تاریخچه روانشناسی

تاریخچه روانشناسی

اسلاید 1: PsychologyHistory & Perspectives

اسلاید 2: Psychology = Science of behavior and mental processesA specific way of asking and answering questions.Any action that is observable and thus recordable.Internal experiences such as sensations, dreams, thoughts, and feelings

اسلاید 3: How? Kidnapped 2 infants from a lower class mother. Not spoken a word.Results Children first said “becos” a Phrygian word for “bread”

اسلاید 4: Predict what will happenSystematically observe eventsDo events support predictionsLife Before PsychologyRené Descartes(1596-1650)Philosophy asks questions about the mind: Does perception accurately reflect reality? How is sensation turned into perception?Problem - No “scientific” wayof studying problemsPhysiology asks similar questions about the mindSCIENTIFICMETHOD

اسلاید 5: FoundersJohn Locke (1600’s)Experience shapes the mind“Tabula Rasa” or blank slateCharles Darwin (mid-1800s)His idea of natural selection says that nature chooses those characteristics or behaviors that best enable an organism to survive.This helped explain why organisms behave the way they do.

اسلاید 6: Psychology Is BornWilhelm Wundt(1832-1920)First Experimental Psych Lab (1879)Focuses on the scientific study of the mind.WW insists that Psych methods be as rigorousas the methods of chemistry & physics.University of LeipzigHarvard UniversityYale UniversityColumbia UniversityCatholic UniversityUniv of PennsylvaniaCornell UniversityStanford UniversityWundt’s students start labsacross USA (1880-1900)

اسلاید 7: StructuralismIntrospection was a technique used in which subjects report in response to stimuli (red light).Introspection means to look inside oneself.If we can understand the building blocks of basic processes, we will be able to put it together to understand complex processes.Edward Titchener came to the U.S. and used Wundt’s approach.Looking inward will show us structure!

اسلاید 8: FunctionalismWilliam James, the first American psychologist, felt that structuralism was too limited. Founded functionalism, which studied how complex mind processes evolve because of life preserving functions.He studied not only observations, but how mental processes, emotions, and self-concept worked to influence behavior. How do people function?