Ayurveda Life Science

Ayurveda Life Science

اسلاید 1: www.tabaye.ir

اسلاید 2: ‘Ayur’‘veda’ – ‘Life’‘Science’Udai SJC – 3rd MarchHappy HoliNikhil Rasiwasia

اسلاید 3: Ayurveda - OriginsAccurate dating is uncertainMore objectively identifiable after the advent of Buddhism (c. 500 BC)Invasion of Darius, Alexander brought exchangeSignificant medical content can be found in Rig-Veda (presumed origin c. 1500 BC)Early writings on perishable bhojpatra

اسلاید 4: VedasIt is the bedrock upon which Ayurveda restsConsidered to be composed around 1500-2000 BCFour vedaRig-veda : lots of stuffSam-veda : Soma sacrifice Yajur-veda : entire sacrificial rite Athar-veda : non-relegious (1200 BC), lots of medical text (fever, diarrhes, heart disease, jaundice, cough, leprosy)Authoritative supplementsBrahmanas Aranyakas (“the forest books, meaning treatises for sadhus living in the wilderness.)Upnishads (self development spiritual text, philosophy, meditation, and the nature of God )

اسلاید 5: End of Vedic Period (500 BC)Subsequent text deriving from primary vedic samhitasLaid more emphasis on the dharma of self-development with explicit spiritual and philosophical contentVedanta – derived from UpnishadsRamayana Mahabharat, Bhagavad GitaPuranas – AD 320 to 520 - tales of ancient times

اسلاید 6: Ayurveda and BuddhismBuddhismattempt to purify, restructure and reform older vedic traditions.Comfortable adopting AyurvedaJivaka, - Taxila’s outstanding Ayurvedic physician, buddha’s personal physicinAshoka (convert to buddhism established many charitable hospitals)Spread of Buddhism == spread of AyurvedaNagarjuna – AD 100, brought about significant advances in Ayurveda – father of iatrochemistry – preparation of medicinal mineral substances

اسلاید 7: Westerm Medicine and AurvedaHippocrates : Father of western medicineHumoral theory – blood, phelgm, yellow bile, black bileDietary therapy, influence of seasons on healthAristotle Relied heavily on empirical observation and naturalistic classificationFour prime qualities: hot, cold, wet, dryFour fundamental essence: air, water, fire, earth

اسلاید 8: Chinese medicine and ayurvedaOldest extant chinese medical text – Huang-di Nei-jing or Inner classic of the Yellow Emperor (300 BC)Similarities – because of exchange of ideas via Buddhism and trade.

اسلاید 9: Ayurveda and Arab Medicine (Unani Tibb)Arab medicine by Avicenna (AD 980)Produced Canon of Medicine, a compendium of the previous works of Hippocrates and GalenMostly based on Greek medicine (Unani)Reports of exchange of ideas – Ayurvedic physicians were invited to baghdad to teach and organize hospitals

اسلاید 10: Earliest Texts760 BC: Charaka Samhita – herbal or plant based pharmacopoeia660 BC: Sushruta Samhita – Surgival approaches7th Century : Ashtanga Sangraha of Vagbhata of Sindh – summary of previous twoAD 100: Nagarjuna – iatrochemistry1331: Madhava Nidana by Madhava of Kishkindha – Ayurvedic Diagnosis14th Century - Sarangadhara Samhita – Pulse Diagnosis

اسلاید 11: Ayurveda in 19th CenturyAyurveda flourished till 12th century, till the Muslim invasionNot much progress from 12th to 17th centuryBritish invasion : 1833 virtually all ayurveda schools closed, opening of British medical schools1920: a national revival and resurgence of interest in traditional Indian culture and practices1946: Formal govt. recognition and reacceptance of Ayurveda and resurgence of research.Currently, however it holds a secondary place in medicine in IndiaIndian govt. officially recognizes as legitimate: Allopathy, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, Unani Tibb, Ayurveda, and its cousins Siddha and Yoga.

