صفحه 1:
ا ال ال
3 تعداد واحد:
English in Psychology lgsic eli:
صفحه 2:
تلفظی و معنایی با اشاره به
3-مرور نکات مهم درک مطلب با ]7
تمرينات درسيدت/غلط
ee es ee
گزیته ای
صفحه 3:
_— شی درس:
مى رود د و ۳
ا ا ا 1ل
2- نكات يربسامد دستورى » وازكانى: ali
معنایی مرور شده را در متن دا ۳۳۳
تشخیص بدهند.
ot gern Oe beer] erent Fee ew) و
iilgsu cul
ws 19 as 1, nll oligS sla yyio -4
als S54
WEB? yousuis ed jl lL, sul! aol Elgil -5
صفحه 4:
تس سم 3 3 1
ازاخرين تحولات علمى در 1
حم و و ۱
ت تكميلى از منا بچ معتیر ب ۱
nual oh; تب SLs
دروس زبان تخصصی Sn er =
ی در برنامه درسی
کارشناسی usw lil, 97
۱
صفحه 5:
رل
eae =
“Gestalt Psychology
“Psychoanalysis
“Cognitive Psychology
صفحه 6:
۰ ۲۱۱۵۱۲ ۱۳۲۳۵۹0۵۵۹6 ۰
used) using the و
same verbal instruction to
each person who
participated.
صفحه 7:
tin CE or phrases او
lel structures (line 13)
hundreds of years,
ophers had been
ecting on (the mind)
and speculating about the
Seller
صفحه 8:
se of passive sent ع
its structure (line 20)
eved that
ection produced
its which could never be
d or disproved.
Object + be + Past Participle
* His idea was accepted.
صفحه 9:
ting subject to its ve 1۳
ly replaced Wundt’s
ectionism, (and it
at human being should be
— regarded as complex
Sut lcen
صفحه 10:
۱
‘ormation (line
Natson believed, that
sychology could make any
claims to being a science
—=1tself: to emulate the
natural, psychology must
+ غ1 jectiv
methods.
صفحه 11:
ning of the first
logy laboratory is the
ییاز یوت تب
sychology as a discipline.
صفحه 12:
first psychologists
, their own thoughts,
s and feelings, in order
ow more about human
صفحه 13:
1( از للك 3
١4
objective evidence.
ccording to behaviorists,
+ same objective method
—could be used to study man
and animals.
T
صفحه 14:
Il psychologists
‘hat scientific
ology is the study‘of
n behavior.
صفحه 15:
abu lary. Review= ا
ated the idea that the
of someone’s behavior
the same as its part
er.
a. Challenged __b.
supported
c. marked d. analyzed
صفحه 16:
‘Way to make psychology
scientific was to emulate
“methods used in chemistry
and physics.
a. imitate b. relate
Cc. assian لم retain
صفحه 17:
a. objective b. unbiased
۱ stecteY iT) a d. cognitive
صفحه 18:
abu lary.Review= a
0 ۴۵۲ 5۵۱۴6 ۴۵ 0
۲۲۱۷ 60
ire he accepted it.
. interpret ۳ id
c. Salivate 0
associate
صفحه 19:
وس سب ات
[0 is not aware
ee motives.
oI rceptible b. creditable
~ prestigious d. unconscious
=
صفحه 20:
abu Pa Ci a
erson’s ----------- ree ees
ose characteristics that
ys his or her behavior.
‘a. personality _b. validity
__¢. Speculation d. prejudice
صفحه 21:
abu lary.Review= a
10 ییات عع ززم
r than abstract ones.
b. images
. functions d. specie
صفحه 22:
sychoanalyze
es
c. psychoanalytic
d. psychoanalyses
صفحه 23:
eerie 220200 nee 13 ی
5 ۲۲۵۲ 5۱/۲۴6۲۱۳۱9 35
erious mental problem.
a. analysts b. analytical
c. analysigm d. analytic
صفحه 24:
ist have experience with
The environment to be able to
correctly ---------- 3
within it.
a. perceptual b.
perceptible 5
c. perception d. perceive
صفحه 25:
Ca
Key Words
xperimental Psychology
zs Cy TNS
* Physiological Processes
« Comparative Psychology
* Learning
صفحه 26:
۱ ا
000۶2 fine
o four main areas -
nitive processes,
physiological processes,
comparative psychology,
and learning - and ...
صفحه 27:
17 لو of repeated words (line
"005 سد and
locrine system are
lated to (behavior and
ntal pro es) and
— influence behavior and
mental processes.
صفحه 28:
izing parts of ch
uffixes (line 19
تا دناهمك
ciousness
10 ع5 - ۲۱0۱ + 9956۲۷۵ ۶
=—observe + able = observable
implicit + ly = implicitly
* condition + ed= conditioned
صفحه 29:
frequent use of passives
‘ure in UE e 25)
a یایاقب
or was inspired by
larwin’s theory of evolution
dit...
صفحه 30:
Wem ELM ae ete
ify the subject (line 41)
١ learning ee oe
صفحه 31:
to find مع" 5غأد زوه امد ررك
what each part of the
brain does.
