متون روانشناسی به زبان خارجی

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ly Lh ‏درس: متون روانشناسى نه‎ ey 3 ‏تعداد واحد:‎ English in Psychology lewis eli: ۱ er tee eee eee ‏توي کننده: دکتر منوچهر جعفری‎ 4 

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۰ معادلف ارسیو تلفظ مرور نکاتپربسامد دستوری واژگانی ‎iy, papery heer‏ مرور واژگان‌مهم با لنجام تمريناتجند گزینه لی-4 

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انتظار مى رود دَانسَحِويَان ين ‎Myet fees be‏ .معنی‌و کاربرد واژگان‌مهم درس‌را بدانند 1۳ . ‎ee ETE SE SE eRe bea‏ مر .شدهم را در متنهاىمشاباه تشخيص بدهند متن‌های‌مشابه را با سرعتو سطح ‎eer‏ ‎CER T, Yorrh‏ .لنواع كلمه لنكليسىرا از هم تشخيص دهند -5 

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| GSS Oe PES pew ye bye re ees) Seer Dvn ee Lee ‏.برخوردار است‎ 

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۳۱۸۸۳۲۶۲ 0۱۱۲ 0 ‏یم‎ 7 a LCC ‏ا‎ ‎shology/Psychologist ‎fospection ‎== lental processes eee Gestalt Psychology **Psychoanalysis “Cognitive Psychology 

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econd verb used 00 كه 8 0 introspections ..., (and ey used) using the same — verbal instruction to each person who participated. 

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Deleting Tre 06 phras _— ecting on (the mind) and speculating about the Siler 

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ieved that introspection ‘ed results which could fer be proved or disproved. “Object + be + Past Participle ** His idea was accepted. 

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ug that) advocating fat human being should be regarded as complex animals... 

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| aes belreved, that 5ychology could make any aims to being a science —— itself: to emulate the natural, psychology must adopt its objective methods. 

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> مر یره = — ening of the first logy laboratory is the n of the actual beginning Eady Naeem lee lates 

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St psychologists 5 their own thoughts, 5 and feelings, in order 10W more abot human 

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© ‏واعصه‌ط‎ ۳۵۷۱۵ ae ‏شارت رازن‎ ۳۸ e objective ۰ According to behaviorists, =the same objective method — could be used to study man T and animals. 

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۱ 5 at scientific logy is the studypof nan behavior. 

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ologists ‏جح‎ 001106 of Someone’s behavior ; the same as its part ther. a. challenged _b. supported = c. marked d. analyzed 

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Yocabulary.Review= ‏ا‎ a. imitate b. relate Poy ten.) A ratktain 

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۱۷ ‏ار *(جوره‎ ۳ al opinions influence dgment or a. objective, b. unbiased c. personal d. cognitive 

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ed for some time to my suggestion e he accepted it. ۰۱ ‏و‎ 0. 6. 6 d. associate 

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۲ b. creditable >. prestigious d. ‏او ری‎ 

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s his or her behavior. personality ‏كم‎ Celia Bes la late) d. prejudice 

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1 b. images ‘c. functions d. species 

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sychoanalysts >. d. psychoanalyses 

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ام تلن لاد عوكلا rious mental problem. 3. ‏5أ5نا|302‎ b. analytical c. analysi@ d. analytic 

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۱ perceptual b. perceptible ۲ ‏ب‎ ‎Cc. perception d. perceive 

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‎ae a‏ کرت ‎Ke GIO GY.) —‏ ول اله در ‎Key Words‏ ‎Experimental Psychology‏ = ‎z a = Cognition/cognitive‏ ‎Physiological Processes‏ » ‎Comparative Psychology‏ ** ‎Learning‏ * ‎ ‎ ‎ 

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cesses, physiological - processes, comparative _ psychology, and learning - and ... 

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۳ lated to (behavior and ental processes) and influence behavior and mental processes. 

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Zing parts of ~ from ‏اا‎ 4 356۳۷6 + ‏عاطق‎ 2< 6 ‘implicit + ly = implicitly ** condition + ed= conditioned 6 

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Pquent use ‏يك‎ a ive r Was inspired by ۶۷۷۲۲۱ 5 theory of lution and it... 

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Onditioning Theory, ... 

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GOmprehension Review = hysiological sychologistsfry to find what each part of the ‏یایاوز‎ 

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imal psychology the same meaning. 

