بازاریابی الکتریکی ژاپن

بازاریابی الکتریکی ژاپن

اسلاید 1: Japanese Electricity Market M. Hossein JavidiIran Electricity Market Regulatory Organization & Administrative Department for Electricity Market Regulatory Boardhttp://www.iesrd.org

اسلاید 2: در كشور ژاپن در سال 1925 و قبل از جنگ جهاني دوم تعداد 738 شركت برق وجود داشت. در سال 1939 تجهيزات توليد و انتقال با ظرفيتهاي بيشتر از حد مشخصي در شركت دولتي توليد و انتقال برق ژاپن ( Japan Electrical Generation and Transmission Co.)ملحق شدند و درطول دوران جنگ بقيه شركتهاي باقيمانده بداخل اين شركت و نه (9) شركت توزيع برق ملحق گرديدند.

اسلاید 3: بعد از پايان جنگ جهاني دوم و در سال 1951، ژاپن به 9 ايالت (بعدا به 10 ايالت افزايش يافت) تقسيم شد و يك سيستم ادغام شده شامل توليد، انتقال و توزيع در هر ناحيه تأسيس گرديد كه توسط شركتهاي خصوصي مورد بهره برداري قرار گرفت. در بازار امروز اين 10 شركت بهمراه عمده فروشان برق و اعضاء جديد بدنه اصلي بازار برق ژاپن را تشكيل مي دهند.

اسلاید 4: In Japan there are 10 private electric utilities, all vertically-integrated (from generation to retail supply). They are all regional monopolies, with their own franchise areas. Between generators, inter utility trade is carried out to ensure security of supply.

اسلاید 5: The Electric Power Development Co Ltd(EPDC) The Japan Atomic Power Company (JAPC)The Joint-Venture Power Utilities.There are three wholesale suppliers of power

اسلاید 6:

اسلاید 7: DEMANDJapanese electricity demand has shown a steady increase from 1965 to 1998, with a 5.3 percent average annual growth (EDMC/IEEJ 2000).

اسلاید 8:

اسلاید 9: ELECTRICITY SECTOR RESTRUCTURINGDeregulation of the electricity sector began in 1995. The Electricity Utilities Industry Law, the main legislation covering the electricity industry, was amended as a result of a number of pressures, including:The global energy sector reform trendThe comparatively high electricity tariffs in Japan The deteriorating load factor (due to a sharp increase in demand in the summer).

اسلاید 10: 1995 Amendment to the Electric Utility Industry Law (EUIL), April 21, 1995در بخش توليد برق، به منظور داخل نمودن توليد كنندگان جديد، پيش نياز صدور مجوز براي توليد كننده هاي مستقل (IPP) که براي مصارف خودشان برق توليد مي نمايند، حذف گرديد. مشتركيني كه برق مورد نياز خود را توليد مي كنند، درحال حاضر اجازه دارند كه برق توليدي خود را از طريق خطوط انتقال شركتها به محل ديگري منتقل نمايند. سيستم جديدي در بخش خرده فروشي برق تشكيل گرديد كه توليد بوسيله Co-generation ونيز خرده فروشي برق راممكن ساخت.

اسلاید 11:

اسلاید 12: Outline of Regulatory Reform in Japan

اسلاید 13: Japanese Electric Utilities have been generation private companies for more than 50 years; no generation privatization except for EPDCderegulation-utilities favorliberalization - new entrants favormarket restructuring - more neutrallyOutline of Regulatory Reform in Japan

اسلاید 14: Electricity1995 Amendment to the Electric Utility Industry Law (EUIL), April 21, 1995.1999 Amendment to the EUIL, became effective on March 21, 2000.

اسلاید 15: Gas and Oil1999 Amendment to the Gas Utility Industry Law (GUIL), Nov 1999, increase competition between gas and electric utilities2001 Abolishment of the Special Law for Supply Security of Oil, April, 2001, would brought complete free competition of oil market

اسلاید 16: 1999 Amendment to the EUIL, lunched on March 21, 2000Partially liberalized the retail supply segment, permitting large-scale consumers to choose their own electricity supplier for:Those with demand of more than 2 megawatts and at the level of 20 kilovolts or higher.

اسلاید 17: Made the vertically integrated power companies to establish separate accounting systems for their generation and transmission operationspromotes competition by permitting supplying other region1999 Amendment to the EUIL, became effective on March 21, 2000

اسلاید 18:

اسلاید 19:

اسلاید 20:

اسلاید 21: 1995 Amendment Accelerated the competition among IPPsElectricity rates in 1996 were nearly 6.3 percent lower than the 1989 base rate.In 1998, the average rate paid by residential customers decreased by 4.5 percent over the previous year, while that paid by commercial and industrial customers declined by 5.1 percent

اسلاید 22: Existing electric industries accelerate to reduce their investment and debt assetsFeb 2001 : TEPCO announce to halt their investment on new plants for 3 to 5 years, and with cut their annual investment as below 1000 billion yen in 2001, first time since 1979

اسلاید 23: Series of halt of new power plants and reduced annual investmentMar 2001 : Kansai Power Co. reduced annual investment by 10%, and delayed 3 new plants, stop 10 plants, and close 3 plantsMar 2001 : Chubu Power Co. reduced annual investment by 13%, and delayed and halt 5 plantsMar 2001 : Tohoku Power Co. reduced annual investment by 15%Mar 2001 : Hokuriku Power Co. reduced annual investment by 24%, and halt Takakura pumping dam (Hokuriku Power)

اسلاید 24: Series of halt of new power plants and reduced annual investmentMar 2001 : Shikoku Power Co. reduced annual investment by 20%,Mar 2001 : Kyushu Power Co. reduced annual investment by 8.4%, and halt 2 coal coal power plantsAug 2001 : Niigata pumping dam (EPDC)However, only nuclear exempted from generation suspending

اسلاید 25: Rapid increase of distributed generation power supply companies in the field of regulated market:16 companies set up, consisting:Independent : 7Oil company : 1Gas company : 1Electric utilities : 7Anyway, electricity market is starting to change

اسلاید 26: Competitive IndustryA view from:

اسلاید 27: limited availability of and access to inputs for power generation, including fuel, land, and generating assets;lack of access to excess generation capacity;transmission access issues, including pricing for transmission service that may render retail supply by new market entrants uncompetitive;limited potential access to the power pool operated by the vertically integrated electric utilities in Japan;A View from Competitive Industry

اسلاید 28: lack of unbundling of the vertically integrated electric utilities;lack of an independent regulator;lack of an independent system operator; environmental requirements (especially at the prefecture and municipal levels) that delay power plant development and result in high construction costs; andlocal certification requirements for power generating equipment that are based on safety rather than on performance standards, and that differ from international norms.A View from Competitive Industry

اسلاید 29: Tax reform both reviewing existing tax and introducing environmental tax; stranded cost, which might largely come from nuclear assets;introducing promotion mechanism for renewable and distributed energy system, which would compatible with new electricity market;introducing promotion mechanism for energy efficiency, which would compatible with new electricity marketLack of open and democratic policy process, which has long been dominated by the bureaucracy (METI); Remaining Issues toward Sustainable Energy System