صفحه 32:
5-5
arative psychology
nimal psychology
the same méaning.
صفحه 33:
arning processes make
! important issue in
=social and developmental
— psychology.
5- Social learning theorists
reject the basic principles
of conditioning.
صفحه 34:
abu ۱۱۵8۵۷۵ تک
ned by هن و
il and non-verbal
b. زر
encouraged
c. spread d. eT Teton
صفحه 35:
abu a
b. attained
d.
۰
- emulated
صفحه 36:
abu lary.Review= a
tting occurs when the
d material is not
ed in memory.
__ a. varied b. influenced
Co el gfe) d. compared
صفحه 37:
on ideas about
Idren’s mental processes.
3 remedy b.
prejudice
c. temptation d. Tay sy -14
صفحه 38:
g by imitation are two
تسس سس سب learning.
۰۱۱ d.
conditional
صفحه 39:
ing animals in their
‘al environment is the
ayto~ -------- accurate
و
EW e
a. consult b. retain
c. attain™ d. evolve
صفحه 40:
me reason brain is not
Pere the learned
Sve li b. confine
c. reflect d. advocate
صفحه 41:
a. evolutionary b. inferential
c. attainable d. implicit
صفحه 42:
سي جر سا سا
ise the learned material
used.
.0 لا 2
c. inspiration d. مه
implication
صفحه 43:
nd in a particular way toa
s that previously did not
duce the response, the
process is complete.
a. conditioning Loe
consultation
c. diagnosis d. heredity
صفحه 44:
raise birds of different
سس in complete darkness
Sand test what effect this could
Fhave on their ability to fly or
= gather food.
a. genders b. spe@@s
c. subdivisions d.
observations
صفحه 45:
formation they needed.
~imply b. implicitly
c. implicit d. implicati@n
صفحه 46:
مهاه ممعم 2
| تكلتحايروتاء تكن c. permeable
صفحه 47:
a. observablegs b. observer
c. observe Co
observation
صفحه 48:
Developmental Psychology
-Abnormal Psychology
~ = Individual Differences
لبي 3
* Intelligence
* Social Psychology
صفحه 49:
ye
3-1 ان quickly
y + ly= happily
Noun + ly = adjective
Order + ly= orderly
- لاأمهمم - بزلا + مووص*
صفحه 50:
TMU LT Bika
ma (lines) 5
rapidly in the early
of life, child
chology, the study of
صفحه 51:
0560 ۵۷۵ 3 ۳
18) =
as Coli pes
1
are ی وی
frequently quite different
from the behaviors (that
are) found in disturbed
adults, ...
صفحه 52:
ebody’s behavior better if
‘know Its changes.
evelopmental
psychologists generally study
age groups.
3- There are many similarities
between adults’ and
children’s psychological
disorders.
صفحه 53:
1 considered a part of a
On’s personality.
- According to some
psychologists IQ tests are
NOT valid:
صفحه 54:
2 term intelligence has
ar definition.
r self-concept is
pletely the result of
- the way others treat us.
صفحه 55:
11 يا aa 5-9
Aira to lose تن و
opportunities.
meal 7
- Clinical
c. lasting d. active
صفحه 56:
۱35 سب 9.
0ص d. objective
صفحه 57:
EY RTT ge) [۱2 ۱ ۱۱۷
--- does not believe help
02۰
a. endurance b. diagngsis
Cc. progress d. disorder
صفحه 58:
abu Pa Ci ee _—
characteristics
“a. diagnose b. comprise
c. recognize d. prescribe
صفحه 59:
[9 ع طغع وه
ise the two subjects
. 0125+ 100
۹ را d.
fluctuate
صفحه 60:
ص ss .د لجن د
١ ا ناط م60 .ع d.
expression
صفحه 61:
ates ain to --------
normal life.
. با کال b.
- prejudic
c. deviate ۲
progress
صفحه 62:
logy tries to answer is
er behavior occurs
٩. ۵ ۵. ۱
c. evolution d. cognition
صفحه 63:
د يمه اع ايرصها لت
a eee to more
-progressively b.
progressin
6 ی ی d.
progressive
صفحه 64:
د رمه اع abu Era
= 26 أاة متاق
¢. criminally d. criminality
صفحه 65:
Laas eo) Uy 34
ical Psychology
chiatry/Psychiatrist
= Counseling Psychology
لل رت
Psychology
“Industrial Psychology
Organizational Psychology
صفحه 66:
و
(line 3) لم 010 نالا ١
SS
صفحه 67:
lative clause to m modify د
(line"12) =
من سوت باتک نتوین
s that the clinical
chologist, who does
not have medical
- training, ...
صفحه 68:
اا ULC ریات ۱2
۴
۱۱ له
۱ ht leave tomorrow.
fou should see a doctor.
_ You must obey traffic rules.
صفحه 69:
۵ ۴ اراك
er/or,” and “both ne 32)
ier Ali nor John can
e the class.
her Ali or John can leave
class.
۲ ene nes
صفحه 70:
ei و ی
tests and information
ed from consultations
ith the student and his or
parents, the school عط
psychologist tries to ...
