sampling design

sampling design

اسلاید 1: Chapter 4:Sampling Design

اسلاید 2: Population or Universe:All items in any field of inquiry constitute a ‘Universe’ or ‘Population.’ The whole group of people, objects, events etc. having some common characteristic and which is being researched on is called a ‘Universe’ or ‘Population.’

اسلاید 3: Census:A complete enumeration of all items in the ‘population’ is known as a census.In such an inquiry, no element of chance is left and highest accuracy is obtained.

اسلاید 4: The slightest element of bias in such an inquiry will get larger and larger as the number of observation increases.This method is practically beyond the reach of ordinary researchers.This type of inquiry involves a great deal of time, money and energy.But in practice census may not be true:

اسلاید 5: Many a time it is not possible to examine every item in the population.Considerations of time and cost almost invariably lead to a selection of respondents i.e., selection of only a few items.Sometimes it is possible to obtain sufficiently accurate results by studying only a part of total population.The respondents selected should be as representative of the total population.The selected respondents constitute what is technically called a ‘sample’ and the selection process is called ‘sampling technique.’

اسلاید 6: For Example: If there are 145 patients in a hospital and 40 of them are to be surveyed by the hospital administrator to assess their level of satisfaction with the treatment received, then these 40 members will be the sample.Sample survey:Collects information from a sample of the population.Survey can be conducted by anyone.Survey can be done in a shorter periode of time.