tet of Tors, 1494 += Amerigo Vespucci, 1499-1502 ‘= Ferdinand Magellan, 1519-1522 

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Explorers Sailing From Hispaniola * De Leon - colonist of Hispaniola - Established colony at Puerto Rico - Sailed north looking for Fountain of Youth - Discovered Florida - 1508 ¢ Balboa - colonist of Hispaniola - Established settlement in Panama - 1st European to see Pacific Ocean - 1513 ¢ de Coronado - Spain - Explored north from Mexico; up Colorado River; saw Grand Canyon -1540 * de Soto - Spain - Explored Florida into Carolina’s and west to the Mississippi River - 1541 

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۰ ۱۷/۵5 ‏لحه حدم © سا ۲ بلح م1 - »)با‎ @ortuct - Guild to ‏لس ع|‎ - Owerty is his First cawe (where we «et “Bwericd’) - IGOd 

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Spanish Exploratio ۱ n *Columbus *Balboa *Cortes *Pizarro *De Leon *De Soto *Coronado *Vespucci ee sae fh ATLANTIC OCEAN 

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۳ pire by the 00 consisted of the *part of North America *Central America “Caribbean Islands *Much of South ۲ ۱ ee NORTH AMERICA PACIFIC OCEAN سب 5 

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First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs Cortes conquered Aztec Empire in 8 19 = 5 5 

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Mexico Surrenders to 

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First Spanish Conquests: The Incas Pizarro conquered Incan Empire in modern day Peru in 1532 

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ARCTIC OCEAN AMERICA ATLANTIC PACIFIC OCEAN AUSTRALIA \ <— Portuguese trade routes 1 Portuguese contro ‏ده‎ 0 EB Spanish contro! <— Dutch trade routes 119 Dutch contrat {ee <— other major trade routes 

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Cycle of Conquest & Colonization 00 559 

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The Colonial Class System Peninsulares —_ Spanish Creoles Spanish and Black mixture. Spanish Mulattes Indian American mixture, and) Black mixture Native Indians Black Slaves 

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The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church 

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Father Bartolomé de Las S Believed Native Americans had : been treated _.| harshly by the Spanish. «Indians could be educated and ‘| converted to Christianized. *Believed Indian culture was advanced as European but in > Dew Laue ۲ ۰ 

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ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM 1. Spanish practice of securing an adequate and cheap labor supply = FEUDALISM *“granted” to deserving subjects of the King 2. Conquistador controlled Indian populations *Required Indians to pay tribute from their lands *Indians often rendered personal services as well. 3. In return the conquistador was obligated to *protect his wards *instruct them in the Christian faith *defend their right to use the to live off the land 

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‎tv Dsia.....‏ و ارت ‎Por oo ul‏ وكات وجو ‎° Dre Portuguese were the First to beg — Cra Wey te Owner - ‎ ‎* Oolotzed the Gouk @werirs to he aed oP what would becowe Brazil 

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Explorers Salling FOr Portugal ° Prince Henry the Navigator - Portugal - Funded Exploration down coast of Africa - 1419-1460 ° Dias - Portugal - Rounded the Cape of Good Hope - 1488 ° da Gama - Portugal - Opened trade with India - Placed Portugal in position to dominate trade with India - 1498 ° Cabral - Portugal - Claimed present day Brazil for Portugal - 1500 

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سمخ سا CHINA (EAST INDIES) ۳ د INDONESIA (EAST INDIES) 02.000 mies a ‏و‎ 1,000 2,000 klometers ۱ ASIA PERSIA INDIA ‏بو‎ MADAGASCAR: ‎Trade routes‏ ها ‎Portuguese explorers‏ —< ‎1434 Extent of Portuguese exploration ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎EUROPE ‎ ‎ ‎ 

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ARCTIC OCEAN AMERICA ATLANTIC PACIFIC OCEAN AUSTRALIA \ <— Portuguese trade routes 1 Portuguese contro ‏ده‎ 0 EB Spanish contro! <— Dutch trade routes 119 Dutch contrat {ee <— other major trade routes 

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The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1434 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation, roe ۳ ۱ 

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COLONIAL PERIOD COLONIZATION IS A NATURAL OUTGROWTH OF EXPLORATION MERCANTILISM - COLONIES EXIST TO BENEFIT THE MOTHER COUNTRY 3 MAJOR COUNTRIES TOOK THE LEAD IN COLONIZING THE NEW WORLD * SPAIN FRANCE * ENGLAND 