صفحه 71:
slearest difference
en a Clinical
logist anda
(leider le
‘academic degrees.
Ph.D. is the short form for
“Doctor of psychology”.
2
صفحه 72:
most states, a clinical
chologist is NOT allowed
sto commit a patient to a
= hospital for care and
Saige
4- Clinical psychologists are
better able to do research
work than psychiatrists.
صفحه 73:
psychologists use tests to
obtain the information
they need.
صفحه 74:
صفحه 75:
or Phelps oar find
t person to marry.
وا ۱
4 و۳
interpreter
صفحه 76:
ی Pa UC رل
cine such as aspirin
اساسا سا a headache.
c. retain d.
advocate
صفحه 77:
abu Ca CU aa
medicine سس
gnosing a disease.
moe aus d.
prescribes
صفحه 78:
abu ۱3۳۷۴6۷۵ دن
Sere «(eid d. «=
صفحه 79:
abu COM Cae =
nced person orc
<ing important decisions.
‘speculate b. inspire
c. consult d. disturb
۳۳
صفحه 80:
2. ع c 0
لوا و5
c. manipulation d.
deduction
صفحه 81:
hould SR 2
----of a psychiatrist.
uctuation ۱:0
» Supervision d. consultation
صفحه 82:
psychology is to سس
ple overcome their
al problems.
a. Clinical b. cognitive
c. experinf@ntal = d.
physiological
صفحه 83:
5 re Ph torts
01115.
10005
c. distinctiv d.
distinctively
صفحه 84:
jatry practice, it was
adopted by
(۰
sychoanalyze
z psychoanalysi@@™
» psychoanalytic
. psychoanalytically
9. 0
صفحه 85:
۱و0
3 00۵ Development
=Physical Development
*Socio-emotional Development
*Continuity
«Domain
صفحه 86:
e of “dash” to give .
information (line 4)
۰ nd mor ificall
human development - from
all other...
صفحه 87:
iew of ينيك ce
2 es (line 25) =
۱3۳ 1 is
man (whom) you saw is
5 غطوناوط ناميا (أقطغ) عاممط Ze |
interesting.
صفحه 88:
ie eee CCl
damage is an example
ical development.
levelopmental
hologist is interested in
۷۷ 3۱ ۹
characteristics change ص he
gets older.
صفحه 89:
eal ازیو زر
| psychologists agree
evelopment is
inuous and gradual.
sychological growth is
- getting bigger and better
every day and every way.
صفحه 90:
YN) اوه داه:
ors at different ages is
۱۲ ۲۳۱6 006510105 ۴
lopmental psychology.
Cchild’s development is
‘udied by obtaining information
یلته ات صوءع؟
صفحه 91:
b. physical
c. intellectual’ d.
hypothetical
صفحه 92:
b. intuition ۳
٩07 d.
characteristic
صفحه 93:
:و۳۰۱۱
c. assimilate d. contribute
صفحه 94:
ally disordered people
easily ---------- اأعطخ برط
al behavior.
nhanced b.
- exhausted
6 recognize d.
proceeded
صفحه 95:
= ناه کوج
c. stability d. sympathy
صفحه 96:
“sa ss -
ی ۳
سا
_a. tendency b. analogy
¢. grimace d. concept
صفحه 97:
xperiments’ subjects.
Beet b. overt
c. total d. inborn
صفحه 98:
aal behavior.
. recognize b.
recognition ea
c. recognizable d.
recognizably
صفحه 99:
terconnec b.
nterconnection
c. interconnected d.
interconnecting
صفحه 100:
كد د د
ات
۵ .01
صفحه 101:
CTT Natt 01)
۱۳۵/۲۷۱۵۲۵۵
ل كن
ةي ا
*Polygenic
*Genotype/Phenotype
“Expression
صفحه 102:
deleted words for b و
hension (line 7
sy attempt to integrate
tinctive contributions of
_ heredity and environment,
—— of nature and nurture,
(and they attempt) not to
separate them.
صفحه 103:
5 ل يه لا لوللا 3
i
m the very beginning,
> interaction between
es, the smallest units
_ that carry information
t her
صفحه 104:
ing the subject to i 5
الل يان >
19)
كد cell of the
: g individual,
beginning with the
۱ ا
صفحه 105:
ional RYT LAA=) 1 ——_
«ع ‘deleted (line 8
re we able (if we were
to decipher ..., we
‘would not be able to
predict the phenotype.
صفحه 106:
Sat ==
تت
صفحه 107:
4 ۳0 ea
selves fully ..
The car was painted.
صفحه 108:
۱۶۰۱۳۱ -Mey amt T=)
مت _
little مه وان ص5 0 baat)
mind, intelligence is ...
صفحه 109:
ie eee CCl
pment was directed
by nature or nurture.
st human
characteristics are
‘determined by only one
gene.
صفحه 110:
may NOT ی تللت
le it the trait caused by
(it
صفحه 111:
عع
ry dark skin is caused
yenotype for dark
nd continuous
nlight in the
environment.
صفحه 112:
1۳ eee ساهبه8 7
environment has no
on the expression of
F
elligence.
6- Sociability is an example
of a polygenic trait.