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ng processes make portant issue in social developmental ۲ hology. Social learning theorists reject the basic principles of conditioning. F 

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verbal behavior. ات یت ری 7 ‎encouraged‏ c. spread d. reached 

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r that she had a problem. b. attained = d. _ ¢. reflected emulated 

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5-5 ing occurs when the ed material is not ed in memory. __ a, varied b. influenced ‏رت‎ d. compared 

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9 remedy b. prejudice c. temptation d. 7 

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b. functional ۰ observational d. conditional = 

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ing) animals in their ! environment is the a. consulJt b. retain c. attain d. evolve 

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91116 ۲6۵50۱۱ ۳۵۱۳ ۱5 ۴ - the learned a. retain b. confine "۰. 1 d. advocate 

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res of successive Prations are changed 2355366 processes. a. ‏اه‎ am 0. ۱۳۵۳۵۵ c. attainable d. implicit 

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a. permeation ‏لت وان‎ c. inspiration d. implication 

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Yocabulary.Review= ‏پچ‎ ‎۱۲/11/ 211 ۵۱:0۵116۱3۱ ۱6۵۲116 ۵ —- ۱110 ۱۱ 3 ۳3۲۲۱۱۱۵۲ ۷۷۵۷ ۲0 3 lus that previously did not produce the response, the process is complete. a. conditioning 5 consultation ¢. diagnosis d. heredity 

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0666 ‏اا رد سر‎ a is 01 ‏تم‎ ‏حا‎ darkness and test what jility to fly or gather food. a. genders b. ‏تن‎ c. subdivisions’ d. observations 

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۳۱ ۳۳۳۳ uestions, psychiatrists efer to --------- ask for the rmation they needed. “a. imply b. implicitly c. implicit d. implicati 

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mpermeable ۰ c. permeable d. ess 

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a. observable™ b. observer c. observe d. observation 

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0 ددا سادرم jevelopmental Psychology = Abnormal Psychology ۰ ۱۱۱۵۱۷۱۵ ‏اهب‎ ۱۲۲6۲۵۵5 ** Personality ‎Intelligence‏ ره ‎** Social Psychology ‎ 

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cil un + ly = adjective Sey + ly= orderly “man + ly = manly 

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ditional 1515111101 3 ‏رل‎ a rine ‏و حليك ليا‎ of life, child IsyChology, the study of ildren’s behavior, ... 

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‘Shortened relative RoE ae dine 13) = ane kinds of behavior 71191] -316( ۲۵۱۱۵ ۱ disturbed children are - frequently quite different from the behaviors (that are) found in disturbed adults, ... 

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Comprehension Review = ody’s behavior better if ow iqs changes. elopmental psychologists nerally study age ‏نو‎ ‎۱6۲6 2۳6 ۲۱۵۲۱۷ 5 between adults’ and children’s psychological disorders. 

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Coss ‏ورد ردیر‎ Review =~ - don’t last long are considered a part of a = According to some psychologists IQ tests are NOT validy 

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Comprehension ۳۵۷6 erm intelligence clear ۰ Our self-concept is completely the result of __ the way others tre¢t us. 

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زر تعنلا serious ۰۳ ~ Clinical c. lasting d. active 

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=) eet b. genetic -¢. Valid d. objective 

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Voce MT es ‏ید‎ a. endurance b. diagn@sis Cc. progress d. disorder 

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= 6 -a. diagnose b. comprise Cc. recognize d. prescribe 

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contrast b. overl d. fluctuate -¢, Vary 

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¢, contribution d. expression 

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eure mice a. disturb 7 -— prejudic c. deviate d. progress 

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a. nurture b. heredity c. evolution d. cognition 

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۷ لد توا ول 6۰ progress progressive 

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© حل الال يليار الى ان 

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وريم ه8520 رم = .ىا nical Psychology = 0026005 Psychology ‏ات تست‎ Psychology Industrial Psychology ** Organizational Psychology 

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=i reese nizing Tas of 3 بای نوهاهطا بزعع: 

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ayes clause to modify as people (line 12) = ifference in training that the clinical chologist, who does hot have medical training, 

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might leave tomorrow. You should see a doctor. -** You must obey traffic rules. 

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2 ise of “neither/nor” - ۱1۴۳/۵۲۰۵ ۲ ۳۰ her Ali or John can ve the class. -**Both Ali and John left. 

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ect 1112623۳5 6 ‏سم‎ ‎inning of the second an ah} ig tests and information ained from consultations ith the student and his or er parents, the school psychologist tries to ... 

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-2- ‏سك‎ D. is the short forfn for “Doctor of psychology”. 

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85 ۱۱۱ ۱۱۵5۱۲ 5۲21656, 2 )۱۳۱]۵۱ psychologist is NOT allowed to Ommit a patient to a hospital 101 6۹۲6 2۳1 ۰ - 4- Clinical psychologists are better able to do research work than psychiatrists. 

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(eon a ‏را‎ F unseling and school psychologists use tests to obtair the information they need. 

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1202 ۳۳۳۳۳۳۳ or helps people find ۱۸ ۱۱0۱۲ person to marry. b. advieer ۱ reinforcer d. interpreter 

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cine such as aspirin 50 a headache. b. confine retain d. advocate 

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و ديم ‎agnosing a disease.‏ ee a Caae oF prescribes 

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Se lea b. arousa c. credit d. remedy 

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a. speculate b. inspire c. consult d. disturb = 

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ana not their translations. ۰ ‏رت میات‎ b. 03 ‏لكت‎ ‎6. d. deduction 

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--0۲ < ۰ a. fluctuation b. distinction C. supervision, d. consultation 

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a. Clinical b. cognitive c.experimental' d. physiological 

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a. distinction b. distinctions C, distinctiv d. SON 

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Ca ulary,Review= oo Siri 00 sychoanalyze EOCENE c. psychoanalytic d. psychoanalytically 

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APTER la VE - 8 00 Development Physical Development **Socio-emotional Development Continuity “Domain 

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@ 4) ¢ ۳۳ development - ۴ ٩۲۱0 more specificall human development - from all other ... 