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SPAIN IN AMERICA SPANISH OBJECTIVES IN THE NEW WORLD o WEALTH o POWER & GLORY 0 EXPAND BOUNDARIES 06 SPREAD RELIGION COLONIES LOCATED IN SOUTH AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICA & SOUTHERN NORTH AMERICA 

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SPAIN IN AMERICA SPANISH SOCIETY IN THE NEW WORLD PENINSULARIE - PURE SPANISH TREOLES - PART SPANISH / PART EUROPEAN EUROPEAN MESTIZO - PART SPANISH / PART INDIAN MULATTO - PART SPANISH / PART inpian AFRICAN AFRICAN ZAMBO .- PART INDIAN / PART AFRICAN 

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SPAIN IN AMERICA SPANISH GOVERNMENT DOMINATED COLONIAL AFFAIRS SPANISH WERE SEEKERS OF WEALTH SPANISH ENSLAVED THE INDIANS RELIGION (ROMAN CATHOLIC) PLAYS A BIG ROLE 

1. First Americans-----Pre-Columbian •PreColumbian time period. •First Americans came from Asia •Crossed the Bering Strait during the Ice Age •Following a food source •Gradual migration Early EarlyHuman HumanMigrations Migrations 1st Migration, 38,0001800 BCE 2nd Migration, c. 10,000-4,000 BCE Culture area WHITE EUROPEANS •Used the land for economic needs •Clearing the land, destroying hunting areas and fencing it off into private property •Divided the land and selling it for monetary value. NATIVE AMERICANS •Relationship with environment as part of their religion •Need to hunt for survival •Ownership meant access to the things the land 1. First Americans-----Pre-Columbian 2. Europe Exploration • Causes • Indirect • Direct • Effects notes Earlier Explorations 1. Islam & the Spice Trade  Silk Road 2. New Player  Europe Nicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271 Expansion becomes a state enterprise  monarchs had the authority & the resources. Better seaworthy ships. Motives Motivesfor forEuropean European Exploration Exploration 1. Crusades  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia. 2. Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. 3. Reformation  refugees & missionaries. 4. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. 5. Technological advances. 6. Fame and fortune. New Maritime Better Maps Technologies Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant New Weapons Technology 15th century trade European trade routes Direct Causes = 3 G’s • Political: Become a world power through gaining wealth and land. (GLORY) • Economic: Search for new trade routes with direct access to Asian/African luxury goods would enrich individuals and their nations (GOLD) • Religious: spread Christianity and weaken Middle Eastern Muslims. (GOD) The 3 motives reinforce each other Treasures from the Americas! EFFECTS •Europeans reach and settle Americas •Expanded knowledge of world geography •Growth of trade, mercantilism and capitalism •Indian conflicts over land and impact of disease on Indian populations •Introduction of the institution of slavery •Columbian Exchange explorers Columbian Exchange or the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa * Squash * Turkey * Cocoa * Peanut * Avocado * Pumpkin * Pineapple * Tomato * Peppers * Tobacco * Cassava * Vanilla * Olive * Onion * Grape * Citrus Fruits * Cattle * Flu * Diptheria * Coffee Beans * Turnip * Peach * Pear * Sheep * Typhus * Whooping Cough * Sweet Potatoes * Quinine * POTATO * MAIZE * Syphilis * Banana * Honeybee * Sugar Cane * Wheat * Pig * Measles * Rice * Barley * Oats * HORSE * Smallpox * Malaria 1. First Americans-----Pre-Columbian 2. Europe Exploration • Causes • Indirect • Direct • Effects 3. European Colonization • Spain • Portugal • France • Dutch European Colonization European Colonization • Once the New World is discovered, the Big 4 four European countries begin competing for control of North America and the world…. – Spain – England – France – Portugal • This power struggle ultimately leads to several wars. • Spanish first to pursue colonization • Start in Caribbean, then Central and South America—most important was conquest of Aztecs by Cortez (1521) and Incas by Pizzaro (1531) • First permanent colonies in what will become United States are founded by Spain – St. Augustine (Florida) is founded (1565) to protect Spanish treasure