صفحه 113:
ی ی
ologists and school
ی
‘a. interact b. interaction
c. interactive ۳
interactively
صفحه 114:
1 PST ent 70۰ the
some humans phobias.
7 b. hypothesis
—¢. hypothetical d.
hypothetically
صفحه 115:
د يمه اع ايرصها لت
c. subjective d.
0۰/2
صفحه 116:
have been --------------
government education
contributed b. integrated
‘c. disposed d. conceivedé=
صفحه 117:
Oo influence different
a. assimilate 0. fluctuate
c. interconnect d. interact
صفحه 118:
oo between the
water moves in waves
e way light travels.
. inference 7
persistence
c. analogy@ d. energy
صفحه 119:
كد ين 2 ات
as contributor
c. prejudiced
d. disturbed
صفحه 120:
۹ cause more than one
is responsible for its
ssion.
b. intuitive ۲۵۷۵۲50 .ج
c. intellectual d. polyge@ic
صفحه 121:
| =] ES 5-9
و
یب Lay Sais and as
b.
sorder ۶۳
c.temperament d.
phenotype
صفحه 122:
ich the organism will
elop.
rn
a. genes b. genotype
c. phenotype d. genetics
صفحه 123:
ی - tS نی 1
res — [واعياه
Key Words
Ognitive Development
= Stage Theory
را
امه امه
۳
fo)
a
9
3
5
9
3
9
far
5
=
a
*Sensorimotor
صفحه 124:
: ie
5-5
as intelligent as John.
‘He works as a psychologist.
- | saw him as he left.
صفحه 125:
مر رفن end 6ط غ3 1
= فا ۱۴۱665
عه زطن5 + لاط
صفحه 126:
“it” does not refer
ing, it j 1150© رس
on (line 1 ۰
صفحه 127:
06 20۷4
ترا 5
۲62 وز too خوط to drink.
oo young to drive.
ve too much work to
~ go on atrip.
صفحه 128:
ing subject in
ces (line 42)
e sees the same
rpoises breathing, (he)
ae them being
—petted by their trainer,
and (he) is allowed to
touch one himself.
صفحه 129:
‘en’s cognitive abilities are
ly developed than adults,
sychologists accept
aget’s theory as an exact
scription of cognitive
Clty elute
3
صفحه 130:
1۳ eee ساهبه8 7
nderlying mechanisms
nitive development are
pject permanence is a
ery important achievement
~ Of the first stage.
4
صفحه 131:
id Etage is باط تن
se of mental images
d verbal symbols.
صفحه 132:
1g answers to the
ard tube and balls
ndicate that the child
صفحه 133:
nceptual ةك
pear in the third stage.
emi EL eae Lan aats
=formal operation stage
may NOT actually use their
advanced forms of thought
and reasoning.
صفحه 134:
igs, but a painter
ses his feelings in
gs and colors.
a. verbalize b.
verbalization
c. verbal d. verbally
صفحه 135:
a. variable 0۰ لااطها دنا
c. variability d. varied
صفحه 136:
can use general
les to solve particular
: مه b. deduction
¢. deductive 0. لاه حت
صفحه 137:
و وس ی for m
3 b. expert
72 d. adwjt
صفحه 138:
ng feelings may
ental disorders.
tendency b. sympathy
-C. pressure d.
وال نو کرت
صفحه 139:
نی
y. He might be more
nt than you are.
Eee)
c. sympathize
d. contribute
صفحه 140:
O combine to make
, and then water can be
a. Conduciveness b. reversibility
c. accommodation d. =
interconnection
صفحه 141:
ا د
ويه ون ee 5
b. overt ۷۵۲0۵۱ .ج
6 20۳۳ d. genetic
صفحه 142:
qualities such as
, love, kindness etc.
a. concrete b. random
AFA ۵05۲۵۳ d. verbal
صفحه 143:
b. concr@ke
۱ وهای d. variable
صفحه 144:
تس سم - 7
0 13۳۲۴۳۴۱
4
و
*Reinforcement
Experiment
صفحه 145:
laa CON] 0۲ ه
ie explanation (line 4)
ring his investigation,
noticed a curious fact:
e dogs which were
- subjects in his studies ...
صفحه 146:
ened relative clauses
i
was followed by a
d stimulus (that was)
wn to produce a strong
ect on Salivation (dried
meat powder (that was)
put...
صفحه 147:
035517 sentences (line 22).
انلیا
he house was painted.
Ali will paint it.
+] will be painted.
صفحه 148:
>uses_ of “so” (line-33,34)—
tudied hard, so he
۱ *So, you Said he left.
صفحه 149:
5 5 terrifying story.
ild was terrified.
The boring film tired
- 61/0 ۰
_ “All the students were bored.
صفحه 150:
۳۱۱۱۲۱۵۱ aim of Pavlov
to study the responses
‘dogs to certain stimuli.
2- The bell was called a
=conditioned stimulus
because it made the dogs
ات تم ات
۳
صفحه 151:
| conditioning. +
Was never afraid when
t was NOT followed by the
‘The shake photo was presented
-as the conditioned response.