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he book (that) you bought is interesting. 

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۱1۷/۹۱۵ ‏لم واع يععل‎ =A developmental ‘psychologist is interested in how an individual’s characteristics change 5 he gets older. 

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tidat development is inuous €nd gradual. Psychological growth is getting bigger and better every day and every waly. 

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elopmental psychology. child’s development is ‘studied by obtaining information - from all the three domains. 3 

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b. physical ¢. intellectual d. hypothetical 

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2 ‏ی‎ ‎-G. Curiosity Co ‏فتتروت» 19 ميت‎ 

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Loe - distinguish c. assimilate ‏عباط امم .ل‎ 

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0 را ‎exhausted‏ - c. recognized d. proceeded 

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- association 35 6 d. sympathy 

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b. analogy c. grimace d. concept 

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3 — b. overt c. total d. inborn 

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Yocabulary.Review= ‏ا‎ 3 6 ۰ recognition a c. recognizable d. recognizably 

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c. interconnected d. interconnecting 

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6 Teen 1. 6۷۱۵۵۵ | 

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مم نا ۲6۲۵0 * Polygenic ** Genotype/Phenotype “Expression 

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j deleted words ‏رز‎ ‎comprehension (line 7) 6۷ attempt to integrate tinctive contributions of = heredity and environment, 7 ‏ا را رازه‎ they attempt) not to separate them. 

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: ais sometimes used to oduce more info a the very beginning, interaction between es, the smallest units __ that carry information about heredity,... 

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veloping individual, ~ beginning with the fertilized egg. 

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ional sentence t ‏ی‎ “if” deleted (line 24) TMV] CM LAC ‏عنعن‎ to decipher ..., we | would not be able to predict the phenotype. 

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۰۷۷ 0 ‏نان‎ ‎see him, | 5 talk to d a car, | would drive. had studied harder, | = ‏واه‎ have passed the ~ exam. 

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re of ‏هد‎ 2 genes may 9 d from expressing 6۱۷۵5 ۷ ۰ ject + be + Past - Participle “The car was painted. 

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SETI clause of tim ‏درو‎ 3 ‏دید‎ tT there is little -—_ little stimulation of the mind, intelligence is ... 

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fe past child opment was directed - ‏بر‎ Paar 0 are determined by only one ‏لس‎ 

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ene but may NOT t the trait caused by ‏لا‎ 07 

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— environment. 

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environment has no on the expression of ۳ -6- Sociability is aif example __ Of a polygenic trait. 

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‎a‏ ا یردان مك ‎between ‏و یی‎ ogists and school 1. ‎a. interact b. ‏رتنیا‎ ‎c. interactive d. interactively 

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سور ۱ 30 aes Saar 1 ause of some humans 25۰ رت ۱۷۵۵۲۵۵۵ .ج ‎c. hypothetical d.‏ ‎hypothetically‏ 

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a Good - extensive c. subjective d. speculative 

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fab METS a Cut ee - government education . contributed b. integrated c. disposed d. conceived 

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ا جهانم عيرارد اناد 20 11۷ ‏عه‎ oe oO influence different a. assimilate 0. ۲۱۰ ‏ها‎ ‎c. interconnect d. interact 

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30 er ose ‏سور‎ a. inference b. persistenc c. analogy d. energy 

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- hb. contributory c. prejudiced d. disturbed 

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—_ “بييه انلعج برصدان 3۳ cause more than one Ss responsible for its ssion. ۳ reversible b. intuitive c. intellectual d. polyge@ic 

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b. disorder -c.temperament. d. phenotype 

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—_ 7 مرها 30 ape ‏ع‎ Way in | he organism will elop. a. genes b. genotype c. phenotype d. genetics 

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PTER«SEVEN ll 0 ۱ Key Words Cognitive Development ‏و ات را‎ ~ * Assimilation *° Accommodation ‏50م و‎ هک 

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“اس 35 ises- ‏."وج"‎ (۳ 5-5 orks as a psychologist. saw him as he left. 

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at the end ‏رین‎ 06 (line 7) ‏سس‎ ideas were Se ee “Object + be+ P.P.+ by+subject 

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is “it” does not er ‏یو 1 تیچ رب‎ 1 هد ‎it‏ سس ‎n many respects ..‏ s strange that he left 

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6 توت SU ‏ا‎ a is too hot to is too young to drive. have too much work to go on atrip. 

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اد بت ی ۹ ‎tences (line 42) —‏ ees the same Dises breathing, (he) hes them being petted heir trainer, and (he) is Jowed to touch one himself. 

