RESEARCH ON HERBAL DRUGS FOR POULTRY & LIVESTOCK
اسلاید 1: www.tabaye.ir
اسلاید 2: RESEARCH ON HERBAL DRUGS FOR POULTRY & LIVESTOCKCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 3: BACKGROUND INFORMATIONCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 4: Two researches on local herbal plants conductedCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE Herbal drugs for Haemophilus paragallinarum infection Herbal drugs for Haemonchus contortus infection
اسلاید 5: OBJECTIVES OF TWO RESEARCHESCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 6: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE Screen the inhibitory activity of local plants used by local farmers against infectious coryza/haemonchusis Find out the local practices adopted by farmers in using plants for infectious coryza/haemonchusis Determine the LD50 and ED50 of plant drugs Determine the shelf-life of plant drugs Find out the quality of binders of tablet forms of the plant drugs for infectious coryza
اسلاید 7: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE MATERIALS AND METHODS
اسلاید 8: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINESteps: Consultation with farmers Identification of local plants Diagnosis of diseases Culture of causative agents of diseases In vitro assay of local plants for their bactericidal/larvicidal actions Pharmacologic studies of herbal drugs Quality control study of herbal drugs
اسلاید 9: Farmer ConsultationsCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE Interview with local farmers on: Clinical signs of a particular disease in poultry/livestock Local plants for treatment of a particular disease in poultry/livestock Identification of local plants used by farmers Preparation & dosage level of a particular herb
اسلاید 10: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEDiagnosis of diseases based on clinical signs Isolation of Haemonchus contortus Blood agar/nutrient broth culture Isolation of Haemophilus paragallinarum in pure culture Gram staining & Biochemical tests Culture of eggs & infection of goats Infection and isolation of H. paragallinarum
اسلاید 11: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINECulture of Infective Stage for In Vitro Assay Blood agar Stock of pure culture of H. paragallinarum Supply of eggs for culture of H. contortus Infection of goats with L3s for supply of eggs
اسلاید 12: Identification of Infected Goatsby fecalysisCollection of Fecal SampleFecalysis (Floatation Technique)Infected GoatsIdentifiedCulture Feces for L3sof H. contortus Retrieval & Identification of L3sL3s of H. contortus3 Goats InfectedWith L3s**Source of eggs for culture of L3s Collect fecesCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEisolation of eggs of H. contortus
اسلاید 13: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 14: Culture of Haemonchus larvaeMoistened cotton wads placed at the bottom of shot glassFeces from infected goats macerated and placed on top of cotton wadsSides of shot glass filled with tap waterCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 15: Culture of Haemonchus larvaeCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEShot glass in Culture glass, filled with water up to the brim of shot glassCulture glass covered with wrappings andincubated at room temperature for 6 days
اسلاید 16: Recovery of Infected Larvae (L3) of H. ContortusRemoval of wrappings of shot glassWater in the culture glass transferred into petri plateInfective Larvae (L3s) recovered in Petri plate identifiedCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 17: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 18: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE Preparation of Plant Extracts: Decoction using 1:2 (w/v) Dried plant parts were boiled for 15 minutes Crude extracts were filtered Filtrate was concentrated in a rotavapor (40oC) until volume was reduced to 1/3 of its original volume Concentrated plant extract was placed in the oven (60oC) overnight Plant residues were collected & kept in the fridge for 1 wk.