T
صفحه 152:
ms sometimes don’t
ke other organisms of
“same kind.
a. dynamic b. strange
c. suitable d.
adaptable
صفحه 153:
changes یلیر عونم
the 20 century.
speculated c@@xperienced
d. concerned
صفحه 154:
ضهن ت۱۱
produce ۳۹
صفحه 155:
c. condition d.
maintain
صفحه 156:
و تال زیت
c. set out d.
undergone
صفحه 157:
- prejudiced
c. adaptive d. extensive
صفحه 158:
e, it would not cause the
salivate because it
لت *
c. conditioned
| یلا یهاگ
صفحه 159:
lade ad 5-9
مع 1166ل طعأ ينا ae 3
reality] 7
لات
c. prejudice d. status
صفحه 160:
0 سا م3
۹ كت
- contrasted
c. tended d. aroused
صفحه 161:
یس 1 ات
to discover new
riosity b. curious
6. 52113 d. salivary
صفحه 162:
Key Words
Conditioning جمد
ogee eae is
=o Te قت و
“Negative Reinforcer
«Punishment
صفحه 163:
of sentence typesi(line
۶۰۳۱6 studied hard and he
= Passed. (compound)
-3.He studied hard because
he wanted t c
(complex)
صفحه 164:
ro لمهم 6ه"
vay/might rain tonight.
can/may leave now.
‘should be careful.
912 0 must obey the law.
صفحه 165:
~ by the omission of positive
events.
صفحه 166:
g verbs into يلك لان
یداد
0 تا
ire + tion = acquisition
press + sion = suppression
use + al = arousal
‘Tend + ency = tendency
صفحه 167:
of two kinds of events.
2- A positive reinforcer
increases the tendency to
do a certain action again.
صفحه 168:
positive reinforcer can
۱6 5216 ۲26۲
۲6۲۱۲ 60۳۲۵6 ۴
When we perform an action
to escape a negative
reinforcer, we may do that
action again and again. ,
صفحه 169:
اا LS Coda رتیت زر
ere is NOT much
ence between
ishment and a
ie Eee ol gle
- We may suppress a form
of behavior because of a
negative reinforcer.
صفحه 170:
76 suppress
c. suppressing
d. suppression
صفحه 171:
١ a ane Fe) epee
edge of English.
دك ل
Cc. advise d. connect
صفحه 172:
abu ۳ ل
13 ROC wise to (eee
13 یل
Cc. acquisition d.
implication
صفحه 173:
ی Crt ee 00 د
from ساسا سا سا
a. regard, 0 T ia ;
c. refrain d.
reverse
صفحه 174:
اد ات
a way 3 Pere پر
ens someone is.
03 2-8 b. infer
ere ات d.
prevent
صفحه 175:
‘orcer for that behavior.
a. conditioning b. stimulus
c. negative تال رز =)
صفحه 176:
00 +) o1g-St- a r
embarrass
صفحه 177:
rstand social roles.
a. intellect 9. 5
c. inference d.
permanence
صفحه 178:
1 But Ta ۳ pres have
money to pay for his
a. prejudiced b.
embarrassed ی
c. persisted d. impressed
صفحه 179:
لت ات
15
ai 9 سس ادا
b. acquired ۵ .2
تك c. counteracted d.
associated
صفحه 180:
0 ی مت
c. acquisition d.
exclusion
صفحه 181:
‘Performance
7 ا
*Temporary
“Behavioral
“Potential Behavior
صفحه 182:
ght write it.
۱19۲ 06 ۰
“He must painted it.
ot ail a oy) painted.
صفحه 183:
fats] 06 و as
ives (line 8)
-*Danger + ous = dangerous
*History + ic = historic
صفحه 184:
——
use of certain. tie
certain ای ine
000
“Assign to
صفحه 185:
e as the subject or
t of verb(line 4
15آ
لا ا ا ل ا
صفحه 186:
ie eee CCl
9ermanent change in
ior is always a form
a behavioral change is
bserved only once, it
cannot be considered,
learning.
صفحه 187:
صفحه 188:
1۳ eee ساهبه8 7
rning is also ۳
al result of growing
- An exam is one of the
- Ways to find out if learning
has happened or not.
صفحه 189:
y our performance can
iw if learning has occurred.
"According to the second
| definition current
= —performance is almost the
same as potential behavior
based on learning.
3
صفحه 190:
iam elite ts) ۳۱۰۳05 با
‘us to be more effective in
our environment.
fi
صفحه 191:
Peer acai .ها ۷
c. implicit d.
ال ادع ددرا
صفحه 192:
ممم مم م ممه
تم رتیوت( 60 0-82
0 6 تت d.
yet TAIN
صفحه 193:
۳0۱ Pra ut ee 5-9
10 ا ل ‘o the
weather conditions
n they migrated from
n to Norway.
1 adapt b. adaptation
6 d. adaptable
صفحه 194:
g; they are closely
ked.
+ disturbed b.
counted تت
c. changed d. joined
صفحه 195:
21۹ ae ir
20 century.
