Historical Events in Healthcare

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Introduction to Health Occupations Historical Events in Healthcare 

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Primitive Times ° 4000 BC - 3000 BC oBelieved that illness and disease was caused by spirits and demons OHerbs and plants used as medicines oTrepanation, boring a hole in the skull was used to treat mental illness, epilepsy and headache oAverage life span 20 years ‏هده‎ 

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Ancient Egyptians ° 3000 BC - 300 BC olmhotep - God of Healing oCalled upon the gods to heal them oBelieved diseases was caused by spiritual beings. Spells and magic were used to treat. 0 “These words are to be spoken ¢ Spirit, male of female, who lurk my limbs, get out of my flesh. G: was a remedy for a mother and « oAverage life span 20-30 ۷ 

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Ancient Chinese ° 1700 BC - 220 AD oBelieve that the mind, the body oot: fhe spirit are all equally necessary when it comes to the health of the person oRecorded use of herbs for medication oBegan to search for medical reasons for illness oAverage life span 20-30 years 

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Ancient Greeks ° 1200 BC - 200 BC oBegan modern medical science by observing human body and the effects of disease oHippocrates is called the Father of Medicine 0 Recorded signs and symptoms of disea 0 Crp * ethics calle Hil =< J today) 

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Ancient Greeks, continued oAristotle dissected animals and is called he founder of comparative anatomy oUsed massage and art therapy, and herbal treatments that are still used today OStressed diet and cleanliness as a way to prevent illness oAverage life span 25-35 years 

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Ancient Romans Aesculapius ۰753 BC - 410 AD * Studied the Greek Medic OFirst to organize medical care for injured soldiers oO Diet, exercise, and medication were used to treat disease a Began public health and sanitation systems ۲ Created aqueducts to carry clean water 0 Built sewers to carry waste materials away 0 Average life expectancy 25 to 35 years 

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Bell Work January 9 1. Who is called the Father of Medicine? 2. Which culture believes that the mind, the body and the spirit are all equally necessary when it comes to the health of the person? 3. What is the term for boring a hole in the skull was used to treat mental illness, epilepsy and headache? 

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Dark Ages is a period of both cultural and economic deterioration that took place in Western Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire. ° 400 - 800 AD oEmphasis was placed on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited OUse of prayer to treat illness and disease oMonks and priests provided care oAverage life span 20-30 years 

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Middle Ages ۰: 800 AD - 1400 AD 5 oRenewed interest in the medical practice by the Greeks and Romans OFirst medical universities in the 9 Century oBubonic Plague killed from % - % of Europe and Asia’s population - spread by infected bite of a flea oUsed animal gut for suture material oAverage life span 20-35 years 

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Renaissance ۰ 1350 - 1650 AD oDissection of the body lead to a better understanding of anatomy & physiology OMichaelangelo and da Vinci used dissection to draw the human body more realistically oFirst published anatomy book (Andreas Vesalius) oAverage life span 30-40 yea 

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16% and 17‘ Century OCauses of diseases were still not known and many people died from infections oAnton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope in 1666 oApothecaries (early pharmacies) made, prescribed, and sold medications oAverage life span 35-45 years 

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January 10 and 11 * What invention in the 17" Century led to the discovery of bacteria and viruses? ¢ The microscope * Who drew the Anatomical Man during the Renaissance? ° Leonardo da Vinci 

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18% Century oGabriel Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer oBenjamin Franklin invented bifocals for glasses ojohn Hunter, an English surgeon established surgical proce introduced feeding tubes OAverage life span 40-50 

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19% Century oFlorence Nightengale became the founder of modern nursing and established efficient and sanitary nursing units during the Crimean War of 1854 oClara Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1881 cAverage life span 40-6( sam 

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20% Century oWalter Reed found that mosquitoes carry yellow fever oSigmund Freud’s studies became a foundation for psychology and psychiatry oAlexander Fleming discovered penicillin aojonas Salk develop the polio vaccine oLiver transplants, lung transplants, test tube babies, cloning sheep, HIV, etc oAverage life span 60-70 years 

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From here......... ° Leeches Bloodletting 

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Where are we headed? ¢ Cures for HIV, heart disease, cancer, diabetes. ° Stem cell research to find cures for genetic disorder * Methods to slow the aging process ° Average life span 90-100 years. © 

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medieval period it was believed that he remains, or ‘relics’, of saints and martyrs possessed miraculous healing properties. 00 pilgeims often travelled eee reece 5200010 cs NEST Benny associated with them eo een baby Jesus, a thorn from the crown of thorns, and the Staff of Jesus. In 1538, at the beginning Bee ety 00 ee Cae) f Laurence O'Toole, ae id mouth abscess Pere oho eee rece eee co med by barber-surgeons who extracted tecth ete | eae 226 a coe ۱ Re ee pee ee aaa ashes of burnt rosemary. ee ce a eee ec n. These worked in much th sey, still served on our plat renee. 

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enn thought to be an imbalance in Pee crs ‏ا ,فصو - یمین‎ | ‏اه ناسا مدرم‎ eee ‏اق‎ ۰ وب ده مه عیدب دح سا ۱ ‎eran‏ و رز ‎ee Sean‏ رسع و ‎peso cian aa‏ فسا ۱ هد هسام با ‎ea‏ ای 

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Presentation for Friday (Monday) ° Pick a culture, idea, person, anything in historical medicine that is of interest to you to share with us on Friday ° You will have three to five minutes to share what you learned. 

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Bell Work Friday 1/13 ° What does the term of paraskevidekatriaphobics mean? Guess... o Having a morbi 13th or irrational fear of Friday the 

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Bell Work 1/18, 1/19 ° Do we have extracurricular activities available to you at CTHS? ° What is a CTSO? 

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Trends in Health Care ° Growth - one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the United States ° Employment opportunities - employs over 10 million workers in over 200 careers * Cost - it is a two billion dollar per day business and growing 

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Types of Services ° Inpatient services (e.g., hospitals, long-term care 4 3 ° Outpatient services (e.g., clinics, provider offices) ° Specialty services (e.g., laboratories, mental health) = 3 ya 

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Health Care Facilities ° Laboratories ° Home health care ° Hospice agencies ° Mental health facilitie * Genetic counseling cent ‏رس‎ ° Rehabilitation facilities joi ۹ ° Health maintenance oe Se organizations (HMOs) ‏اس‎ * School health services ‘y° 

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Health Care Facilities® ° Hospitals ۰ ° Long-term care facilities (LTC or r LTCF) ° Medical offices * Dental offices ° Optical centers ° Emergency care servid e And many more.......... 

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Trends in Health Cz 2 * Changes in Health Care oMany events lead to changes in health care oChanges in health roar care are inevitable Rie kepamvan DR = 2 010 er exo a and occur rapidly "Seay FOUND — oHealth care ‏لل‎ ‎workers must be ‏ع‎ ‎flexible and keep a pace with the TSESTRESS Sar rapid changes 

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Current Issues ° Improving Access to Health Coverage oObama care, socialized medicine ° Keeping Healthcare Affordable cHow can we keep healthcare affordable for all people * Improving Quality and Safety OProposal requiring increased quality healthcare, and consistent good care. ° Improving Consumer Health OKeeping people well by increasing positive lifestyle choices. 

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Past, Present, and Future Trends e Advances in the past that impact care today ° Current changes and challenges that are changing the face of health care ° Projected discoveries that will change the future of health care