اسلاید 19: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN VITRO ASSAYS OF LOCAL PLANT EXTRACTS
اسلاید 20: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINETechniques Used in In Vitro Assay Sensitivity test of Carter for Haemophilus gallinarum Larvicidal test for Haemophilus gallinarum
اسلاید 21: RESULTS COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 22: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEPlants and Parts used by local farmers for the treatment against H. paragallinarum infection in chicken (Fernandez, 1990)Scientific NamesCommon NamesLocal NamesPlant PartsAnanas squamosaSweet SopAtisLeavesCapsicum frutescensWild PepperSiling labuyoFruitsChrysanthemum indicumMansaninyaHilbasLeavesCitrus grandisPomeloBuongonRindsColeus aromaticusOreganoKaraboLeavesColeus blumei-Mayana (red)LeavesHelianthus annuus*SunflowerSunflowerSeedsHeliotropium indicumElephant GrassTrompa ElefanteLeavesSpondias pinnata-LibasLeavesSolanum spp.-Terramycin PlantFruitsZingiber officinaleGingerLuyaRoot*Fruits given raw to sick birds
اسلاید 23: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEIn vitro assay of plant extracts* vs H. paragallinarum **Sensi discs, BBL Microbiological systemsTreatment No.Plant ExtractsZone of Inhibition (cm)Zone of Inhibition (cm)Treatment No.Plant ExtractsAfter 1 hAfter 24 hT0(-)Distilled WaterNZNZTO(+)Streptomycin disc**35T1Anona squamosa1NZT2Capsicum frutescensNZNZT3Chrysanthemum indicumNZNZT4Citrus grandis1.5NZT5Coleus aromaticusNZNZT6Coleus blumeiNZNZT7Helianthus annuusNZNZT8Heliotropium indicum36T9Spondias pinnata23T10Solanum spp.NZNZT11Zingiber officinale1NZ*1:2 (w/v) 1 part plant part: 2 parts distilled water by decoction, amount in each wellwas 0.05ml
اسلاید 24: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEIn vivo assay of plant extracts* against H. paragallinarum infection in chicken (Lohman)*1:2 (w/v) 1 part plant part: 2 parts distilled water by decoction, amount given to each bird was 5ml, given per osTreatment No. PlantsNo. of Birds ExaminedWater Eye & Nasal DischargeFacial SwellingMucus in Upper Respiratory TractCongested LungsTO Untreated Control44444T1Anona squamosa64330T2Capsicum frutescens63663T3Chrysanthemum indicum64552T4Citrus grandis63330T5Coleus aromaticus54440T6Coleus blumei62221T7Helianthus annuus52221T8Heliotropium indicum50000T9Spondias pinnata63330T10Solanum spp.63440T11Zingiber officinale51220
اسلاید 25: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 26: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEChicken Showing Clinical Signs of Haemophilus paragallinarum Infection
اسلاید 27: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEChicken Showing Clinical Signs of Haemophilus paragallinarum Infection
اسلاید 28: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEPercent efficacy* of plant water extract by decoction according to animalspecies against Haemonchus contortus (Fernandez, 1991)PlantsChicken (% Efficacy)Swine (% Efficacy)Goat (% Efficacy)Ananas comosus (fruit)63.359.152.3Ananas comosus (leaves)NI54..756.7Mangifera indica60.058.256.7Manihot esculenta53.452.050.8Tamarindus indica59.458.455.6Moringa oleifera69.064.761.5Artemisia vulgaris57.656.353.3Mimosa pudicaNINI79.7**Chrysophyllum cainitoNINI70.3**Tinospora rumphiiNINI85.6***NI = not used as anthelmintic by local farmers in a particular animal species*Based on formula of Reik and Keitz (1954)
اسلاید 29: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEGroupNo.*Scientific Names (LocalNames)Plant PartsPreparationsDosagesDosagesDosagesAdministrationGroupNo.*Scientific Names (LocalNames)Plant PartsPreparationsChickenSwineGoatAdministrationTOControl**------T1Ananas comosus (pina)Unripe fruitpounding15 g30 g40gMixed w/ feedT2Artemisia vulgaris (hilbas)leavesdecoction15 ml30 ml 40 mlPer osT3Bixa orellana (Asuite)seedsdecoction5 ml10 ml20 mlPer osT4Cajanus cajan(Kadios)rootsdecoction15 ml30 ml40 mlPer osT5Cassia alata(sunting)seedspounding15 g30 g40 gPer osT6Chrysophylum cainito (caimito)leavesdecoction--40 mlPer osT7Clitorea ternatea (balog-balog)seedsheating & pounding15 g30 g40 gMixed w/ feedPreparations, dosage levels and mode of administration of plant parts usedby local farmers against parasitic infections in various animals*No. of Animals/treatment = 4**Untreated control- not used by farmers