2۰ b. counted
-c. needed d.
separated
صفحه 196:
1 را
at she was not telling
d th
۱12۰
a ognize __b. suggested
-c. allowed 0 ور
صفحه 197:
338 observable, they
6 ۱۱۵۵5۱۷۲۵0 ۰
b. states
c. amounts d. concepis
صفحه 198:
=e in at
۴ ۰
a. adaptiveas b. curious
¢c. reversible d.
prejudiced
صفحه 199:
_ reinforced
c. extende d.
conditioned
صفحه 200:
adaptable b. inferential
c. permanent d. cumulati¢e
صفحه 201:
Sh an دج
e what we really know.
٠١ 061101111311 21
c. competence
d. association
صفحه 202:
ed on a number of
ns, we can conclude
behavior has ---------- :
a. expression b. adaptation
c. inference d. ۳
[۱ ۱ ۱۵
صفحه 203:
_¢. disorders d.
remedies
صفحه 204:
= sath
“Variable
“Energize
صفحه 205:
۳9
ardless of
5أكقط عط م0 05
“With regard to
صفحه 206:
structures-(line-10) اءالهيدم
هد
rning theorist, for
ample, have also been
been concerned with) what
gives it direction.
صفحه 207:
and expressionsithat
he other hand
ole Taz
evertheless
مدرد
*In spite of
صفحه 208:
0 and expressio
au ow RCs a
- Furthermore
“AS a matter of fact
صفحه 209:
and نيل
As a consequence
صفحه 210:
ie eee 0207
ferent psychologists give
nt definitions for
Fhe arousal, direction and
persistence of behavior are
studied only by motivation
theorists. .
صفحه 211:
rning theorists do NOT
s on the study of those
stactors that arouse and
energize behavior. .
- 4- The factors that arouse,
energize and direct our
يت حت لا تاثا a Bt
3
صفحه 212:
in behavior is the main
rn of motivation
ی
cording to motivation
eorists, some motivational
processes underlie our
behavior all the time.
T
صفحه 213:
۱ : ۰ 3
necessary skills and
dge, but he never works
nough.
Ee Pyar tite 0.۰ ۲
c. compete d.
competition
صفحه 214:
Lele Cre Oe as ید
a bit 060101 but
e is a very -----------
32 لواحت b. stability
c. stable d. stably
صفحه 215:
ص ا د
ean ۲665, eg
سا سا سا تب سب با ۲۲0۳۲ dil)
.excluded@ ور
c. exclusive Co
exclusively
صفحه 216:
c. curious d.
successful
صفحه 217:
he elections caused
nger among them.
Be b. evolution
c. assignment d.
commitment
صفحه 218:
abu Cre Oe as دن
ae
ch had an aera on our
rather than our reasons.
otives b. emotions
~ Cc. perceptions d.
associations
صفحه 219:
See Te (a Ts
-¢.impressions d. motives
صفحه 220:
- Variable =
Cc. persistent d.
intense
صفحه 221:
of +۳۵ 0 ۱۳ 1 ومتطعدع+
because it can
the desired effects
ry prestige b. variation
c. وات كن نت
صفحه 222:
د ورد لس سه سمه
ntist. No other reporters
art in the interview.
contrasting b. immediate
c. thematic d. exclusive
a
صفحه 223:
abu Pra ut ee 5-9
i ۷۵۵
90:۰
c. maintai d.
وت رده زوا
صفحه 224:
Soir 0 5
yn is to know how long it
been since the motive was
a. intensity b. tendency
c. compete d.
maintenanc
صفحه 225:
Key Words
[۱ e Nas)
= Achievement Motive
=Affiliation Motive
“Power Motive
«Prestige
*Achievement-Oriented
صفحه 226:
se of certain rey)
artain ECC
ine 1)
asi" a ره
*Accustomed to
صفحه 227:
use of “colon” 0 ا
ination (line 11)
صفحه 228:
Pa eee sc
nh
x Measuring لك
0۲ ۰ ۰
“Object + be + past
participle
صفحه 229:
ring independent
on and decision-making
often have children (who
are) higher in such
motivation...
صفحه 230:
a
ie artist destroyed his
nting because he
thought he could paint
2 36۲۳۵۲ ۲۵۸۱ خقط
2- The affiliation motive
caused the woman to give
up her law practice.
صفحه 231:
ie eee 0207
۱601۱۱6 ۷/۳۱ ۵
rs to obey him, has a
g power motive.
- Those who just try to get
— by, are low in achievement
۱۳۰
صفحه 232:
power motives are
asured quite differently.
== - Differences in achievement
=—motivation are mainly due to
differences in child-rearing
practices.
T
صفحه 233:
۱۷ 6۲۲۱6۱۱ 11011
NOT usually affect
تا respects of life.
صفحه 234:
1en persons low in
vement motivation
they blame other
ople and other things
_ for their own failure.
صفحه 235:
0 لكات
Joes NOT let his
Onal ties take away
chances of promotion.
صفحه 236:
a person is low in
ir motivation, he is
۵۱۳۱۷ ۳:۵۲ ۱ ۹
‘ivation and vice versa.
