The Cloud Computing for the Masses
اسلاید 1: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 1/50Picture of the Cloud: WikipediaThe Cloud – Computing for the MassesAsoke K. Talukder, Ph.DCorporate Advisor, Sahara Next, LucknowDirector, Geschickten Solutions, BangaloreAdjunct Professor, National Institute of Technology, WarangalAdjunct Professor, Indian Institute of information Technology & Management, GwaliorAdjunct Faculty, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, SurathkalSoftware as a Service (SaaS) and Cloud Computing Association of Knowledge Workers, Lucknow; Indian Industries Association Lucknow, 13 March 2010
اسلاید 2: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 2/50Source: WikipediaThe Cloud
اسلاید 3: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 3/50About the SpeakerDr. Asoke K. Talukder worked for companies like Fujitsu-ICIM, Microsoft, Oracle, Informix, Digital, Hewlett Packard, ICL, Sequoia, Northern Telecom, NEC, KredietBank, iGate, Cellnext, etc. Dr. Asoke authored two textbooks and edited two books; he also published many peer-reviewed research papers. He is recipient of many international awards including All India Radio/Doordarshan award, ICIM Professional Excellence Award, ICL Excellence Award, IBM Solutions Excellence Award, Simagine GSMWorld Award etc. Dr. Asoke has been listed in “Who’s Who in the World”, “Who’s Who in Science and Engineering”, and “Outstanding Scientists of 21st Century”. He did M.Sc (Physics) and Ph.D in Engineering. He was the DaimlerChrysler Chair Professor at IIIT, Bangalore; currently an Adjunct Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, NIT Warangal, Adjunct Professor, ABV Indian Institute of Information Technology & Management, Gwalior, and Adjunct Faculty Department of Computer Engineering, NITK, Surathkal. He is Corporate Advisor to SaharaNext and Chief Scientific Officer, Geschickten Solutions, Bangalore.
اسلاید 4: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 4/50Cloud Computing in IndiaEconomic Times, 11th February 2010
اسلاید 5: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 5/50What is Cloud Computing?
اسلاید 6: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 6/50Source: http://www.free-pictures-photos.com/Computing in the Cloud
اسلاید 7: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 7/50Cloud Computing DefinedCloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm where data and applications reside in the cyberspace, it allows users to access their data and information through any web-connected device be it fixed or mobile. Source: John B. Horrigan, Use of Cloud Computing Applications & Services, Data memo, PEW Internet & American Life project, September 2008
اسلاید 8: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 8/50We all (?) use The Cloud
اسلاید 9: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 9/50Characteristics of Cloud ComputingVirtual – Physical location and underlying infrastructure details are transparent to usersScalable – Able to break complex workloads into pieces to be served across an incrementally expandable infrastructureEfficient – Services Oriented Architecture for dynamic provisioning of shared compute resourcesFlexible – Can serve a variety of workload types – both consumer and commercial
اسلاید 10: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 10/50Types of the CloudPrivate CloudCloud Computing private to an enterprisePublic CloudCloud Computing where the cloud services are offered by Cloud Vendors and anybody can use & deploy their services in this cloudHybrid CloudCombination of Private & Public Cloud
اسلاید 11: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 11/50Private CloudPrivate cloud will be implemented by enterprises for their own private use. This will mainly be available to enterprise’s customers, employees, partners, and suppliers. This will mainly be to reduce the cost and have a centralized management of the data. Private cloud will be a extension of the data centre within the control of the enterprise; in private cloud an enterprise can implement a security policy and control people and hardware resource with respect to privacy and access. Amazon book store is an example of private cloud.