اسلاید 30: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEGroupNo.*Scientific Names (LocalNames)Plant PartsPreparationsDosagesDosagesDosagesAdministrationGroupNo.*Scientific Names (LocalNames)Plant PartsPreparationsChickenSwineGoatAdministrationT8Karicq papaya(kapayas)seedspounding15 g-40 gPer osT9Lansium domesticum (lansones)seedspounding15 g30 g40 gPer osT10Leucaena leucocephala (ipil-ipil)seedsPounding15 g30 g 40 gPer osT11Mangifera indica (paho)seedsPounding15 g10 g30 gPer osT12Manihot esculenta(balanghoy)bark/ rootsDecoction15 ml30 ml40 mlPer osT13Mimosa pudica(makahiya)leavesdecoction--40 mlPer osT14Momordica charantia (paliya)leavesHeating/ expressing3 ml6 ml12 mlPer osT15Moringa oleifera (malunggay)seedspounding15 g30 g40 gPer osPreparations, dosage levels and mode of administration of plant parts usedby local farmers against parasitic infections in various animals*No. of Animals/treatment = 4- not used by farmers
اسلاید 31: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEPreparations, dosage levels and mode of administration of plant parts usedby local farmers against parasitic infections in various animals*No. of Animals/treatment = 4- not used by farmersGroup No.*Scientific Name (Local Name)Plant PartsPreparationDosagesDosagesDosagesAdministrationGroup No.*Scientific Name (Local Name)Plant PartsPreparationchickenSwineGoatAdministrationT16Quisqualis indica(niyog-niyogan)seedspounding15 g30 g40 gPer osT17Tamarindus indica (Sambag)leavesdecoction15 ml30 ml40 mlPer osT18Tinospora rumphii (panyawan)stemdecoction--40 mlPer os
اسلاید 32: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEPercent efficacy of plant parts according to animal speciesPlantsChicken (% Efficacy)Swine (% Efficacy)Goat (% Efficacy)Control-7.1-13.7-7.8Ananas comosus63.359.152.3Artememisia vulgaris57.656.353.3Bixa orellana66.061.458.3Cajanus cajan57.753.353.3Cassia alata62.859.157.0Chrysophyllum cainitoNINI70.3Clitorea ternatea62.858.755.6Karica papaya59.4NI58.8NI = not used by local farmers*highly effective
اسلاید 33: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEPercent efficacy of plant parts according to animal speciesPlantsChicken (% Efficacy)Swine (% Efficacy)Goat (% Efficacy)Lansium domesticuml65.661.060.7Leucaena leucocephala68.062.162.1Mangifera indica60.058.256.7Manihot esculenta53.452.050.8Mimosa pudicaNINI79.7Momordica charantia74.770.064.5Moringa oleifera69.064.761.5Clitorea ternatea62.858.755.6Quisqualis indica70.770.062.4NI = not used by local farmers
اسلاید 34: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEPercent efficacy of plant parts according to animal speciesNI = not used by local farmers*highly effectivePlantsChicken (% Efficacy)Swine (% Efficacy)Goat (% Efficacy)Tamarindus indica59.458.455.6Tinospora rumphiiNINI85.6*
اسلاید 35: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEOn-Going Study on Haemonchus Contortus
اسلاید 36: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINERationale
اسلاید 37: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEGoat Population:As of 2002, 3.29 million heads25% are concentrated in the Visayas99.9% of 3.29 millions are raised by small holders ( in rural areas)Source: Philippines Recommends for Goat Production, PCARRD (2004)
اسلاید 38: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEConstraints in Goats Production:Endoparasitism hampers productivity & full development of goat subsectorWays endoparasites hampered productivity of goats:2. Drop in milk production 1. High rate mortality at weaning 3. Reduced feed conversion efficiency4. Mortality of productive goatsEconomic Impact due to roundworm infection in goats is valued at US$3.55 M annuallySource: Philippines Recommends for Goat Production, PCARRD (2004)
اسلاید 39: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEHaemonchus contortus is one of these endoparasites considered most pathogenic (Soulsby, 1982)Two classes of anthelmintic that could be resorted to:Haemonchus contortus infection in ruminants is addressed by use of athelmintic or dewormers1. Commercial or synthetic anthelmintic2. Herbal anthelmintic
اسلاید 40: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEAdvantage of synthetic anthelmintic:1. Being pure, synthetic anthelmintic is very effective5. Not available in remote areasAdvantage is outweighed by the following:1. Imparts residue to meat which is hazardous to consuming public2. Parasite develops resistance against synthetic anthelmintic3. Synthetic anthelmintic pollutes environment4. Expensive for small holders, being imported
اسلاید 41: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEUse of alternative dewormer: Herbal anthelminticAdvantages of Herbal anthelmintic: Does not impart drug residue in meat2. Not very expensive3. Available all year round4. Parasite does not develop resistance5. No chemical that would pollute environment