صفحه 237:
b. achieve لي
c. achievement d. achieved
صفحه 238:
Slt ae 620 ناولا
سا ey amelie cele le
to your secretary.
a. delegation b. delegated
c. delegategs d. delegating
صفحه 239:
tition, but no one feels
ous Of someone else.
a. desire b. motive
c. environmen@ d.
improvement
صفحه 240:
in life are usually more
Sful than those who
id their energy in different
tions.
mee Tere Vib ag b. power
c. trait d. concern
=
صفحه 241:
a masterpiece.
b. turned quut
_¢.thought of d. inferred
from
صفحه 242:
mselves.
se Seon
— b. Motivation-oriented
c. Power-oriented
d. Affiliation-oriented
صفحه 243:
۱ ی time, energy
ney to learn English.
aot let b. 6
worthwhile
c. persistent d. exclusive
صفحه 244:
EO a OCR Tcl
hip, sociability or group
bership is called the need
a. اع الام b. leadership
c. affiliation d.
achieveme@t
صفحه 245:
ine is a very
- achievement.
-a, reversible b. variable
-¢€. maintainable d. ~@
creditable
صفحه 246:
تحت د
a b. intensified
c. entangled d. delegated
=
صفحه 247:
310, the main ------- i
get higher and higher
is
‘a. setting b. impact
c. domain d. theme
صفحه 248:
2 ۰۱1 - ~
Sree
“Experiment
صفحه 249:
وه تسس
«Call on
صفحه 250:
ect at the beginning of
0 ا Clause (line 23)
19
“Having finished
homework, Ali went to the
park.
صفحه 251:
2 2 ۳۲۵56۲۱ 0۲ 56 ۱
a نوس و
cussion so far has
bout the use of vocal
symbols...
Wee ee tLe
*I| have seen this film.
صفحه 252:
ا ل 2
= )40 کر
dren develop their own.
S repaired the car.
car has been fixed.
past participle +96 + تاره
صفحه 253:
ie eee 0207
mantic long-term
ory stores whatever is
d to produce language.
nguistic relatively
hypothesis is widely
accepted by ره
theorists.
صفحه 254:
ved the existence of
all movements in the
4- Other experiments have
ای ات denied the
small movements of the
vocal appdratus.
صفحه 255:
| the experiment the
rug had blocked the
=connection between his
—~-muscles and his brain.
6- Only one kind of drug
was used during the 5
experiment.
صفحه 256:
Xpress all our ideas:
8- Knowing a sign language
can improve a deaf person’s
performance on cognitive
and thinking tasks.
صفحه 257:
۱. 02۲۵۱۷66 0. ۷
c. paralytic d.
paralytically
صفحه 258:
ate snake, only a
kind of drug can
the poison.
a. counteractive b. counteract
c. counteraction d.
counteracting
صفحه 259:
rates requires a certain
r of rules as well as
3. 6 b. ین
Cc. generative d.
generation
صفحه 260:
but later it seeps
hat he had literally left
‘university for ever.
=F really b. explicitly
6 Gane ۱7
effortfully
صفحه 261:
سس تست سوت 10۷
ones. مسر
ت 7
c. changes d. effects
صفحه 262:
te words and combine
to make sentences.
a. relate b. infer
c. produce= d.
influence
صفحه 263:
سین lary Reviews" رل
۳ fee for عد
Semantic b. Sign
- - ۰ Vocal
معخ ]ملالا
صفحه 264:
3 و b.
counteraction 4
c. generation 2 وه
صفحه 265:
3 وهای [۳۳ it possible
reate a (n) --------- of
a. infinity™ b. variability
c. reversibility d. heredity
صفحه 266:
a. Mnemonic b.
semantic
c. explicit d. implicit
صفحه 267:
2 b. curiously
Cc. ۷ Ce Pai <=) hg
صفحه 268:
b. fluctuation
c. Delegation
d. counteractio®
صفحه 269:
a. prestigious b. gestural
c. explicit d. deviant
صفحه 270:
سي میس abu
ees irre
(۱۰۷ b. infiniée
ata ad d. infinitive
صفحه 271:
. Key Words
lem-solving
sre and-error
“Algorithm
۵ ial
*Means-ends analysis
صفحه 272:
ise of two verbs together _
8 یی
بت سس
۱ to study.
pped working.
*He tried to pass.
“He tried working harder.
صفحه 273:
SUE La SUS 2 شتا
اف
Ils me, | will talk to
d money, | would buy
۱ had studied harder, |
would have passed.
صفحه 274:
a
ie example at the
inning of the passage
=1s about the use of a trial-
—and-error techhique.
2- We can be sure we can
finally find the solution
through trial-and- error.
صفحه 275:
1۳ eee ساهبه8 7
uristics are more
ve than an algorithm
al-and-error.
i main problem of an
algorithm is that it does NOT
work in a satisfactory way.
2
صفحه 276:
ِ ۱
her, the major
blem is solved.
- Ends are used to get the
appropriate means.
صفحه 277:
rst step of writing a
paper is collecting
gh information.