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Core ‏رد‎ Sen 3 ‏سس‎ 1767 et believe Gliidiren’s cognitive abilities are ly developed than ETL ‏د‎ ‎Baits ec accept et’s theory as an exact lescription of cognitive ~development. 

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2 underlying nisms of cognitive = Object permanence is a very important achievement of the first stage. 

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COM 570 Ta se of mental images ‘verbal symbols. 

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comprehension aS b= ۷۱۷/0۱۱0 answers to the ard tube and balls dicate that the child 

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Corel Secret eye ۵۷6۲۲ ۳۲ Conceptual! categories ppear in the third ۰ dhe individuals at the =f10rmal operation stage may NOT actually use their advanced forms of thought aid reasoning. 

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د بمو الهم يدانا ا 1 s, but a painter ses his feelings in gs and colors. a. verbalize ۳ verbalization c. verbal d. verbally 

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8 Se ۹۳ ‏تا فا‎ 0۵. ۲۵۷ c. variability d. varied 

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i itienpRevieus he can use general les to solve particular ere b. deductign c. deductive d. deductively 

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- جهنم مدان م 5000 ی و ۱016566۲ ۰ expert _ €. Curious d. adealt 

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لهت یی ‘abulary.Rev 0 e 1 ng feelings may mental disorders. endency b. sympathy == pressure rc expression 

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. He might be more nt than you are. derestimat@ 00 c. sympathize d. contribute 

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لا لاله نویه ار ری ۱ ‎c. accommodation d. interconnection‏ 

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۳ b. overt meee ele | d. genetic 

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230 See = -- ‏تن‎ aha ‏للح‎ ‎, love, kindness etc. : concrete b. random ۳ d. verbal 

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= ی 230 7 ۱۱۷ deals ‏اين‎ forces act on --------- objects. a. mature ‏عشمونع مم .كط‎ _¢. random d. variable 

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TER EIGH — ِ ‏ص00‎ ‎“*Reinforcement ‎“Experiment 

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عم ا و ‎ine 4)‏ ی 1 1 1 his investigation, ticed a curious fact: 1e dogs which were — subjects in his studies ... 

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ened relative cl 9 1 = is was followed by a ond stimulus (that as) known to produce a rong effect on salivation (dried meat powder (that was) put... 

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assive sentences. © — 2 ‏سین‎ — ی ۱ been called. ainted the house. e house was painted. ۱ ais “It will be painted. 

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50, ۷۵ 52۱0 ۰ 

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is is a terrifying story. e child was terrified. =**The boring film tired everyone. **All the students were bored. 

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۱ ۱/16 ۱۱۱۱۲۱۵۱ aim of Paviov Was to study the responses ‘of dogs to certain stinfuli. = the bell was called a conditioned stimulus because it made the dogs salivete at first. 

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Om prehension 00 he > photo was presented as the conditioned response. 1 

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—_ ول 20 1 ‏تزری‎ are don’t e other organisms of 1 ‏لوا ارات‎ .0 ۵ جح ‎c. suitable d. adaptable‏ 

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‎as ۳‏ مك ‎96 ‏نز‎ changes the 20 century. ‎a.-comprised b. speculated c@#xperienced d. concerned 

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۱۳9 old memories. abulary. Revi b. introduce c. reduce @ d. produce 

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8 0۳ 72 ert: of something ee c. condition d. maintain 

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كد به 3 ara? by studying d night. a. ۵ out b. mel) c. set out d. undergone 

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3 ae ‏كد‎ : 0000 c. adaptive d. extensive 

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b. salivary c. conditioned d. GC ee me 

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00 ‎ae‏ لل تا ‎c. prejudice d. status‏ 

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1 ea - contrasted c. tended d. aroused 

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Cc 0 aVe ۰ --- to discover new curiosity b. curious Cc. Salivate ‏ار‎ 

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<A ‏او‎ ‎rant Conditioning - Primary Reinforcer — Positive Reinforcer ‏ول را 0 اراك‎ ste * Punishment 

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تا رات کت ۱۱۰۰۱۸ ۱ ‏اي‎ hard for the op studied hard and he —-— Passed. (compound) 3.He studied hard because he wanted to pass. (complex) 

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ELS Cee ee ight rain tonight. J Can/may leave now. ou should be careful. “We must obey the law. 

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‘repeated words (line = — 2 ‏مسا‎ ere some response is wed by unpleasant muli or events, or (where ome response is followed) by the omission of positive CTT oe 

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3 a 5-5 ging ver ‏لكلا ليلا‎ ULL oa کریا ریا موز رای وا ‎e + tion = acquisition‏ ‎aress + sion = suppression‏ ‎Arouse + al = arousal‏ ‘end + ency = tendency 

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= «9 ‏فزاات توت و۱3‎ of two Hinds of events. 2- A positive reinforcer increases the tendency to do a certain action again. 