اسلاید 42: Requisites for an Effective Dewormer: Kills all worm burden (Cytotoxic action)2. Expels dead worm (Cathartic or purgative)3. Heals injury brought about by inflammatory reaction by worms (Astringent)Compounds in 3 Plants with Their Corresponding Compounds and actions:PlantsCompounds & ConcentrationCompounds & ConcentrationCompounds & ConcentrationCompounds & ConcentrationPlantsFlavonoidsAnthraquinonesAlkaloidsTanninsChrysophyllum cainito++-++++-Tinospora rhumpii++++-++-Mimosa pudica-++-++++COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 43: C. caimitoM. pudicaT. rumphii(Ratio of Extracts)FlavonoidsTanninsAnthraquinonesAlkaloidsModel AnimalMonoclonal AntibodiesIsolateBioactive CompoundsAntigenCompoundsInjectHyperimmunizeHybridoma Cell / E. coliAnthelmintic activityPurified dewormerTestingFinal product
اسلاید 44: HatchL1 and L2DevelopL3 on GrassIngestedGoat InfectedFecesDevelopmental Cycle of Haemonchus spp.Developmental Cycle of Haemonchus contortusEggs in Pasture areaL1 and L2COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 45: L1 and L2COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEPurposes of Phase I The effective concentration against L3s of H. contortus will be the basis for the determination of LD50 of plant cocktail Extraction by solvent will be the basis for isolation of bioactive compounds Effective plant cocktail dewormer will be made into drug forms and these will be studied for their ED50
اسلاید 46: L1 and L2COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEObjectives of Phase I Evaluate the effect of different solvents on extraction of active compounds of the plant extract that would kill at least 80% of L3s of H. contortus General: Determine the ratios of the plant cocktail that would kill at least 80% of the L3s of H. contortusSpecific: Find out the concentration of the individual plant according to solvent that would kill at least 80% of L3s of H. contortus Determine the concentration of the plant cocktail that would kill at least 80% of L3s of H. contortus
اسلاید 47: MATERIALS AND METHODS COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 48: Collection of Plant PartsCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 49: Air-Drying of T. rumphii StemChopped Stem of T. rumphii Air-Drying of C. cainito LeavesChopped leaves of C. cainitoCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 50: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 51: Leaves of Mimosa pudicaLeaves of Chrysophyllum cainitoStem of Tinospora rumphiiCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 52: Plant SamplePetroleum EtherPetroleum Ether ExtractCrude PetroleumEther Fraction Assay* RotavapPlant Residue EthanolEthanol ExtractCrude Ethanol Fraction Assay* RotavapPlant Residue WaterWater Extract Crude Aqueous Fraction Assay* RotavapPlant Residue Discard*Highly effective extract by solvent will be combined for herbal cocktailCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEExtraction of Individual Plant Parts
اسلاید 53: Combination of Plant Extracts*Assay of Plant Cocktail forlarvicidal activity Effective Combination of Plant Cocktail against L3Dosage Level for LD50 and ED50 Studies (Phase II)Isolation of Bioactive Compounds (Phase II)*Highly Effective Extract by Solvent will Be combined to form a plant cocktailMultiplication of Bioactive CompoundsCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 54: Weighing of Plant PartsTransfer of Plant Parts in Amber BottlesCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 55: Extraction by InfusionStraining of Plant Part ExtractsCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 56: Setting up of RotavaporCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 57: Concentration of Plant Part Extracts in RotavaporCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 58: Plant Extracts Ready for Concentration in a Rotary evaporatorCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 59: Plant Extracts by Solvents & 0.5% IvermectinCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 60: Tinospora rumphiiChrysophyllum cainitoMimosa pudica1 part1 part1 part1 part1 part2 parts1 part1 part3 parts1 part2 parts1 part1 part2 parts2 parts1 part2 parts3 parts1 part3 parts1 part1 part3 parts2 parts1 part3 parts3 parts2 parts1 part1 part2 parts1 part2partsTable 1. Varying ratios used in combining the 3 plants (makabuhay, caimito, and makahiya) extractsCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 61: Table 1. Continued2 parts1 part3 parts2 parts2 parts1 part2 parts2 parts3 parts2 parts3 parts1 part2 parts3 parts2 parts2 part3 parts3 parts3 parts1 part1 part3 parts1 part2 parts3 parts1 part3 parts3 parts2 part1 part3 parts2 parts2 parts3 parts2 parts3 parts3 parts3 parts1 part3 parts3 parts2 partsCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 62: ASSAY OF PLANT EXTRACTS COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 63: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEL3s Transferred into Wells of Hollow Glass Slide