صفحه 278:
علا ركع زطند عط 6ه 15[
to the next one.
b.
exhaustiveness
c. exhaustive d. exhaustively
صفحه 279:
------ of applying for this
uld you give me the
sary information?
r ۱۳9۱۹۵ b. (۳
Cc. proceeded d.
procedural
صفحه 280:
۳۳
a
c. effortfulness' d. effortful
صفحه 281:
015 carefully to know
proceed on a long
a. promise b. continue
c. divide d. solve
صفحه 282:
2۲ 1 1
uires a huge amount of
TA
00
procedure
c. growth d. mastery
صفحه 283:
WZ: eyes into res
و" ۰
0۰ 1621
وللیل تیا
6 60۳۱۳۵۱616 وي d. persistent
صفحه 284:
3 he brain explores and
es possible lines of
g:
a. Cognition b. algorithm
c. semantic 0.
صفحه 285:
like rowing a boat.
rocedural b. emotional
6۰ 6۴0۳۲۲۷ | 0.
صفحه 286:
ough a maze by -------- ۲
different paths until it
he way out.
eans-end analysis
b. mnemonic device
c. trial- and- errogs
d. rule of thumb
صفحه 287:
۵ d. =
algorithm
صفحه 288:
4
to being killed is to
۳۳0660۷۲3 ۱9 تت
c. alternative d.
alternatively
صفحه 289:
۱ Devices
“Enhance
“Approach
صفحه 290:
plex وود ui 1)
es ee turned
heir attention to the
~ following question: ...
صفحه 291:
aan
He went there but | :نايا
ayed here.
- Complex: He passed because he
had studied well.
صفحه 292:
۳-۸ عكنيواء Co
۱30 550650 is
ed by many studies
صفحه 293:
iew of different
an (whom/that) you
N is intelligent.
صفحه 294:
iew of different © 6:
‘ar that/which crashed
» ۲۲۵۵ ۷۷5۵5 ۰
ook (that/which) you
—_ bought is interesting.
صفحه 295:
تست اع ۷۷۱۲۱
تلاو
6۵۳۱۳۵۵
“Contrast
صفحه 296:
not aes men’s
to think, reason, make
ions, and solve problems.
Knowledge base and
‘metacognition approaches are
similar in some respects.
صفحه 297:
سيرد رت ie
1 ۷۵ a ra is going
our minds.
- Awareness of mental
۱۲0665565 065 7۲
—enhance our mental abilities
very much.
صفحه 298:
ren can gain new
ation better if they
ware of their own
gnitive processes.
صفحه 299:
mprehension Review =—
plication of both
ches together is very
ctive.
: ychology can improve
~—-human welfare if it can bring
_ about important gains in our
cognitive abilities:
صفحه 300:
number of jobless
5
0 لو
c. grew d. grow
صفحه 301:
_b. presumab
c. presumption
d. presumable
صفحه 302:
ون a be سیب
S proved guilty.
resumption hb. presumed
“p d. presuma
صفحه 303:
تور
c. disposable d.
achievable
صفحه 304:
1 6315, because his
2 goal is to buy a
b. stable یاه ات
c. emotional d. minimal
صفحه 305:
TETSU
effect on his heart
blem; he can live for more
rs without any worries.
a. disposable b. paralytic
c. ongoing d. lastjag
صفحه 306:
۱ d into the mountains,
ise there have been no
contacts for 10 hours.
a. effortfully b. infinitely
c. presumabl d.
وت a aed Ag
صفحه 307:
1g 1 consequences of an
d checking the results of
wn action.
-a.algorithm b. metacognition
-¢.semantic d. presumption @
صفحه 308:
abulary CO ee د
TNE his father
ed him to choose his
e of study by himself.
a. grow ع5 .هط
c. reasora d. dispose
صفحه 309:
6 355757500
d. spontaneousks
صفحه 310:
b.
5 لیات روز
c. panicky d.
yar Lei ah)
صفحه 311:
rT Tite
generate
صفحه 312:
ae) at ی فك
ne dictionary at your
_a. presumption b.
- delegation «=
c. arousal d. disposal
صفحه 313:
abulary CO ee a
nin the techniques
or this purpose is
Bila b. panic
c. context d.
gesture
صفحه 314:
abulary Revive د
۳ در ۳ ۳ هت
suffering from a
us mental problem.
a. analyze b. analytical
c. analysigm d. analytic
صفحه 315:
ist have experience with
The environment to be able to
correctly ---------- 3
within it.
a. perceptual b.
perceptible 5
c. perception d. perceive
صفحه 316:
۶
Cc. permeable d. permeat@a
صفحه 317:
abulary CO ee د
for the study of
ior in which only the
-- responses were
a. observablegs b. observer
c. observe Co
observation
صفحه 318:
0۳0۵9۲۵۵۵9
- ۰ ۲
d. progressive
صفحه 319:
= =
۳5 ییاوه که d. criminality
صفحه 320:
5 re Ph torts
01115.
10005
c. distinctiv d.
distinctively
صفحه 321:
pu = Reviews = “م
5 رتست ین
jatry practice, it was
adopted by
hiatrists.
9
c. psychoanalytic
d. psychoanalytically
صفحه 322:
16۲6۵۲۱۳2
۱ ور
-c. interconnected
d. interconnecting
صفحه 323:
c. sympathetically
d. sympathetigg
صفحه 324:
GOOD LUCK