اسلاید 12: Ayurveda vs Western SciencePhilosophyW: treats discrete disease entitiesA : treats subtle dysphoria, whose disruptive trends may later develop into discrete disease.DiagnosticW: scientific objectivity and verifiability (accumulating statistically significant data) – “experience-distant”A : pratyaksha (perceptive understanding of each individual) – “experience-near”TreatmentW: Linear logic, categorical and uses a classification system of disease.A : Maintenance of optimal health by daily proactive care, continually modified according to seasonal changesBeliefA : Individual has the innate capacity for potential self-correction and primary self healing

اسلاید 13: Why Ayurveda? Health maintenance rather than disease treatmentSystem of diet and lifestyle enhance the quality of life by dealing with subtle trends that might lead to actual diseaseCompatible with those whose beliefs include naturalistic, spiritual and consciousness-oriented approachesOften require intentional and sustained self-discipline, perseverance and active personal role.

اسلاید 14: Ashtanga AyurvedaKayachikitsa Internal MedicineShalyatantraSurgeryShalakya TantraOtolaryngology(ENT), OphthalmologyKaumarabhirityaObstetrics, Gynecology and PediatricsAgadatantraToxicologyBhutavidyaPsychiatryRasayanaAntiaging and rejuvenationVajikaranaReproductive and aphrodisiac medicine

اسلاید 15: Theoretical FoundationsDarshanas – ideological systemsAstika Sankhya – nontheistic creation sequence - by KapilaYoga – Gradual liberation of human spirit to attain Samadhi – by PatanjaliNyaya Darshana – monotheistic system, logical approach of apprehending the world using reasonVaisheshika - postulates that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to a finite number of atoms by KanadaPurva Mimamsa (inquiry) – emphsis on discipline, ritual and serviceUttara Mimamsa or Advita Vedanta – spiritually oriented, emphasizes the spiritual base of reality, human misperception by Shankara (AD 780) NastikaBuddhismJainismLokayata

اسلاید 16: EpistemologyKnowledge ProcessFrom Nyaya Dharshana philosophyFour cognitive facultiesManas – mind as it experiences sensationsChitta – transmitter from manas to higher cognitive functionsAhamkara – self-identity that provides the individual with the experience of relative constancy. Buddhi – most refined, discerning ability, intellect, wisdomFour techniques of knowingPratyaksha – direct sensory perceptionAnumana – inferenceSabda – authoritative statementUpmana - Analogy

اسلاید 17: World ViewEssentially unitary and dynamic, integrated coherence with actively interdependent aspectsDynamic aspect is fueled by constant interaction amongst three doshas – Vata : movementPitta : transformationKapha : consolidationthe fundamental regulatory principles of the body’s physiological functioningInterplay between them modulates the interaction of the Gurvadi Gunas (10 pairs of opposite qualities)Characterize all perceptible substances

اسلاید 18: Gurvadi GunasShita/ushnaSnigdha/rukshaGuru/laghuSthula/sukshmaSandra/dravaSthira/chalaManda/tikshnaMridu/kathinaSlaksha/kharaPicchila/sishada

اسلاید 19: English please. Shita/ushna- cold/hotSnigdha/ruksha- wet,oily/dryGuru/laghu- heavy/lightSthula/sukshma- gross/subtleSandra/drava- dense/liquidSthira/chala- stable/mobileManda/tikshna- dull/sharpMridu/kathina- soft/hardSlaksha/khara- smooth/roughPicchila/sishada- sticky/clear

اسلاید 20: Vedic StandardsFour basic life goals (purushartha)Dharma – individuals abidance with the inherent lawfulness in universe – purpose, duty, justiceArtha – possessionsKama – PleasureMoksha – liberation

اسلاید 21: Sankhya Model of CreationAvayakta pure existence in its unmanifest stateAbsolutely transcendental, indescribableEssence Satyam – essential truthRitam – deep structure, self-correctingBrihat – vast breath of its beingTwo componentsPurusha – primal immaterial matrix out of which all else emerge, pristine consciousnessPrakriti – when ‘purusha’ spontaneously moves, then at that moment the first material energy, prakriti, comes into being.

اسلاید 22: Maha GunasThree axiomatic attributes that are inherent to maha gunas (subtle)Sattva – pure, clear, harmonyRajas – dynamic movement, agitationTamas – interita, dullnessHighly rarefied potentials that impart direction and create a unique character.

اسلاید 23: AhamkaraNext step in the developmental process of prakriti A giant leap which eventually becomes most characteristically individualized in human experienceExperience of personal sense of self. Next all steps are material

اسلاید 24: Pancha MahabhutiEther/SpaceAirFireWaterEarth

اسلاید 25: Birth of Doshas - Vata

اسلاید 26: Pitta

اسلاید 27: Kapha