اسلاید 64: Exposure of L3s with Plant ExtractsCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINEL3s in wells of hollow glass slide countedL3s in wells of hollow glass slide exposed with0.5 ml of the varying concentrations of plantcocktail
اسلاید 65: Movement of L3s monitored for 30 Minutes after exposureAbsence of movement upon touchingof L3s with end of inoculating needleExposure of L3s with Plant ExtractsCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 66: Computation for the Dosage Level of the Combined Plant Extracts:A x 100 BWhere:A = Weight (mg/g) of Combined Plant ExtractB = Volume (ml) of Distilled waterCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 67: % Efficacy = No. of Dead L3s x 100 No. of L3s Exposed Where: Below 70 % efficacy, the plant extract is said to be ineffective; 71%-80 % efficacy, the plant extract is said to be effective 81-100% efficacy, the plant extract is said to be highly effectiveFormula of Reik and Keitz (1954) on Percent Efficacy of Anthelmintic COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 68: Experimental Design:Experimental Design:Layout of Experiment on Plant Cocktails: Completely Randomized Design (CRD)TO(-) = 1% EthanolTO(+) = 0.5% ivermectinTreated Groups =nth concentrations of plant cocktail Replicates = 2 with at least 30 L3s per replicateLayout of experiment of Individual Plant Extracts: Completely Randomized Design (CRD)T0(-) = 1% of appropriate solventT0(+) = 0.5% IvermectinTreated Groups: nth Concentrations of appropriate extractReplicates: 2 with at least 30 L3s per replicateCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 69: Statistical Analysis:Experiment on Plant Cocktails:Experiment of Individual Plant Extracts:Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)Significant among treatment means: DMRTAnalysis of Variance (ANOVA)COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 70: R E S U L T S COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 71: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 72: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 73: COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 74: Petroleum Ether-Ethanol Extraction Treatments (P:C:M)MeanT0(+) (0.5% Ivermectin)37.90bT0(-) (1% Ethanol)14.83cT1 (1:1:1)97.88aT2 (1:1:2)100.00aT3 (1:1:3)100.00aT4 (1:2:1)100.00aT5 (1:2:2)100.00aT6 (1:2:3)100.00aT7 (1:3:1)100.00aT8 (1:3:2)100.00aT9 (1:3:3)100.00aT10 (2:1:1)100.00aT11 (2:1:2)100.00a TreatmentsMeanT12 (2:1:3)100.00aT13 (2:2:1)98.04aT14 (2:2:3)98.60aT15 (2:3:1)100.00aT16 (2:3:2)98.96aT17 (2:3:3)98.15aT18 (3:1:1)100.00aT19 (3:1:2)99.02aT20 (3:1:3)98.99aT21 (3:2:1)100.00aT22 (3:2:2)99.12aT23 (3:2:3)100.00aT24 (3:3:1)100.00aT25 (3:3:2)100.00aMeans with different letters are statistically significant (p<0.01) by DMRT COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 75: Plant Cocktail by Petroleum Ether-Ethanol Extraction COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 76: Plant Cocktail by Ethanol Extraction COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 77: PHASE II ACTIVITIES COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 78: Pharmacologic Studies of Plant CocktailCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE LD50 of plant cocktail ED50 of plant cocktailStudies on Drug Forms Studies on the appropriate binders for tablet forms of plant cocktail Studies on the appropriate capsules for plant cocktail
اسلاید 79: Pharmacologic Studies of Plant CocktailCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE LD50 of plant cocktail ED50 of plant cocktailStudies on Drug Forms Studies on the appropriate binders for tablet forms of plant cocktail Studies on the appropriate capsules for plant cocktail
اسلاید 80: Bioactive Compounds ElucidationPlant ExtractsIsolateFlavonoidsTanninsAnthraquinoneAlkaloidsInjectAnimal ModelMonoclonalAntibodiesBioactive Compounds.IsolateCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 81: Bioactive Compounds ElucidationSolid PhaseLigandAntibodyAntigenCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 82: Bioactive Compounds Elucidation Antigen (bioactive compounds)Hybridoma/E. coliPurified AnthelminticFinal ProductInoculateTestingTestingCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 83: Plant drug dev’t.Hybridomal E. coliMonoclonalantibodiesBioactivecmpdsPost marketMktg salesPilot comm’l prod’nQuality controlField evl’n.Herbal Anthelmintic Product PathIP/Biosafety AuditBiosafety ApprovalRegulatory approvals (BFAD)DiscoveryProductDevelopmentProduct EnhancementYr 1Yr 1 - 3Yr 2Yr 3Yr 4Pure FormPlant/RawMaterialsScreeningLab evl’n.Crude FormDrug FormsDrug FormsCOLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
اسلاید 84: THANK YOU
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