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tive reinforcer can he same effect in en we perform an action to escape a negative ۲6۲۱۱۲۵۲6۵۲, ۷۷6 ۱۲۸۵۷ 10۵ ۲ action again and again. 

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nere is NOT much Gifference between nishment and a ative reinforcer. - We may suppress a form _ of behavior because of a negative reinforcey. 

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- C. suppressing d. suppression 

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- سمه انهه مدان ا 0 ‏ده‎ a ‏تس‎ ‎dge of English. ontrol b. g@in c. advise d. connect 

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mic crisis, it is not wise er the taxes. 00 ۳۵۳۰ و 4 لورت ی 0 ‎implication‏ 

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| 8: ‏ندلوه‎ b. retain c. refrain d. WALES) 

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elligent someone is. b. infer c. interact d. ‏أمءع اعنام‎ 

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fab METS a Cut ee - 0 > = f a student’s correct se is a best ----------- orcer for that behavior. a. conditioning’ b. stimulus c. negative d. posite 

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- اي ا one’s ae 207 have b. associate ‎d.‏ و ات۳ ‎embarrass‏ 

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8 0۳ 72 a. intellect b. status c. inference d. permanence 

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20 a _— ۳۹ ۳3 ‏در‎ Pa ‏عن‎ ‎money to pay for his a. prejudiced b. Sag LT Ts) c. persisted d. impressed 

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| 3. ۵ b. acquired c. counteracted d. a associated 

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c. acquisition d. exclusion 

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earning = Performance 7 eels “Temporary ‏و‎ ‏و‎ 

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‘S with modals (line "> ‏مسد‎ ‏تسا‎ repaired. might write it. 1 might be written. aa CBee ST ns “It must be painted. 

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ang Fy: ١ nouns into vior + al = behavioral ‏۱0یا‎ + 3۳۷ - utionary —~*Danger + ous = dangerous “History + ic = historic 

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٩ 4 A 5510 1 0 

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e as the subject or ss موق نك ‎ct‏ luenced by ... hat you Say is true. want to know what he did. 

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a behavioral change is _ observed only once, it cannot - be considered learning. T 

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صفحه 188:
Comprehension 0 ‎ning is also the‏ كه ‎Hatural result of gro-ving‏ ‎= An exam is one of the ways to find out +f learning has happened or not. ‎ 

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#۳ 0 36110111101166] 0۱۲۲ ,۵0۱۱۱۷ وا ۲ ۱95 ۱6۵۲۱۱۱۳۸ 1۲ 5 According to the second efinition current — performance is almost the same as potential behavior based on ‏یت‎ 

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lowe believes that we ۲۱۱ because we want to tect ourselves and Make our capacities larger. 9- An adaptive change helps us to be more effective in our environnyent. 

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a. implicitly b. imply c. implici d. ‏ی‎ 

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—a. extend ey 17 ۱۳ ‏ا‎ d. extensively 

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‘a ‏به‎ a ould not --------- 0 ew weather conditions len they migrated from n to Norway. a. adapt b. adaptation c. adaptive d. adaptable 

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سین بمو الهم يدانا دا ۳ te memory and g; they are closely a. disturbed b. counted c. changed d. joined 

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els Ca = 7 t about great re 20* century. 2: 60۳2 b. counted -c. needed d. separated 

صفحه 196:
كد به 3 recognize b. suggeste c. allowed d. distinguish 

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fab METS a Cut ee = rectly observable, they e measured easily. = Pei tle [1 b. states c. amounts d. concegts 

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20 ‏یهن‎ a ror 0 in all environments. a. adaptives b. curious ¢. reversible d. prejudiced 

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‎oe =‏ ا ‎=F fatigued ‎- reinforced c. extended 0 conditioned 

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3 eat ee ‏د‎ ات ۰ aptable b. inferential c. permanent d. cumulati¢e 

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سور نو مك Sa . ‏سوس‎ ۷۵ e what we really know. reinforcement ١ 06110 11011 c. competence d. association 

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a. expression ۵ 0 ‎d. co‏ حتاف ‎permanence‏ 

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كد به 3 d by observing performance. b. _ reinforces c. disorders d. remedies 

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eory/Theorist Sompetence Sa = 0 اک ۷۵۲۵0 ‎“Energize‏ 

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j ‏مکی‎ ass CEE = ۲ 6059۳01695 05 515دةط عط م 3 فا ار 

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! parallel structures (line 10) earning theorist, for example, have also been ‘concerned with what arouses behavior, (and learning theorists have been concerned with) what gives it direction. 

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and expressionsithat ( ‏یت‎ e other hand e contrary Bed Fo) T= ‏م ]امك م1[‎ 05 

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nd expressio Sl BUC ae 0 addition to -** Furthermore *“*As a matter of fact 

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and ‏سرت‎ uta * ۸5 ‏اعع۲ و‎ As a consequence 

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‘ent psychologists give nt definitions for e arousal, direction and persistence of behavior are - studied only by motivation theorists. 

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is On the study of those that arouse and 4- The factors that arouse, - energize and direct our behavior are almost the same. 