اسلاید 12: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 12/50Public CloudThe public cloud can be defined as the outsourcing model for computing, hardware, and storage functions to a third party service provider, which hosts applications on cyberspace through linked services. Source: Cristos Velasco San Martin, Jurisdictional Aspects of Cloud Computing, February 28, 2009
اسلاید 13: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 13/50Hybrid CloudSource: Wikipedia
اسلاید 14: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 14/50Commercial Clouds
اسلاید 15: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 15/50Cloud Computing User – I (Amir)
اسلاید 16: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 16/50Cloud Computing User – II (Fakir)
اسلاید 17: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 17/50Next Generation InternetMulti-user-agentMulti-serviceMulti-accessMulti-providerMulti-protocol networksWeb 2.0 and Web 3.0Innovation moving from Technology Companies to the Consumer spaceIPv6 with IPsecUniversal seamless roamingSupport mobility at vehicular stateIntelligent and programmable networksDefinable service qualityDefinable security levelOn demand scalabilityAPI in the network to obtain context information (spatial, environmental, and temporal attributes)API in the network to enforce QoS and security
اسلاید 18: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 18/50Intels New SCC (Single Chip Cloud Computer) – a 48-core ProcessorIntel debuted and demonstrated its Single-chip Cloud Computer (SCC) processor on 2nd December 2009. The processor has 48 cores – 24 dual-core tiles--connected with a high-speed mesh network. Intel wants the experimental chip, at least 100 of which it will distribute to researchers in 2010, to lead to new attempts to tackle multicore system and software design. Ultimately, Intel believes its aggressive multicore approach will be the way computers get enough power for tasks such as vision and speech comparable to what humans have.
اسلاید 19: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 19/50Benefits of the CloudHelping Green computing by lending out idle resources through Cycle ScavengingUnlimited ResourceUnlimited Computing powerUnlimited storage (Filestore & online memory) Scale UP or Scale Down On-demandUsers can use resources without owning anything – converting Capex to OpexEnterprises can use Supercomputers/HPC without owning themPay as you go
اسلاید 20: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 20/50Virtual Infrastructure
اسلاید 21: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 21/50Key Technology: VirtualizationHardwareOperating SystemAppAppAppTraditional StackHardwareOSAppAppAppHypervisorOSOSVirtualized Stack
اسلاید 22: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 22/50VirtualizationVirtualization is a framework or methodology of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments, by applying one or more concepts or technologies such as hardware and software partitioning, time-sharing, partial or complete machine simulation, emulation, quality of service, and many others. It allows abstraction and isolation of lower-level functionalities and underlying hardware. This enables portability of higher-level functions and sharing and/or aggregation of the physical resources.There are lots of virtualization products, all mainframe OS of the past were virtual like MVS, VMS, VME etcToday’s virtual environments are VMware1, Xen - an open source Linux-based product developed by XenSource2 etc
اسلاید 23: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 23/50Virtual Infrastructure ManagementSaaSIaaSPaaS
اسلاید 24: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 24/50Cloud Computing StackFacilitiesHardwareFacilitiesIntegration & MiddlewareDataMetadataContentApplication APIPresentation ModalityPresentation PlatformInfrastructure as a ServicePlatform as a ServiceSoftware as a ServiceConnectivity & deliveryAPIFacilitiesHardwareFacilitiesConnectivity & deliveryAPIIntegration & MiddlewareQoE&QoSSECURITYUser/ Customer/ DeviceMIDDLEWAREOriginal Cloud ProviderCloud VendorCloud UserNext Gen NetworkNextGenerationNetwork/Internet
اسلاید 25: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 25/50Original Cloud ProvidersApplication Services (services on demand)Gmail, GoogleCalenderPayroll, HR, CRM etcSugarm CRM, IBM Lotus LivePlatform Services (resources on demand)Middleware, Intergation, Messaging, Information, connectivity etcAWS, IBM Virtual images, Boomi, CastIron, Google AppengineInfrastructure Services (physical assets as services)IBM Blue house, VMWare, Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure Platform, Sun Parascale and more
