XENOTRANSPLANTATION(انتقال عضو یا بافت از حیوان به انسان)

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Xenotransplantatio 0 

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وال رل ود اتف replacing damaged or destroyed cells in تسوت ت۱۳ ۲5 ,01206165 ‎and Parkinson's disease‏ ‘Bridging transplants - providing organ function externally to patients with organ failure. iXenotransplantation| *Organ transplants - replacing diseased organs, such as heart, lungs, liver, pancrease and kidneys. وا یل وت از وه ‎skin grafts, cornea‏ ‎transplants or bone‏ ‎transplants.‏ 

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econnecting blood vessels for organ transplants mune system causes transplant rejection oon kidney transplant enotransplantation in Asia Baboon to human bone marrow transplant for HI I human to human transplant Clinical trials of pig cell transplants continue Worldwide ban on all xenotransplantation 

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e is xenotransplantation research taking p این ‎eae‏ 

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known pathogens of humans (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rabies virus) human hosts (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii and known pathogens of immunocompromised | Salmonella spp.) pathogens of transplant recipients (e.g., microbes similar to those recognized to be | ‏(ك5ناألا30ع30 300 كناءأناه اهنع جرمغلء عواعومم‎ ‎and‏ دلیف ‎(e.g.,‏ ده 03 نط مرمععءم ‎rotavirus)‏ ‎ ‎{viruses with high a _ capacity for ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 

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donors and xenogenic 7 a) LES ۳ chimpanz baboon ‏حت‎ Xenogenic organs 1)Heart 2)kidney 3)Liver 4)Lunags 

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INACTIVE PROVIRUS POTENTIAL ACTIVATION Potential porcine endogenous retrovirus activation Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) is a retrovirus found in the DNA of all ور ار ۱۱۰/2 inactive proviral form, but can potentially produce mature viral particles infectious for other species. PERV infection is a risk of pia to human transplants 

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rapidly, often before the surgery is complete, 25 pre-existing antibodies from the immune 9 2507 ۳ Acute rejection - occurs in first Aiton tte Lies melee [18 ed ) develops Chronic rejection - occurs gradually over several years after ‏كد‎ 

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‘Acute humoral xenograft rejection 

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Xenotransplantation advantages over allotransplantation it offers a virtually unlimited source of scheduling is not dependent on the unpredictable availability of a donor human organ, allowing for both advance planning and the interntionally timed harvesting of an organ for immediate transplantation as well g 

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10 Reveet euly2018 | Accepies: 20 uly 2018 BRIEF COMMUNICATION witey Pig tracheal patchy xenotransplantation in the dog Tae-Ki Lee’ | Jong-Min Kim?? @ Seok Hwa Choi? 

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Method recipients: Three healthy beagle dogs (8-9 kg) donor: one pig (20 kg) a pig cartilaginous tracheal patchy (2 x 2 cm half tube) was sutured to the tracheal resected site in each dog immunosuppression: Antithymocyte globulin (2.5 mg/kg infusion, DO and 1), tacrolimus (4.5 mg/kg, twice a day for 2 months), and methylprednisolone sodium succinate (1 mg/kg, IV, for 2 days and tapering) The levels IL-2 and IFN-y in the serum were measured at DO, 7, and 28 Tracheoscopy was performed at D28, 60, and 90 the expression of dog and pig genes in the graft was evaluated by PCR Histopathological examination of the graft was conducted. 11 

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D METHODS imental animals, harvesting pig trachea, and ical procedures for pig tracheal patchy apposition + Three healthy beagle dogs (age; 1 year, male, 8-9 kg) were used as recipients * a wild-type pig (age; 2 months, male, 20 kg) was used as the donor + The pig was sacrificed following a protocol approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), and the trachea was harvested aseptically and placed in sterilized bottles. The cartilaginous tracheal patchy of the harvested tissue was trimmed to 2 x 2 cmina half-tube shape | + Pig tracheal patchy apposition within the resected site was performed with a simple interrupted suture using absorbable monofilament suture ۹۹ (5-0 PDS, Ethicon, UK), and the wound was closed in the usual fashion. 