صفحه 212:
Comprehension I TeNV7 (1 esia)person repeat a) ~ ۳ ‏ومع‎ is ‏دنت‎ ۳۱۹10 orists, some motivational processes underlie our behavior all the time. ne 

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—_ “بييه انلعج برصدان 3۳ ~ ‏تن‎ 2 < 2 necessary skills and ledge, but he never s hard enough. a. competence ‏.هط‎ ais c. compete d. competition 

صفحه 214:
a. stabilize b. stability c. stable d. stably 

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۳ a b. exclusion c. exclusive d. exclusively 

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20 ‏ید‎ a b. meaningful c. curious d. successful 

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fab METS a Cut ee = e elections caused anger among them. -a. exclusions b. evolution 3 assignment ro commitment 

صفحه 218:
3 Ta a - ae eech had an effect on our rather than our reasons. 2 0۷۵ ۱ ‏ار‎ ‎c. perceptions d. ۳ 

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كد به 3 , 1 86 are some of our a. prejudices ‏تیا یرت‎ . 6۰ ۱۳۱۳۲655 ]0۱5 ۰ motives 

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eae iC ~ variable c. persistent d. intense b. 

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ا “بسانم مدان لت of the new epee ‏رم‎ ‎d, because it can fice the desired effects a. prestige b. variation Cc. ‏رنى قن‎ 6" 01. 

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‎lary Review = a‏ مك ‏سب وی ی سا سا سس سر ‎32-5 No other reporters ‎art in the interview. ‎~a. contrasting b. immediate c. thematic d. exclusive 

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- diagnose c. maintain d. intensify 

صفحه 224:
_ رز a. intensity, b. tendency c. competence d. maintenance 

صفحه 225:
فد كل ال es ven ۳ 1 — = ‏تا‎ 2 ۱ Key Words ivation/Motive ۰ ۸6۱۱۱۵۷۵۱۵۱ ۵ 3 ‏ده دأ كم‎ 110117 “Power Motive Prestige ‏ای وف‎ 

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se of certain pre ‏كمه‎ ‎ine 1) Surprised at “* Accustomed to 

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۳0۲ 6۵۵۳ ۵۰ رت ات تال ‎psychologists‏ d answer: through 0011 ~ human motives. 

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fiew of passive > ‏ع‎ ‎cture rat) 28( 01 measuring all of the motives... -** Object + be + past participle 

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ned relative Roe ‏ا‎ Late) ibs (that require) requiring "independent action and -- decision-making often have children (who are) higher in such motivation... 

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2102 71 ۳۰۷۹ 6 artist destroyed his ainting because he 1 ought he could paint 715610867 ۰۱2۵ ۰ 2- The affiliation motive caused the woman to give up her law ۰ 

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ose who just try to get ~ by, are low in achievement motivation. 

صفحه 232:
d power motives are leasured quite fifferently. = Differences in achievement motivation are mainly due to differences in child-rearing ‏ت91‎ 

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Gomprehension Review =— 6 ود را 2۱۷ 6 111611۳ ۷ ; NOT usually affect r respect¢of life. 

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Comprehension 0 eople and other things ieee melita es 

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Somprehension Review = 

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۱۲۱۱۷ high in affiliation ivation anf vice versa. 

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20 is a 1e and ‏ی‎ on gore a. achievable@a= ‏عاعاطءق .هط‎ c. achievement d. achieved 

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duty to your secretary. a. delegation b. delegated c. delegate d. delegating 

صفحه 239:
tition, but no one feels alous of someone else. a. desire b. motive c. environmer@® = d. improvement 

صفحه 240:
3۳ ulary Review ‏تت‎ ١ ‏/ا|!2ناكنا 22 ع؟15! مآ عدوعرلاع‎ Successful than those pend their energy in rent directions. a. quality ‏اع ثلامم .ط‎ c. trait d. ۹ 

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b. turned @ c. thought of d. inferred from 

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—_ “بييه انلعج برصدان 3۳ high standard of rmance for themselves. hievement-oriented,, ۰( ‏لت فا سای‎ _¢. Power-oriented d. Affiliation-oriented 

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20 ‏یداب‎ > a d ee time, energy oney to learn English. 35 = worthwhile c. persistent d. exclusive 

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ab ulary Review=_ a ۳۵ to Aree through ip, sociability or group bership is called the need ۹ power b. leadership G affiliation, d. achievement 

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‎ae =‏ ا ‎- achievement. ‎<5 eversible b. variable — C. Maintainable vo ci creditable 

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‎b. intensified‏ اه ‎d. delegated‏ = 6 

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20 Ta _— Fictivation, ire main :-- is how to get higher | higher positions. a. setting b. impact c. domain 0. ۲۳۵2 

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B=) == ‏لیرد‎ ‎3۳5 ‏ل راک‎ Ba al Tall Tila 

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كر 0 “Call on 

صفحه 250:
pject at the beginning of _ second clause (line 23) “Having finished homework, Ali went to the ‏فلز‎ 

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‘present perfect (li ‏ین‎ ۱7 1S scussion so far has bout the use of vocal “1 saw this film last ١ ‏لنت‎ ‎Ba mre Cee 

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3/2 5 ‏ال‎ at eee ee ')) = 1 hildren develop their has repaired the car. pany car lag ‏عد‎ “Object + be + past participle 

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(5 Laat hi _ hypothesis is widely accepted _ by language theorists. F 

صفحه 254:
d\ the eee of small movements in the vocal paratus while thinking.~ ther experiments have completely denied the small movements of the vocal apparatus. 