اسلاید 26: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 26/50Cloud Vendor“Cloud Vendor” is a virtual organization (may/may not own any infrastructure, platform or software) – it will use resources from various vendors and original providers (OCP – Original Cloud Providers) to offer services that meet certain service level agreements (SLA) with guaranteed Quality of Expectation (QoE) and Quality of Service (QoS)Source: Asoke K Talukder, Lawrence Zimmerman, and Prahalad H.A, Cloud Economics: Principles, Costs and Benefits, book chapter in the book titled Cloud Computing: Principles, Systems and Applications, Edited by Nick Antonopoulos and Dr Lee Gillam, Published by Springer London, to appear 2010
اسلاید 27: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 27/50Clouds and SOASOA is the architecture of Cloud Computing Physical infrastructure like SOA must be discoverable, manageable and governable
اسلاید 28: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 28/50IaaSRather than purchasing servers, software, data center space or network equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service. The service is typically billed on a utility computing basis and amount of resources consumed (and therefore the cost) will typically reflect the level of activity. It is an evolution of virtual private server offeringsCloud infrastructure services or Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) delivers computer infrastructures like,Processors/CPUsMemoryStoragesNetworkingSource: Wikipedia
اسلاید 29: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 29/50Maximilien Brice, © CERNDatacenter (real IaaS)
اسلاید 30: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 30/50PaaSCloud platform services or Platform as a Service (PaaS) deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications. It facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layersSource: Wikipedia
اسلاید 31: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 31/50SaaSCloud application services or Software as a Service (SaaS) deliver software as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customers own computers and simplifying maintenance and support. Key characteristics include:Network-based access to, and management of, commercially available (i.e., not custom) software Activities that are managed from central locations rather than at each customers site, enabling customers to access applications remotely via the Web Application delivery that typically is closer to a one-to-many model (single instance, multi-tenant architecture) than to a one-to-one model, including architecture, pricing, partnering, and management characteristics Centralized feature updating, which obviates the need for downloadable patches and upgrades.Source: Wikipedia
اسلاید 32: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 32/50Cloud Challenges
اسلاید 33: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 33/50Parallelization ProblemsHow do we assign work units to workers?What if we have more work units than workers?What if workers need to share partial results?How do we aggregate partial results?How do we know all the workers have finished?What if workers die?What is the common theme of all of these problems?
اسلاید 34: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 34/50Divide and Conquer“Work”w1w2w3r1r2r3“Result”“worker”“worker”“worker”PartitionCombine
اسلاید 35: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 35/50MapReduceGeneralized FrameworkSplit 1Split 2Split 3Split 4WorkerWorkerWorkerk1:v1 k3:v2k1:v3 k2:v4k2:v5 k4:v6k1:v1,v2k2:v4,v5k3:v2WorkerWorkerWorkerOutput 1Output 2k4:v6Output 3MasterbackInput FilesMapIntermediate filesReduceOutput filesSort/Group
اسلاید 36: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 36/50Open Source MapReduce HadoopImplemented in Java enabled on AmazonTwisterLightweight New arrival in town
اسلاید 37: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 37/50Security in the CloudSecurity in the cloud needs to answer few specific questions like,How much trust do you have on virtualized environment or the hypervisors in the cloud as against your own physical hardware?How much trust do you have on cloud vendor versus your own infrastructure?How do you address regulatory and compliance requirement in an environment when your application might be running on an infrastructure in a foreign country?