fleets Explorers Sailing For Spain •Columbus - Italian sailing for Spain - Landed in the “West Indies” 1492 •Magellan - Portuguese sailing for Spain - 1st to circumnavigate the world - 1522 Columbus’ Four Voyages Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World Explorers Sailing From Hispaniola • De Leon - colonist of Hispaniola - Established colony at Puerto Rico - Sailed north looking for Fountain of Youth - Discovered Florida - 1508 • Balboa - colonist of Hispaniola - Established settlement in Panama - 1st European to see Pacific Ocean - 1513 • de Coronado - Spain - Explored north from Mexico; up Colorado River; saw Grand Canyon -1540 • de Soto - Spain - Explored Florida into Carolina’s and west to the Mississippi River - 1541 Explorers Sailing For Spain & Portugal • Vespucci - Italian sailing for both Spain and Portugal - Sailed to the America’s - Amerigo is his first name (where we get “America”) - 1501 Spanish Exploratio n Columbus   Balboa Cortes  Pizarro  De Leon  De Soto   Coronado Vespucci  Spanish empire by the 1600’s consisted of the part of North America  Central America  Caribbean Islands  Much of South  First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs Cortes conquered Aztec Empire in 1519 and took control of modern day Mexico. vs. Hernando Cortés Montezuma Montezuma II II Mexico Surrenders to Cortés First Spanish Conquests: The Incas Pizarro conquered Incan Empire in modern day Peru in 1532 vs. Francisco Francisco Pizarro Atahualpa Atahualpa Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers European Colonial Empire Conquis tadores ion s is M Permanent Settlers ir es a The Colonial Class System Peninsulares Spanish ancestory Mestizos Spanish and Indian mixture Native Indians Creoles Spanish and Black mixture. Mulattos White American and Black mixture Black Slaves The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Our Lady of Guadalupe Guadalajara Cathedral Spanish Mission Father Bartolomé de Las Casas•Believed Native Americans had been treated harshly by the Spanish. •Indians could be educated and converted to Christianized. •Believed Indian culture was advanced as European but in different ways. ► New Laws --> 1542 1. Spanish practice of securing an adequate and cheap labor supply = FEUDALISM •“granted” to deserving subjects of the King 2. Conquistador controlled Indian populations •Required Indians to pay tribute from their lands •Indians often rendered personal services as well. 3. In return the conquistador was obligated to •protect his wards •instruct them in the Christian faith •defend their right to use the to live off the land European Colonization • The Portuguese were the first to begin searching for an all water route to Asia….. – Prince Henry the Navigator – 1450’s • Colonized the South America in the area of what would become Brazil Explorers Sailing For Portugal • Prince Henry the Navigator - Portugal Funded Exploration down coast of Africa 1419-1460 • Dias - Portugal - Rounded the Cape of Good Hope - 1488 • da Gama - Portugal - Opened trade with India - Placed Portugal in position to dominate trade with India - 1498 • Cabral - Portugal - Claimed present day Brazil for Portugal - 1500 European trade routes The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1434 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation, 1493 COLONIAL PERIOD COLONIZATION IS A NATURAL OUTGROWTH OF EXPLORATION MERCANTILISM - COLONIES EXIST TO BENEFIT THE MOTHER COUNTRY 3 MAJOR COUNTRIES TOOK THE LEAD IN COLONIZING THE NEW WORLD  SPAIN FRANCE  ENGLAND SPAIN IN AMERICA SPANISH OBJECTIVES IN THE NEW WORLD o WEALTH o POWER & GLORY o EXPAND BOUNDARIES o SPREAD RELIGION COLONIES LOCATED IN SOUTH AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICA & SOUTHERN NORTH AMERICA SPAIN IN AMERICA SPANISH SOCIETY IN THE NEW WORLD PENINSULARIE - PURE SPANISH S CREOLES - PART SPANISH / PART EUROPEAN EUROPEAN MESTIZO - PART SPANISH / PART INDIAN MULATTO - PART SPANISH / PART AFRICAN INDIAN AFRICAN ZAMBO - PART INDIAN / PART AFRICAN SPAIN IN AMERICA SPANISH GOVERNMENT DOMINATED COLONIAL AFFAIRS SPANISH WERE SEEKERS OF WEALTH SPANISH ENSLAVED THE INDIANS RELIGION (ROMAN CATHOLIC) PLAYS A BIG ROLE