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8۷6۷ درو كمع داع ۱ experiment the drug iad) blocked the connection ween his muscles and =o Tae Only one kind of drug was ~ used during the ‏دییات مت‎ 

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sign language does NOT epress all our idease S- Knowing a sign language Can improve a deaf person’s performance on cognitive and thinking 29۰ 

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8 pulary.Review= ‏د‎ ‎۱ ‏ری‎ 9 ۳09 or anent. ‏كت‎ - Paralysis b. paralyze c. paralytic d. paralytically 

صفحه 258:
سور یه هه 30 ‎ei a ee:‏ وده عت دنا تیه --------- ‎drug can‏ ‎a. counteractive b. ‏لیات‎ Ios ‎c. counteraction d. counteracting 

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20 ‏بيات ايده جا ررد اناد‎ a 3 Sa cbr ۳ well as enough words. 5٩. 6 b. generated c. generative d. 90616151 

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—_ اا لايك ع g, but later it =e hat he had literally left niversity for ever. 3 ‏ی‎ b. explicitly c. infinitely d. effortfully 

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7 «= c. changes d. effects 

صفحه 262:
ويم rate words and combine to make sentences. a. relate b. infer c. producg= d. influence 

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دن = هه یردان 1۷ ی ف فس ‎y‏ —a. Semantic b. Sign ~ ¢. Vocal d. Written 

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20 utary Review = e become impossible. a. interpretation b. - counteraction ات ‎c. generation d. excitation‏ 

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8 0۳ 72 es make it possible to a (n) --------- 01 ۳ a. infinity c. reversibility d. heredity b. variability 

صفحه 266:
‎a‏ > سوه انه يران مك ‎SRE as ary ination of its ----------- ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎23 @ a. mnemonic ۰۳ semantic ‎c. explicit ۳ ‏قرف‎ 

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20 ‏یب‎ cae _— “aaa ۳ Was ------- when he was taken to the al. Byes) ‏لاأدناه1اناء .ط‎ c. literally d. infinitely 35 

صفحه 268:
fluctuation c. Delegation 01. Tool ay 

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‎a‏ 2 هرهز وهای مك ‎1 296, eer she s to imply what she ‎ ‎a. prestigigus b. gestural c. explicit d. deviant 

صفحه 270:
۴ a infinitely 0. 01 ‏اخلليل تن‎ d. infinitive 

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Key Words nie -solving 228 and-error Algorithm * Heuristic **Means-ends analysis 

صفحه 272:
se of two verbs together . 39 : a = ‎a‏ مد ‎ ‎ ‎> promised to study. ‘stopped working. avoided seeing me. “He tried to pass. ‎**He tried working harder. ‎ 

صفحه 273:
.evie ‏نك‎ conditionals اح e calls me, I will talk ad money, | would ly a Car. “If [had studied harder, | would have passed. 

صفحه 274:
۲۱5 20011 ۲۳6 56 ۵۲ 3 ۲۲۱۵۱- ‏ارات وت تا را‎ ‏ار‎ ‎finally find the solution through trial-and- errq. 

صفحه 275:
e main problem of an —_algorithm is that it does NOT - work in a Satisfactory ۷۷ 

صفحه 276:
و و 1 6۳, the major blem is solved. - Ends are used target the appropriate means. 7 

صفحه 277:
= rst step of writing a aper is collecting 

صفحه 278:
cs CC a f the ‏د‎ we can _ exhaustiveness c. exhaustive d. exhaustively 

صفحه 279:
30 as ‏سور‎ ‎a5 ane for this‏ سس ‎uld you give me the‏ ‎sary information?‏ ‎Pere b. 0۲۵6۵ ‏ع‎ ‎c. proceeded d. procedural 

صفحه 280:
cs ae a ----------- ‏لاك‎ 10 BECK to x b. ea ‏رت‎ iid c. effortfulness’ d. effortful 

صفحه 281:
8 ‏رمه اماع جا يدانه‎ = tions carefully to know proceed on a long 5 a. promise b. continue c. divide d. solve 

صفحه 282:
‘ab 0 ‏سس‎ ae ees it res a huge amount of a en b. procedure c. growth d. mastery 

صفحه 283:
ive search into his t’s memories. thematic b. mnemonic c. complete d. persistent 

صفحه 284:
‎ulary Review _—‏ ع ‎ ‎he brain explores and tes possible lines of ‎a. cognition b. algorithm c. semantic d. heuristic 

صفحه 285:
fab METS a Cut ee - b. emotional 6۰ 0۳۲ d. adaptive 

صفحه 286:
ean a maze by -------- : different paths until it he way out. eans-end analysis b. mnemonic device c. trial- and- errces d. rule of thumb 

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= ی ا feed ‏ی‎ ‎by our brain. 0. 00 = c. gesture d. algorithm 

صفحه 288:
=e b. proceed ۱ ta LaNis d. alternatively 

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33 LaLa emonic Devices ۶ ۴۱۳۵۰ ‏او و(‎ 

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‎mae ls 1)‏ کت ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎an welfare, many archers have turned eir attention to the ~ following question: ... 

