Salt Marshes-biotic perspectives
اسلاید 1: Salt Marshes -biotic perspectivesMaia McGuire, PhDFlorida Sea Grant Extension Agent
اسلاید 2: What is a salt marsh?“A community of emerged halophytic vegetation in areas alternately inundated and drained by tidal action.”“Expansive inter- or supratidal areas occupied by rooted emergent vascular macrophytes and a variety of epiphytes and epifauna.”Emerged: sticking out of the water; Halophytic: salt-loving; Inundated: flooded; macrophyte: plant that’s large enough to see; epiphyte: plant growing on another organism but not a parasite; epifauna: animal version of epiphyte
اسلاید 3: Where are salt marshes found?Along intertidal shore of estuariesFlat, protected watersExtensive from Maine-Florida, along Gulf coast from Florida-TexasIn FL, most abundant north of the freeze line (70% of state’s salt marsh)
اسلاید 4: The salt marsh communityPlantsMarsh grassesAssociated halophytic (salt-tolerant) plantsAnimalsPermanent residentsVisitors
اسلاید 5: Salt marsh grassesSpartina alternifloraSmooth cord grassJuncus roemerianusBlack needle rushCladium mariscoidesSwamp sawgrassSpartina patensSalt meadow cord grass
اسلاید 6: Associated plantsMany are succulentExceptions include saltgrassMany are edible (saltwort, glasswort, sea purslane)Form transitional zone between salt marsh and maritime hammock
اسلاید 7: Salt marsh zonationIntertidal—Spartina, JuncusHigh marsh (above mean high water)—Distichlis spicata, Batis maritima, Salicornia spp., Borrichia sp., Sueda linearis, Limonium carolinanumUpper edge of high marsh—Iva frutescens, Baccharis halmifoliaMarsh-mangrove transition zone
اسلاید 8: Resident animalsLittorina irrorataMarsh periwinkle (snail)CrabsFiddler crabs (Uca spp.)Marsh crabs (Sesarma spp.)Geukensia demissaRibbed mussel
اسلاید 9: Tidal Marsh VisitorsBirdsCrabsShrimpFishDiamondback terrapin
اسلاید 10: The majority of commercially-important marine species rely on estuaries/salt marsh at some stage of lifeExamples include blue crab, oysters, hard clams, shrimp, red drum, seatrout, sheepshead, bluefish, mullet
اسلاید 11: Importance of salt marshesProductivityHabitatErosion controlFiltration
اسلاید 12: ProductivityBiological term—amount of carbon produced per m² per unit time3 kg (ash free dry weight)/m²/yearLimiting factors include nutrients, lightSalt marsh plants provide detritus for the estuarine food webFew grazers on blades (< 10% of biomass)Large detrital biomass supports broad food web
اسلاید 13: Partial salt marsh food webMarsh grassDetritusBacteria, fungiInsectsSnailsCrabsBirdsFishPhytoplanktonZooplanktonOystersMusselsHumansShrimpDolphins
اسلاید 14: HabitatNursery groundsFeeding groundsMicrohabitatsAerialBenthicAquaticStressful environmentRapid changes in temperature, salinity, water depth, dissolved oxygenSedimentation
اسلاید 15: This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.comhttp://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.
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