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red antithymocyte globulin (2.5 mg/kg, IV, DO and D1; ‘yme, Cambridge, MA), tacrolimus (4.5 mg/kg, PO, twice a day for ‘af, Astellas Pharma Korea, Seoul, Korea), and methylprednisolone ‘cinate (1 mg/kg, IV, DO and D1; Primedrol inj 125 mg, Jeilpharm, Seoul, Tracheoscopic examination A tracheoscopy was performed at D28, 60, and 90 under general anesthesia. The mucosal surface of the pig tracheal patchy was examined, and no biopsy sample was ie) <a 2.4 Quantification of the serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-y (IFN-y) 2.5 Gene evaluation of the pig 16S and the dog cytochrome b in the graft 2.6 Primer design | 2.7 PCR 2.8 Histological examination 4 ‏زع‎ Alecia ay 

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RESULTS 3.1 Serum IL-2 and IFN-y levels The levels of the serum IL-2 and IFN-y at D7 were significantly higher than those at DO and 28 (P< 0.05) The levels of IL-2 and IFN-y in the peripheral blood at DO, 7, and 28. The levels of serum IL-2 and IFN-y at D7 are significantly higher than are those at DO and 28 \ (FP < 0.05). M + SD (n = 3) x 

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/ 3.2 Tracheoscopic examinations << لم Tracheoscopic images of the pig tracheal patchy in the dog. A; Slightly pale (similar to mucosa erosion) pig tracheal patchy with suture material can be seen (arrow) at D28. B; The protruding suture material is seen at D28 disappeared at D60. C; The area of the | pig tracheal patchy looks normal (arrow) at 0 / 2 

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3.3 Gene evaluation of the pig 16S and the dog ‏دعن عط متط عصممعطءهغلاء‎ 3.4 Findings of histological examinations D3 /cD20 Histological images of the graft at D90. A & B; Normal epithelium is seen on H&E and Masson's trichrome stain. C; There are a few CD3+ cells (brown color) and no CD20+ cell (blue color) in the epithelium on immunohistochemistry 1 7 

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jest that a small-sized (2 x 2 cm) wild-type pig tracheal patchy can be ly engrafted into the trachea of the dog under immunosuppression, although n of mucosa on the graft was seen at D30, in spite of xenotransplantation between ie discordant species. It should need more potent immunosuppressive regimen to control early graft rejection of the mucosa in pig to dog tracheal patchy model. Future study will use a genetically modified pig as a donor in the context of a long-segment tracheal defect model using in the dog xenotransplantation setting. 

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1 پیت لیا لان ا ثانا ‎_xenotransplantation?‏ وتا ال یلیام ET ec PCr i mel mtg ۱ ۱ ۱ 1 ااانا عدداءع باامص0م ‎tell‏ Thousands of people are in dire need of a transplant in the UK, but there just aren’t enough donated organs to go round. So should we make up the deficit with animal organs? 

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imps J-Y, Roux FA, Sai” P, Gouin E,History of nsplantation,Xenotransplantation 2005 ‎.com/nature/xenotransplantation‏ تم ‎[3]. Yung Puga Gisella L., Rieben Robert, Buhler Leo, Schuurman Henk-Jan, Seebach Jorg D, Xenotransplantation: where do we stand in 2016? ‎[4]. Henk-Jan Schuurman,Léo Buhler, Theme issue on Xenotransplantation in Asia,SchuBiomed Consultancy, Utrecht, The Netherlands,University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland,2019 ‎[5]. Tae-Ki Lee, Jong-Min Kim, Seok Hwa Choi, Pig tracheal patchy xenotransplantation in the dog,2018 ‏إل 2 ‎ ‎ 

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انالا