صفحه 291:
ound: He went there but | yed here. _ Complex: He passed because he had studied well. 

صفحه 292:
vided by many studies ch have compared experts with beginners in ~ various fields... 

صفحه 293:
يسيك 05 الاك[ man who came here is man (whom/that) you saw is intelligent. 

صفحه 294:
iew of different © e clauses = r that/which crashed e tree was nice. he book (that/which) you bought is interesting. 

صفحه 295:
with the same form. 1oun and verb 0 lta _ “Grimace “Contrast 

صفحه 296:
GBmprehension Review = fannot enhance men’s to think, reason, make sions, and solve problems. nowledge base and jetacognition approaches are similar in some respects. 

صفحه 297:
را لت دیور ‎(eon‏ 3-\We.have.metacognition اّ‎ When we know what is on ۲۲ Our minds. vVareness of mental ocesses does NOT —enhance our mental ‏و‎ ‎abilities very much. 

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iren can gain new ation better if they ware of their own ۱۱۱۲۱۷۰ ۰ 

صفحه 299:
tion of both approaches er is very effective. chology can improve man welfare if it can bring bout important gains in our cognitive abilities. 3 

صفحه 300:
number of jobless ِ = growth b. لل ‎c. grew d. grow‏ 

صفحه 301:
الاو ردان اور ییات ول 06 7 ‎d. presumable‏ 

صفحه 302:
abu lary Review =--------- to be eet S proved guilty. sumption _b. ‏عبد‎ ‎_c. presume 0. ۷ 

صفحه 303:
pu 0 janet threatens the _ increasing c. disposable d. achievable 

صفحه 304:
۳ ears, because his e goal is to buy a = a a. final b. stable c. emotional d. minimal 

صفحه 305:
‎on ae eee‏ ی ‎lem; he can live for more‏ ‎without any worries.‏ ‎a. disposable b. paralytic c. ongoing d. lasting 

صفحه 306:
ed aa the atte e there have been no ontacts for 10 hours. ۱ infinitely Cc. ۳۳۳۷۵ d. ‏مومت تفت‎ 

صفحه 307:
I the consequences of an d checking the results of 0۷7۲۱ ۰ gorithm b. metacognition -¢.semantic d. presumption 

صفحه 308:
_ همع "فالعا / 6۱۷, ۶: ۲ mitted him to choose his rse of study by himself. a. grow b. master c. reason d. dispose 

صفحه 309:
0 6 هأ 005 52011153116 .0 

صفحه 310:
abu cae laa his ‏سا سس سس سرت‎ 5 to become a doctor. ~ a. ulti 0. _ procedural c. panicky d. exhaustive 

صفحه 311:
کت بر زیون داد b. dispose --c. enhanc d. generate 

صفحه 312:
you should keep at ne dictionary at your yey ita b. delegation a c. arousal d. disposal 

صفحه 313:
or this purpose is called ia : -a. Mnemonics b. panic c. context d. gesture 

صفحه 314:
4 suffering from a erious mental problem. a. analyze b. analytical c. analysi@ d. analytic 

صفحه 315:
ist have experience with the vironment to be able to ‘correctly ---------- ‏اانالملأه عط‎ —— within it. a. perceptual b. erceptible p p = c. perception d. perceive 

صفحه 316:
ts’ unconscious mind. impermeable b. ~ permeation = c. permeable d. permeate 

صفحه 317:
a. observable™ b. observer c. observe d. observation 

صفحه 318:
icult tasks. rogressively 00 2 ©. 010015 d. progressive 

صفحه 319:
3 ع ب ااحصتصتى .ل ‎ ¢. criminally‏ 

صفحه 320:
یلها 0 him quite different others. a. distinction b. distinctions Ze ‏تابن‎ d. distinctively 

صفحه 321:
atry practice, it was adopted by psychiatrists. ysychoanalyze 4 ۵۵۵ c. psychoanalytic d. psychoanalytically 

صفحه 322:
1 ‏ا ا‎ etely unrelated. They ‏سا اس سس با‎ in many ways. terconnec@ 1۳۲۵۳۱۳۰۵0۳ -¢c. interconnected d. interconnecting 

صفحه 323:
سابع دا ۱ c. sympathetically d. sympatheti@a 

صفحه 324:
- دا بت = GOOD LUCK