اسلاید 38: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 38/50Security & Scalability-aware Software Development Life Cycle (SaSDLC)Security Requirement AnalysisStep 1 – Functional Requirements using UMLStep 2 – Identification of AssetsStep 3 – Separation of ConcernsStep 4 – Decision on Deployment and InterfacesStep 5 – Minimizing the Attack SurfaceStep 6 – Security RequirementsStep 7 – Threat and Attack TreeStep 8 – Rating of RisksStep 9 – Decision on In-vivo Security versus In-vitro SecurityStep 10 – Nonfunctional to Functional RequirementStep 11 – IterateSecurity DesignSecure and Safe Construction/ProgrammingSecurity Testing (Fuzz, Negative, Recovery, Ethical Hacking)Secure Deployment (Firewall, IPS, Malware Catcher, OVAL, NVD, AVDL)
اسلاید 39: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 39/50Service Quality and ChargingJournaling is necessary to record usage historyJournaling is a critical part of any secured and reliable systemJournaling helps a system to recover from failure through either roll-back or roll-forwardUsage records are used at a later time to charge and bill a consumerJournaling is also used for forensic purposes to recreate the crime scene of a security attack
اسلاید 40: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 40/50Scalability and AvailabilityScalability in the cloud applications needs to be dynamicApplications need to react to external events such as increased load, augmented reliability etcIn the cloud, there will be no association between the service and the underlying platform and infrastructureThe cloud user / customer may like to use some resource somewhere in the world that offers the best price performance advantage
اسلاید 41: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 41/50Location of DataThis is important issue that should be considered in the cloud environment. There are laws related to both what can be stored and what can be transferred (into and out of) countries. Some country’s laws say that the data should not be stored outside of the country.
اسلاید 42: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 42/50Multi TenancyThis is resultant of virtualization, where two or more cloud vendors share the same resource from an original cloud provider. There should be clean and clear way to ensure that other tenants are not gaining access to other parties’ data. This is also called data anonymity.
اسلاید 43: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 43/50Business Continuity and Data RetentionCloud vendors have data recovery and business continuity plans in place to ensure that service can be maintained in case of a disaster or an emergency and that any data lost will be recovered. These plans are shared with and reviewed by their customers so that business continues even if the cloud vendor/provider goes out of business.
اسلاید 44: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 44/50Data ProtectionThis is to ensure that only the authorized and legitimate users access or stored data in the cloud. Also, if necessary, the country where the data is hosted can be examined by the law enforcement agencies. HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) in the US also prohibits certain types of access on healthcare data. Sarbanes Oxley demands certain types of accounting practices to be followed be enterprises. On 5th February 2010, the European Commission has adopted a decision updating the standard contractual clauses for the transfer of personal data to processors established in non-EU countries that are not recognised as offering an adequate level of data protection. The USA Patriot Act was passed that allows certain government organizations to examine any data within USA. RIPA (The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act) can be invoked by the UK government officials specified in the Act on the grounds of national security. Compliance environments that experts cite as important for cloud computing included auditing-related standard SAS 70,Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS) and FISMA.
اسلاید 45: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 45/50Accounting Logs & Audit TrailsIn addition to producing logs and audit trails, cloud vendors (providers) work with their customers to ensure that these logs and audit trails are properly secured, maintained for as long as the customer requires, and are accessible for the purposes of forensic investigation (e.g., eDiscovery).
اسلاید 46: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 46/50Which Laws ApplyAnother considerable issue is which laws apply? An example a client based in USA, using cloud services of a company registered in Europe and having services in Asia. These are issues that need to be clarified and understood clearly. It will be difficult for a service provider to provide conformance to all international standards and be economical at the same time. Further there might be instances when it will just not be possible to confirm to all as there may contrasting views.
اسلاید 47: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 47/50Legal and Contractual IssuesAside from the security and compliance issues enumerated above, cloud providers and their customers will negotiate terms around liability (stipulating how incidents involving data loss or compromise will be resolved, for example), intellectual capital, and end-of-service (when data and applications are ultimately returned to the customer).
اسلاید 48: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 48/50Taxation & Regulatory IssuesThe Cloud-vendor will be a company with Tax registration on the country of operationThe Original Cloud Provider will be taxed on the country of operation – some tax benefits will be there for export of serviceRegulatory authorities will ensure that data privacy and data transportation related policies are enforced No matter what the customers want, Cloud Provider must conform to the law of the land
اسلاید 49: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 49/50Policy EnforcementInventory forServices, Resources
اسلاید 50: 13th March 2010Cloud Computing - 50/50Thank YouEmail:
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